I-GI De Maupessan - Biography, ifoto, ubomi bomntu, iinoveli, ukufa

Biography

UGi de Maupasn ngumbhali waseFransi, ubuchule obuBhokisi boNxibelelana nendalo. Indoda ikwazile ukufumana imeko yonke kuncwadi. I-indy uthando, wajika uninzi lwabasetyhini kubalinganiswa benoveli, amabali kunye neenoveli. Kwaye ungumhambi ohamba ngenqwelomoya ongena phezu kweYurophu kwaye wajonga kwiimbombo ezikude zehlabathi.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

Igama elipheleleyo lombhali nguHenri Relm-alber-guy de faversan. Uzalelwe kwi-suromelil ekufuphi nedolophu yokufa kwintsapho yezindlu ezihlwempuzekileyo. Umakhulu wavuka, utata kaGustuu De Maupusanana wayengasashiyi indlela yokuya emsebenzini. Ikhonzwa yindoda ngumthengisi kwi-stock itshintshiselwano, yayingu-Astrett, i-ASTTTT, i-ART, i-ART, ipeyinti. Ndivile umlinganiso kunye nendlela yokuphila.

Kodwa utshatile ngokwakhe ngokuchaseneyo - umhlobo wabantu uLaure i-lavavel le wahlulwa ngumntu onzulu nocinga. Nangona kunjalo, isibini saphinda sahamba phantsi kophahla olunye. Ukulungiselela indlalifa yesibini, umfazi onabafazi bakhe waya kwisixeko saselwandle, apho babekho khona.

Ubuntwana bukaMopassana babhabha ekungakhathali kunye nokungasebenzi. Inkwenkwe yanikwa, ke wachitha ixesha elininzi esitratweni. Ukususela ebuncinci ekuseni kufundwe ukubamba intlanzi, yehlisa ubuhlobo kunye nabalimi, oomatiloshe, abalobi, abalobi.

Kwiminyaka eyi-13, inkululeko iphele. Umama walungiselela i-GI kwisemina yokomoya. Ubungqingqwa beziko lemfundo abaluthandiyo ukufudumeza inkululeko: Ndabaleka amatyeli aliqela, ndihlala ndisanda, ngenxa yomenyeza ongazifumaniyo ngehlazo.

Umzali uthathe isigqibo sokuzama ukonwaba kwakhe kwi-ruan Lyceum, apho wawuncama khona unyana wakhe. Apha le ndoda ihlambulule ingcambu, ibonakalise ubuchule obuqatha kwisayensi kunye nobugcisa, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, bafumana izikhokelo zehlabathi zoncwadi. Imbongi yeLouis Bui kunye nombhali uGustave Flaubert waba ngabacebisi bokuqala. Emva kweycem, umfana wangena kwikomkhulu laseFrance, apho wangena khona kumthetho. Kodwa isifundo saphula imfazwe nePrussia.

I-Maupassant yaya kwimfazwe eqhelekileyo, ngelo xesha waphumelela inkanuko yesayensi yenkululeko kunye nendalo. Ukubuyela kwam ekhaya, andinakuqhubeka ndifunda-Ingxaki yezoqoqosho yaqalisa, abazali abakwazi ukuhlawula iyunivesithi. Kwafuneka ndiye kwinkonzo. I-GI iminyaka emithandathu yanikela ubulungiseleli baselwandle, ngokungafikeleli iziphelo ngeziphelo zomvuzo omncinci. Umsebenzi, obanjiweyo ngokwenene, yayiluncwadi.

Indalo

Ukusebenza kubulungiseleli, uGi De Mavessan phantsi kwesiqalo seFlaubert waqala ukwenza amanyathelo okuqala kwicandelo lokubhala. Iminyaka eliqela yenze kuphela into endiyibhalileyo, ndatshabalalisa le ncwadi ibhaliweyo ndahlala phantsi ngenxa yepeni. UFlaubert wanyanzelisa ukuba lo mfana uza kuchitha ixesha 'kwimyuziyam' yonke imihla, ngendlela awajonga ngayo, kodwa ngale ndlela kuphela onokuphumelela. Kwaye ekuqaleni, inqatshelwe umfundi ukuba aprintwe. Ngoncedo lomcebisi, iMassass yafuduka ukusuka kwi-Maritime Setrate kwisebe elijongene neMfundo edumileyo.

Ukupapashwa kokuqala kwi-bibyuli yendalo yombhali we-novice wenzeke ngo-1875. Isidumbu "Inoveli" Isidumbu "saphuma kwiphephandaba phantsi kwePokeudusm, njengombongo" elunxwemeni ", emva kweminyaka emine, yazisa ingxolo enkulu kwifom ehlaziyiweyo kwaye yazisa iNkundla. Umsebenzi ofumene igama elitsha yi "ntombazana", abameli babaphathi abalawulayo bayithatha iphonografi. UFlaubert weza esuke, esenza ileta yokufumana ileta.

