Biography
Umhlaba oqaqambileyo, umsunguli wexesha layo, esilumkiso sokukhulisa kwezomziselo uqoqosho kunye nophuhliso lweendlela zikaloliwe. Igama le-Sergei Julihichvich ifakiwe ibali ngenxa yohlengahlengiso nolwakhiwo lweendlela ezinkulu zendlela yaseSiberia. Isazisi somphathiswa wezezimali sabangela izimvo ezichaseneyo kunye neengxelo, kodwa igalelo lakhe kuphuhliso lwelizwe licacile.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ibhayiloji yomphathiswa ivela kwiCaucasus, kwi-tiflis, nge-17 kaJuni (nge-29 kaJuni ngesitayile esitsha) so-1849. Inkwenkwe kwinkwenkwe ehlwempuzekileyo yazalwa. Utata uSergey Yulievich ngobuzwe - ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-baltic German, kwafumana isihloko esingapheliyo embindini we-Xix kwinkulungwane ye-Xix. Kodwa kumgca kamama, umdyarho wazivalelwa kwiinkosana zaseDolgorukh, kunokuba uWilte wayenebhongo.
Abantwana abahlanu bakhuliswa kusapho - oonyana abathathu neentombi ezimbini. Ubuntwana bomphathiswa wexesha elizayo badlula ootat'omkhulu kumgca wemama - A. M. Fideev. Umakhulu ufundise umzukulwana wakhe othandekayo we-Aam, enika inkwenkwe yokuqala. Ubhalise kwi-Tifli Gymnasium, umfundi akazange ahlukane nokuziphatha okuhle kunye nokuthambeka kwesayensi ngqo. Indawo yokuzivocavoca ekhetha izifundo, umculo kunye nokukhwela.
Ngaphandle kwamanqaku abuthathaka kwisatifikethi, iSergey Yulievich iya eOdessassa yokwamkelwa kwiDyunivesithi. Nangona kunjalo, umzamo wokuqala awuzange ubize ngempumelelo, kwaye i-Unity Gysusnasium yayikukubuyela kwindawo yokuzivocavoca. Emva kweeklasi ezinenzondelelo, yakwazi ukubhalisa ukubhalisa kwi-facultics ye-physics kunye nemathematics yeYunivesithi yaseNovorossiysk ngo-1866.
Umsebenzi
Emva kokufumana idiploma, onesidanga wayeceba ukuhlala kwiSebe kwaye ukubandakanyeka emsebenzini wesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, umama nomalume womfana wayethetha ngokuchasene nolo hlobo, sele eqwalasele le misebenzi yenzululwazi ayifanelekanga isifundo. Ngokwezihlobo, i-witte yayifanele ukungenela inkonzo yoluntu.
ERussia, ukwakhiwa kweendlela zololiwe kwaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Iiofisi zabucala zityale imali ebonakalayo ekuphuhlisweni kwemveliso. Inqaku lembono elinomdla kunye neWitte Young Witte. Kwicebiso lokulibala A. P. BREBYKY, iSergey Yulievich ithathe indawo yengcali yokusebenza kweendlela zoololiwe kwi-ofisi kaloliwe kaOdessay.
Ikhondo lomsebenzi abanetalente lixhonywe kwimali eseleyo emva kokuba i-Catalian Katasttrophe yenzeka ngo-1875, eyabulala ubomi babakhweli. I-fitte kunye nentloko yendlela yagwetywa iinyanga ezi-4 entolongweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukufaneleka kwe-witte, iphawulwe ngu-Grand Doke Nikolai Nikolayevich, wasindisa umntu entolongweni. Isohlwayo sithathelwa indawo ziiveki ezimbini zeGaupvakta, apho i-fitte ichithe kuphela ubusuku kuphela, ngelixa iqhubeka isebenza kulawulo.
Umsebenzi webhongo lomsebenzi wenyuka. I-Witte yonyulwa ukuba ibeka iNtloko yeNkonzo kuLawulo loLawulo lweNdawo yoLoliwe yaseMzantsi-ntshona.
Kwi-80s, umphathi kaloliwe udibana ne-Emperor Alexander III. Kwaye ngo-1889, isicelo sentloko yeNtloko yeLizwe ibanjwe sisikhundla sentloko yeSebe leMfundo elifundisiweyo kwiCandelo lezeMali.
Kwinkonzo kawonke-wonke, ngaphandle kwesimo sengqondo sokuchasana nentendelezo kunye nabanye abakhweli kumgaqo-nkqubo wabo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo, kuyakhawuleza ukuba nguMphathiswa woNxibelelwano. Emva komsebenzi onemveliso, ngo-1892, wafumana idinga lokuqeshwa kwisithuba somphathiswa wezezimali.
Ukuthatha iposi ephezulu, i-witte iyaqhubeka ukukhuthaza iindlela zoololiwe, ukukhulula imigca kubunini bobunini. Enye yezinto ezifezekisiweyo ze-Witte kukunyanzelwa kokwakhiwa kwendlela ephezulu yase-Siberia. USergei Yulievich ngumbhali wotshintsho lwemali ka-1897. Ilizwe lafumana imali eqinileyo ekhuselwe ngegolide, eyomeleza isikhundla seRussia kwinqanaba lehlabathi liphela kwaye litsalele umnxeba abatyali.
Igalelo elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho laziswa ngokwazisa nge-wineraly ye wayini, eqinisekisa ukuhamba kwemali kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Imfanelo yomphathiswa onetalente ayipheli. I-Witte isebenze kwimithetho yomsebenzi. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe, umda wexesha lokusebenza waziswa. Wayewuqwalasele eyimfuneko yokutshintsha indawo yokuhlala njengentsalela yexesha elidlulileyo.
