Biography
Umbhali waseMelika owaziwayo waseMelika uJerome uDavid Salinger waba ngomnye wababhali abanempembelelo kwinkulungwane yama-20. Inoveli yombhali yaba yinoveli yombhali "ngaphezu kwenzonzobila ye-rye". Ngokuphathelele ivolumu, igalelo kuncwadi alinakubizwa ngokuba lukhulu, kodwa bambalwa kubabhali abanokubekwa kwinyathelo elinye kunye naye.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UJerome UDavid Sallinger wazalwa ngoJanuwari 1, 1919 kwisixeko saseNew York. Utata wenkwenkwe, uSolomon wayesengumhlanga, ngobuzwe yayingumYuda wemvelaphi yeLithuanian, eyayibandakanyekile kurhwebo lwentengiso kunye neetshisi. Umama Miriam, owayebizwa ngokuba nguMary Gillik ukuya emtshatweni, owayenemvelaphi yaseScotland, eyamkela ubuYuda. Kusapho, ingekuphela kukaYerome, udadebo osakhulileyo uDoris wakhuliswa. Umahluko phakathi kwabantwana uneminyaka engama-8 kunye neenyanga ezi-2.
Utata wafuna ukukhulisa unyana wakhe emntwini ofundileyo. Ngo-1936, umfana othile uphefumla kwisikolo sasebusuku kwiSixeko saseNkafu yaseNkali. Ityala lakhe lenzeka kuncwadi: uYerome wabhala iinkwenkwezi ezi-3 zesikolo sesikolo, esezalisekayo.
Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1937, Sallinger waphulaphula izifundo e Yunivesithi eNew York, yaye emva nyaka ePoland, apho kwisixeko Bydgoszcz, ngesicelo uyise, eyimveliso iisoseji wafundela. Ukubuyela kwethu ekhaya, ezikolweni kwiKholeji yase-Urinos, ePennsylvania, kwaye ngo-1939 wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia, apho waphulaphula ikhondo lezifundo kwimbali emfutshane, wafunda uBernenet.
Ngenxa yoko, uDavide akazange agqibe naliphi na iziko lemfundo kwaye akazange abonakalise iminqweno yamakhondo. Ngale nto, wabangela ukuba ungoneliseki kukaTata, lwaza lwahlala lwathi esikolweni ngonaphakade.
Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1942, uYerome wafowunela emkhosini, apho waphumelela khona kwigosa lesikolo-semikhosi yenkxaso yonxibelelwano. Kunyaka olandelayo, isihloko seSergeant satshintshelwa kwindoda ebhalwe ngobuqhetseba kwaye sathumela iNashville kwiSixeko saseNashville.
Indalo
Olona phawu luphambili uninzi lwemisebenzi ye-salinger ngabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-17 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba kunokubizwa ngokuba ngumbhali "wabantwana". Kumsebenzi, umbhali uphakamisa umxholo wenkcaso kumntwana okwishumi elivisayo kunye nehlabathi elijikelezileyo. Amaqhawe nemisebenzi afake ubukho obuyifumani imida ethile.
Ibali le-Debut "abantu abancinci" ngo-1940 bapapasha le magazini uStori. Ngokuphathelele udumo olokuqala, wafika emva kopapasho "lweentlanzi - inaninka", echaza usuku lakwa-Simra Glass kunye neqabane lakhe.
Iminyaka eli-11 emva kokupapashwa komsebenzi wokuqala, nge-16 kaJulayi ngo-1951, yayishicilelwe kuphela kwenoveli "ngaphezulu kwenzonzobila ye-ryye", umbhali usebenze kule bali iminyaka eli-10.
Abagxeki boncwadi balolo xesha bamvumela inoveli, engaphelelwanga. Nangona kunjalo, le ncwadi yavalwa kwamanye amazwe kunye namazwe eUnited States ngenxa yokudakumba kunye nesigama sengcwaba.
Kwimveliso yenoveli kwiimpapasho ezahlukeneyo ezipapashiweyo ezingama-26 zomsebenzi weJerome, kubandakanya ne-7 kwinoveli ye-9 kwi-9 kwi-9 nenoveli. Ngo-1953, baqulunqa ngokwahlukileyo bebizwa ngokuba "libali elithoba". Kwiminyaka engama-60, umsebenzi we "Franni kunye ne-Zui" kunye "ngaphezu kweeRafters, abachweli" baphuma.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1942, uYerome waqalisa ukudibana ne-YAAN, intombi yomntu wadlala i-Yujina o'Ill. Kodwa kungekudala waqhelana noCharlise wazalwa kwaye emva koko wamtshata.
Umfazi wokuqala kaSallinger waba yi-sillia ye-silvia. Waqala wabamba isiNazi, emva koko watshata naye. Bebonke babuyela eMelika, apho kangangexesha elithile babehlala endlwini yabazali bakaJerome. Kodwa umtshato wajika waphila-ubomi-ngaphandle kokuphila kunye neminyaka, esi sibini saqhekeka.