Ngo-1880, ukukhanya kwambona ibali "Pyshk", elangenela ingqokelela. Kule volumu, kunye ne-Debut yomsebenzi, ekufutshane ibali le-Emil Zol, uZhoris-charles Gyuisles kunye nenye i-French Prosaikov.

Ibali livelise i-furor kubahlekisi kunye nabafundi bendesi entle kunye nokukhanya kwabalinganiswa. Emsebenzini, wade wanika ikhefu iinyanga ezintandathu. Emva kwe "Pyshki", ingqokelela yemibongo "yemibongo" yapapashwa, emva koko wayeka igosa kwaye wasebenza kwiphephandaba.

Ngeminyaka yee-1980, i-maupass yahamba kakhulu. Iimpembelelo ezivela eCorsca, Algeria noBritany ogalelwe kwiinoveli, iinoveli kunye nezincoko. Umzekelo, amaCorsicans, aphefumlelwe ukuba adale incwadi ethi "ubomi". Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ikamva, umbhali ukwazile ukwenza umsebenzi we-axibolic.

"I-Pierre kunye neJean", "emanzini", "phantsi kwelanga", "ukukhanya kwenyanga" kwaye, kunjalo, inoveli "umhlobo wakho." UGi de Maupasn wakhuliswa kwiindawo zokuqala kwi-peiad yeenkwenkwezi ze-french.

Umfundi wamkela i-mopassana, wakwazi ukwenza ukubhalwa komsebenzi wengeniso. Kunyaka, umbhali wafumana amawaka ama-60 ama-frans kwaye wayehlala ngonyawo olubanzi, engalibali ngemali ukuxhasa umama nabazalwana bakhe. Ilizwe elinesidima lenziwa ekutshoneni kwelanga lobomi, kwafunyanwa izindlu ezininzi zelifa, zaziqulathe ii-yachts ezininzi.

Iimfihlakalo zokuthandwa ngababhali bexesha elidlulileyo bezicacaca. UZola waphawula ukuba i-GI idlala ngobuchule ngobuchule, ithethe kakuhle nomfundi, kwaye ukuba isebenzisa uSirir, emva koko ngaphandle komthunzi wobubi kunye nebukhali. Ingonyama iTolstoy ichaze i-fanomenon ye-fame mopassana ngenxa yokuba uMFrentshi wabona "intsingiselo yobomi kumfazi, eluthandweni."

Umbhali waphosa ubuhlobo kunye noogxa abadumileyo kuncwadi. Ngokusondeleyo ne-Ivan Turgenev, i-alexis, dierks kunye nezinye izinto ezidumileyo. Ndivile iqabane elihle kwaye ndiqinisekile.

Inxalenye yemisebenzi ye-GI Dastant yaba sisiseko semiboniso bhanyabhanya. Okokuqala ngqa umsebenzi wakhe weza ebomini kwifilimu eSoviet Union. Ngo-1934, uMlawuli weMikhail Romm wasusa umfanekiso oqinileyo "tyhala". I-willy fillt (1936), i-Pierre Cardinal (1983) kwaye i-Vonen DoDlellan (2012). Kwiteyiphu yokugqibela, iHollywood Shrict Robert Pattinson, umkhenkethi wengqondo, uChristina Rci.

Ubomi Buqu

UGi de Mavessive unomdla wokuthandana kwabasetyhini, uvile uLovels, eqala iqela leenoveli kunye noqhagamshelo olungahleliwe. Uthando lwe-adventures lusisiseko sesabelo sengonyama yemisebenzi. Nokuba ukuphoxeka akuzange kuyinqande le ndoda. Ngenye imini, umfana oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala wathandana neParisian ogama linguFanny kwaye wanikezela imibongo yakhe. Ukuhamba phantsi kweefestile kwintanda, yeva intombazana enokwazi ukufunda izivumo zokuthandwa ngabahlobo.

Kukho amanye amagama eenkanuko ezivela kubomi bomdala waseFransi: i-Emmanuel Emmanuel Pototskaya, e-Ermina, eMarie Canes. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali wazama ukungazibeki ubudlelwane kunye neendaba. Ngandlel 'ithile baphantse balungiselela i-duel ngentatheli eyayichaza inenekazi elilandelayo kwiphephandaba.