ISergey Yulievich ixhasa imeko yabantu abafundileyo ngengqondo yokubuza. UMphathiswa ulifezekisile ilungelo lokukhetha abasebenzi ukuba bafanele, hayi ngobukho bezinye izihloko ezibalaseleyo. I-Witte yayikholelwa kubaxhasi be-bourgeoisi, iKotanisi yoMphathiswa iyoninzi yeengangamsha, iqhekeza lezinto ezenza ezazo izibonelelo zokuhlawula amayeza abantu, zaye zenziwe ngamandla.
Ukufika komlawuli uNikolai II, iqela elalingenela iphulo elivuselelayo. Isahluko esitsha sikaRhulumente singamthandi uMphathiswa, kuba iSurismatic Yulievich isliples iqaphele i-autocrat. Kwangelo xesha, uNikolai akakwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle kwalo nto yacaphuka nangakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, uWitte waphendula ukuphinda-ngqo kumlawuli. I-Alexander III ishiye uMphathiswa III.
Ngo-1903, iSergey Yulievich yajoyina imbeko, kodwa enyanisweni isikhundla esingusihlalo wekhabhathi yabaphathiswa. Kwiposti entsha, i-witte ayizange icombulule nantoni na. Ngo-1906, ekugqibeleni wathatha ukuthanda kwakhe ukuthanda kwakhe.
Ubomi Buqu
USergey Yulievich kabini utshatile. Omabini la maxesha eluthandweni, kwaye omabini amabhinqa akhethiweyo abafazi abanyuliweyo baba ngabafazi abatshatileyo. Ndikunye neqabane lokuqala, ithemba lomfundisi we-Andreed scorder Scoidon ladibana eOdessa. Emva kokuba efundile ukuba intanda sele inxulumene nomtshato we-Uzami, unexhala loqhawulo mtshato.
Esi sibini sasitshatile kwiCawa yeVladimir, kodwa ulonwabo aluzange luphele ixesha elide. Umfazi ka-Witte wayedla ngokugula kwaye uninzi lwexesha lalihlala kwiindawo ekuchithwa kuzo. Ngo-1890, ibhinqa lafa kwintliziyo.
Kunyaka kamva, umphathiswa wadibana nenenekazi elitsha lentliziyo-kwaMaria Ivanovna eliyavich, Nee Matilda Isaenu Nurok. Ngokutsho kwefoto egciniweyo kunye nokuphononongwa kwabantu ababephila ngexesha, i-wittey yahlulwa ngenkangeleko yomtsalane, eyayisetyenziswa ngempumelelo.
Umfazi wayesemthethweni, kwaye umntu ongengomntu uvukile ukuqhawula umtshato. I-Wigle, ebeka umsebenzi wakhe omngcipheko, wanyanzelwa ukuba ahlawule imbuyekezo kwaye asebenzise isikhundla sakhe.
Kwihlazo ke umtshato, umtshato wamaYuda wafakwa phantsi impumelelo Sergei Yulievich kwinkonzo, kodwa iimvakalelo babomelele kangangokuba le ndoda ukulungele kumngcipheko wonke. UAlexander III, othandwayo, waphakama ecaleni kwakhe kwaye wayenetha nokuthintela okutsha.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kweenzame, lo mfazi wayengatshatanga kuluntu oluphezulu, apho kuye, ngokunjalo nomyeni wakhe abaphathwa ngendelelo. Ukuba nabantwana bakho, babone amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo kuwo bobabini abafazi kwimitshato yangaphambili.
Ukufa
Owayesakuba nguMkhokeli wasweleka ngo-1915. Unobangela wokufa waba yi-meningitis. Ngokutsho kwemendo ye-ansossiador yaseFrance eSt. Petersburg, J.-M. I-Paleogist, uNikolay, Uncedo, ufunde ngokufa komphathiswa wangaphambili.
Kwakufutshane nje ngaphambi kokuba iSergey Yulievich isebenze kwincwadi yobuqu yomlinganiswa wobuqu. "Iinkumbulo" zapapashwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1920 eBerlin, kamva emva kwe-RSFSR.
Kwilizwe lanamhlanje, igalelo likaWwitte ukusekwa uqoqosho lwaseRussia, kunye nobuntu obalaseleyo baba ngumxholo wababhali-mbali. Iifilimu zoxwebhu zisusiwe malunga noMlawuli, okukhulu, njengabantu ababephila ngexesha lakhe, bajonga uSergey Yulievich.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Ukuqala ukusebenza kwengcali yokusebenza, i-witte, ukufuna ukufunda okungafihlisi kolawulo kunye nombutho, waphumelela i-quarch kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo. Abaphathi abaselula bahlala kwi-ofisi yebhokisi, basebenza njengesixhobo sokuphatha impahla kunye nonxibelelwano abakhweli.
- Xa ugcina isikhundla sokulawula uloliwe kaloliwe kunye nokwamkelwa kwisikhundla sikarhulumente, i-witte ilahlekile ngesikhalazo semali. Endaweni yamawaka angamawaka angama-40 ngonyaka, umphathiswa omtsha omtsha waqala ukufumana amawaka ayi-8. Umlawuli wemali yobuqu ohlawulelwe i-Sergei Yulievich enye i-8 lamawaka njengembuyekezo.
- Abanini beendebe zanamhlanje nabaziqhelekile, basasetyenziswa kwiinqwelo, aziswa kwityala ngexesha lomsebenzi welokho.