Ngokwentombi yeSallinger, isizathu sekhefu kwakungekho ngqiqweni kwezimvo: kamva umbhali weza negama lesidlaliso "Salva" lentombazana, ethi "amathe" avela kwisiNgesi.
Umfazi wesibini wombhali waba nguClaire Douglas, intombi yokugxekwa kukaRobert Langton Douglas. Intlanganiso yenzekile ngo-1950, ngelo xesha iClaif yayineminyaka eli-16 ubudala, kwaye umbhali uneminyaka engama-31 ubudala. Intombazana evela kwintsapho ehlonitshwayo yaseBritine yayihamba ngeAtlantic kude nemfazwe.
Eminye imithombo ibanga ukuba umbhali ukhuphe uClaire oselula, kodwa oku akuchanekanga ngokuchanekileyo. Ngelo xesha, uYerome ngokomoya waphucuka kwaye wasilela kumgama osondeleyo. Umcebisi wakhe yayinguGuru waseIndiya, kwaye iindlela zabonakala kwimisebenzi yombhali.
UClaire noJerome batshata ngo-1955, intombi kaMargaret nonyana uMatmare wazalelwa kusapho. I-salinger inyanzelise ukuba umfazi aphukele uqeqesho kwiinyanga ezi-4 ngaphambi kokukhululwa, wafudukela kuye. Intombazana inikezela ekwelukelweni kwaye yenza njalo, njengoko wabuziwe yintanda.
Indlu apho usapho lulutsha luhlala khona, kuphela ngokoowayo kunokubizwa njengezindlu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uMargaret enika ingxelo evela kumazwi kamama, umbhali osele edumileyo ofuna izitya ezikhulu kumfazi wakhe kwaye etshicela ilinen yebhedi yezihlandlo ezi-2 ngeveki.
Njengomntwana, intombi ihlala igulile, kodwa yindoda, isekwe ekuqinisekiseni, iyaliwe ukubangela ugqirha. Emva kwexesha, uClaire wavuma intombi yakhe, eyayihamba ngokoqobo, ucinga ukuba uzibulale xa ukhulelwe.
Ngokweenkolelo zikaMargaret, yena nomninawa wakhe bazalwa ngamathuba, intombazana ikholelwa ukuba uJi Di wayengenakulindeleka ukuba babe ngabantwana abanqwenelekayo. Kodwa umbhali waba ngutata olungileyo: Wayedla ngokudlala ngeentsana kwaye wathandabuza ngamabali esincoko sakhe.
Nangona kunjalo, iqhubeka inomdla kubafazi. Ngo-1966, umbhali oqhawule umtshato waqhawule umtshato, yaye kungekudala indawo yakhe yathatyathwa yintatheli iJoyceard, owayeneminyaka eli-18 ubudala ngelo xesha.
UColin waba ngumfazi wokugqibela we-salinger, wayeneminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Ukufa
Emva kwenoveli "ngaphezulu kwenoveli kwi-Pelia eRyeli" yathandwa, uSalari waphila ubomi nenoveli. Emva kowe-1965 umbhali uyekile ukuprinta-ndiqashe ibali lam kuphela.
ENew Hamphire, uYerome Dadas Sallinger wasweleka ekufeni kwendalo endlwini kaJanuwari 27, 2010. Ummeli wombhali wathi ngo-2009, uSalar wenzakalisa ithambo le-pelvic, kodwa waziva kakuhle ixesha elide.
Umfazi wokugqibela uKholin nonyana uMatsi waba ziindlalifa zombhali. Ubomi bombhali bugcwele zizibakala ezinomdla, kwaye ezinye zeekowuti zakhe zaba yintsomi.
Uxwebhu "lwenzonzobila ye-rye" ibala ngobuntu kunye nobomi besaluri.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Esikolweni ngoJerome, bahlala beza kucanyagushelwa ngenxa yegama lakhe lesibini - uDavide. Ukwenzela ukuthintela ingxaki, oototali abahluthwe abathintelweyo ukuba banxibelelane naye ngegama lesibini. Ngendlela, inkwenkwana yayifunda kakubi kakhulu, kuphela ukusebenza ngokucacileyo kwimidlalo yesangqa sedrama kunokwahlula-hlulwa kwimpumelelo yesikolo.
- Ngo-1942, umbhali waya kwinkonzo, apho wathabatha inxaxheba kwinkonzo edumileyo kwi-paratroOorrs eNortandy. Ukubuyela kwethu ekhaya, i-salinger yabetha isibhedlele kunye nokuxilongwa kwe "uqhekezo loqhawulo-mtshato".
- Umbhali wayengekho lula ukuba afumane ukuthandwa kwakhe emva kopapasho "ngaphezulu kwenzonzobila ye-ryse". UJerome akazange afune ukunxibelelana neentatheli, ekhokelele ubomi bokubuyisela. Ukuphikiswa kombhali kumbhali uphendule ukuzama ukwenza intlanganiso yeeleta zakhe.
- Umbhali wabandakanyeka kufundo olungelele kolunye unyango, ubuHindu kunye neBuddhism. Imbali yakhe yeHlabathi yayingaqhelekanga kakhulu.
- Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uSalafe Wathenga indlu kumgama, kufutshane nehlathi, wamthandana nocingo kwaye waxhoma iimpawu "zangaphantsi", umbhali angabonwa rhoqo kwibar ngamantombazana ahlukeneyo.
- Olunye udliwanondlebe noSalsinger lwalusengumfundi wesikolo samaphephandaba kwiphephandaba i "Mnxibelelanisi dale negl". Xa umbhali efumanisa ukuba isicatshulwa senqaku sehle kumgaqo wokuqala wephephandaba, wangena emgceni. Kwakusemva kwesi sihlandlo ukuba imvakalelo yokuzinikela kwakhe uJero wayityalela indlu ngocingo oluphezulu.
- I-SALINGER ikhutshelwe ukupapasha imisebenzi yakhe engeyomfuneko ngexesha ukusuka ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2020. Phakathi kwazo kukho ulwazi lwe-autobiographic malunga nokuncinwa okwenziwa nguye ngeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
- Kwibali "Ileta elahlekileyo" yapapashwa ngenani lefowuni yombhali: 603-67524244.
- Ekupheleni kuka-2016, iziko leziko leMfundo leKartoon iziko lavuleka ukwamkelwa kwezicelo ezivela kumagcisa anqwenela ukuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala yangaphambili yesalinger. Ophumelele i-Winner, i-Fuldserhiship encinci yabelwa, eyayisenza ukuba ikwazi ukugxila ekudaleni umsebenzi okhethekileyo.
- Nje ukuba umgxeki kaJan Hamilton, ngokucacileyo awujongi iindlela zokukhanya, wazama ukubhala imbali yombhali. Kodwa uJerome wayenomsindo kangangokuba wafaka i-hamilton ukunyanzela ukuvalwa kokuvalwa koonobumba abangengaphambi kokupapashwa.
- I-3 "Iikati" zihlala endlwini yeSalfier: IKitty-1, Kitty-2 neKitty-3.
Iikowuti
Kuba umntu wafa, wayengayekanga ukumthanda, ewe, ingakumbi kunabo bonke abanye, uyayiqonda? Ingaba ngcono kwezinye izinto ezingaguqukiyo. Ewe, ukuba banokubekwa kumboniso we-glazed kwaye bangachukumisi. Abafazi bayi-violin, kufuneka ube ngumculi omangalisayo ukuba uvakalise. Kwaye kwangoko kufuneka uye apho apho uthathe isigqibo. Kwangoko. Awunayo ilungelo lokuphulukana nomzuzu. Awunakho. Ndacinga ukuba abantwana abancinci badlala njani ngokuhlwa kwintsimi enkulu, eRye. Amawaka abantwana, kunye nesangqa-sesaprem, akukho mphefumlo, ngaphandle kwam. Kwaye ndimi phezu kwengxondorha yelitye, phezu kwenzonzobila, uyazi? Kwaye ishishini lam kukubamba abantwana ukuze bangayeki enzonzobileni. Uyabona, badlala kwaye ababoni ukuba baqhuba, kwaye ke ndibaleke ndibabambe ukuze bangaphumi. Nguwo wonke umsebenzi wam. Ukuva abafana ngaphezulu kwenzonzobila yeRye. Ndiyazi ukuba yinto engeyiyo, kodwa le kuphela kwento endifuna ukuyithetha ngenene. Ndicinga ukuba ndisisidenge.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1940-Ulutsha
- Ngo-1940-jonga ngo-Eddie
- Ngo-1941 - ukugxeka, ukulungisa
- Ngo-1941-Ishawa yebali elingelilo
- Ngo-1942 - IXesha leTredut Lois Tatget
- Ngo-1942 -Ngxelo engekho sesikweni malunga ne-insent enye
- Ngo-1943 - Abazalwana baka-Vaingu
- Ngo-1943 - ihlathi eliqinisekileyo
- Ngo-1944 - ngesivumelwano sodwa
- Ngo-1944 - i-sergeant enentliziyo ethambileyo
- Ngo-1944 - usuku lokugqibela lokugxothwa kokugqibela
- Ngo-1944 - Kanye ngeveki - awuyi kulahleka
- Ngo-1945-I-Elaine
- Ngo-1945-Ndiyaphambana
- Ngo-1945 - ijoni eFrance
- Ngo-1945 -U-herring e-barrel
- Ngo-1945 -Ukubaleka
- Ngo-1946 - i-riot elula kwiMadison Avenue
- Ngo-1948 - intombazana eqhelekileyo
- Ngo-1949 - Indoda eyahleka
- Ngo-1949 - esikhepheni
- Ngo-1951 - kwaye le milomo, kwaye amehlo obuhlaza
- Ngo-1952 - ixesha elifileyo elifileyo
- Ngo-1953 - i-teddy
- Ngo-1955 - ngaphezulu kolunye uluhlu, abachweli
- Ngo-1959 -Simor: Intshayelelo
- Ngo-1965 ukuya kumhla we-16 ye-hapworth