Ngo-1882, iMassassan ngequbuliso yatshata, kodwa ayifikanga emtshatweni. Indoda ngaphambi kokuphela kobomi ihleli ingumntu webhachelor. Mhlawumbi engazange afumane kuphela. Guy nguMbhali weengxelo ezininzi malunga namantombazana abe ziigusha. Omnye wazo:

"Ndiyamthanda kuphela umfazi omnye - umntu ongamaziyo, ongekho enyanisweni."

Uthando lwe-adventures lwajika lwesifo: Umbhali wosulelwe yi-syphilis. Kwaye umhlobo wakhe wabhala malunga noxilongo ngoXolo:

"Ndinebhongo, ndine-syphilis yokwenyani, kwaye andoyiki ukuyikhetha!"

Emva kweshumi leminyaka emva kokusweleka kukaGi Dausantnt kwi-ECLO yaseFrance yase-ECLO, iindaba ezilungileyo zabonakala ngathi nguyise "umhlobo omuhle" utata wabantwana abathathu: amantombazana amabini kunye nenkwenkwe. Iindlalifa ezingekho mthethweni, ngokwesiko lexesha, balinxiba igama lika-Jamine Jamine Lizelman.

Umbhali ngokwakhe akazange athethe malunga nabantwana, izalamane zakhanyela inyani yobukho babo. UGi washiya iTestamente, apho wonke umntu wadlula khona umtshana. Kuphela ikota yelifa kuphela eyadlulisela kubazali.

Ukufa

UGi de Maupasn wayene-heredity embi. Umama wabandezeleka kwi-psychosis, kwaye umntakwenu omncinci wade wasweleka kwikliniki yengqondo. Umbhali wasoyika ukubambelela ubomi bakhe bonke, kodwa eli xesha lingadlulanga. Ukongeza, impilo iye yasilela phantsi kwengqondo yengqondo, kuba wabhala ngaphandle kokuma.

I-GI yophuyisa, kamva ibambeke. Ngo-1891, indoda yayizama ukuzibulala, yamka umqala wakhe. Wawela kwisibhedlele sengqondo, kwaye emva kweminyaka emibini wasweleka. Unobangela wokufa kukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Umbhali onokukwenza inyani kwaye achukumise uthando lothando, akazange aphile ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-43.

Iinyani ezinomdla

• I-MooPassan, kunye namanye amanani enkcubeko, ichasa ukwakhiwa kwe-Eiffel tower, ebiza ubume be "imbiza i-fuleton". Ihlala ityalwa eluphahleni lwenqaba, kuba kuphela ukusuka kweli nqanaba leParis alibonakali.
• Umbhali uthande ukuhamba, watyelela amazwe amaninzi. Wahamba eBrittany kwaye wandibhabha kwibhaluni evela eFransi ukuya eBelgium.

• Umntu waseFransi wamkela umlambo, ukuthanda umdlalo wemidlalo. Ngo-1885 wathenga i-yacht ebizwa ngokuba "ngumhlobo omdaka." Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, kwavela yesibini i-yacht, sele ilunge ngakumbi, kodwa ngegama elifanayo.
• Malunga nothando lombhali womkhonzi wakhe uFrancois Tassal wadala incwadi ethi "Iinkumbulo zeGuy de Moopas", zikubona ukukhanya ngo-1911. Umbhali ugcinwe kakhulu uvula ikhuselo leemfihlo zobomi bomnini.

Iikowuti

"Ndiqokelela abafazi. Ngenye, ndidibana kube kanye ngonyaka, nabanye - kanye kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kwasesithathu - kube kanye kwikota. Kunye nabanye-xa bafuna. Andimthandi mntu "" Amagama othando ahlala efana, - konke kuxhomekeke kumlomo wakhe "" Ewe, uthando kuphela kolonwabo ebomini "" Ukutsalwa kancinci akunakukwazi ukuthelekiswa ne-kiss "" bafazi bayinyani ngokupheleleyo okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, ukuya kwi-finsise "" dlanza ngokufuthi umntu odla ngokungenasiphelo. Ngapha koko, ubomi bodwa bokwenza oko kwenza iimpazamo "" wonke umntu omi kumandla karhulumente unyanzelekile ukuba aphephe imfazwe ngendlela efanayo

I-Bibliography

• 1883 - "Ubomi"
• I-1885 - "Umhlobo othandekayo"
• I-1887 - IMon-Orol
• 1888 - "Pierre kunye neJean"
• Ngo-1889 - "Womelele Njengokufa"
• 1890 - Intliziyo yethu
• "Umnqweno woMlilo" (ongafakwanga)
• "Umphefumlo we-Allien" (ongafakwanga)
• "Iingelosi" (ezingafakwanga)