Biography
I-Antoine De-Expery, ilungu le-Wars yeHlabathi yeHlabathi yeHlabathi neyesibini, phambi kwamehlo akhe, phambi kwakhe i-Tentieth yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, indlela engaqondakaliyo yakwazi ukugcina umsebenzi wakhe njengendawo yakhe Isimangalo esihle. Ukuhleka okuthambileyo kunye nengqondo yamabali akhe atsalela umfundi unanamhla.
Ikhadi lezindlu yesibini lombhali waseFransi sisiqhulo se-biegraphical bingoko. Ngelixa abantu ababephila ngexesha labo babhala malunga nokusilela kwesizukulwana kunye nobubele bokuba, uMorgea wayefuna imvelaphi yamandla angaphakathi ekwazi ukoyisa intlekele yenkulungwane yama-20, amabali obomi bangaphambili.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wexesha elizayo webhayiloji kunye neencwadi malunga nembali kazwelonke wazalwa ngonyaka we-1885 kwidolophu encinci yaseFrance ye-Elbeff yaseNornded. Abazali bakhe - isibini samaYuda kwifani yaseRzogi, ababesebenza kubuKatolika-bafudukela eMantla-ntshona weFransi emva kokuzalwa koNyana. Ngaphambi koko, usapho lwaluhlala eAlsoco, kodwa emva kokulandela iMfazwe yaseFranco-Prussian, umhlaba wabekwa eJamani, kwagqitywa kwelokuba aphesheya kwe-French.
Utata ka-Emil, uErnest eRzog, notat'omkhulu kumgca katata onikwe i-alsoce ngomzi-mveliso wendwangu. Ngenxa yemizamo yabo, hayi kuphela usapho lomnini weshishini, kodwa uninzi lwabasebenzi bafudukela eNortyaria. Urhulumente wanika utat'omkhulu wombhali ngokulandelelana kwemikhosi yaseFrance kusindiso lweshishini likazwelonke.
Ngexesha lokuzalwa kwenkwenkwe, intlalo-ntle yentsapho yomelezwa. Xa ubhaptizwe, umntwana wafumana igama lika-Emil Salomon wilhelm. Ngokuqala komsebenzi wokubhala njengegama lokwenyani, uAndre Morua Pseugungenym wamiselwa. Imfundo yokuqala efunyenwe kwindawo yokuzivocavoca ye-Elbef, kwaye kwiminyaka eli-12 wangena eRuegey Liyceum yePierre Coplor. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, wabelwa umgangatho welayisensi.
Ngaphandle kwamandla, i-emil ifumene umphathi kumzi-mveliso katata. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, ibhunga ukuba lihambe isikolo lamnika utitshala weLill Emil Sharterier, owayepapasha izincoko zentanda-ntathu phantsi kuka-Aliis weAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain waseAlain weAlain. Iimbono zomnxeba ziphembelela iWatchIWal Vaily yomfundi. Nangona kunjalo, uHerzog wangena kwiDyunivesithi yaseCanes.
I-imeyile yayineminyaka engama-29 ubudala xa kwaqala imfazwe yehlabathi. Ngeminyaka emithathu ngaphambili, wawushiya umsebenzi kumzi-mveliso kwaye wazama ukwenza isigqibo malunga nomsebenzi. I-ERzog kwiimfazwe zisebenza njengegosa lesiNgesi kwikomkhulu lesiNgesi eFransi kwaye libonelela ngeenkonzo zoguqulelo kwizidumbu ze-Britane. Amava afunyenwe kamva abonakaliswe kwimveliso yakhe yetyala-inoveli "ukuthula kukaColoneneli".
Uncwadi
Iqhawe lenoveli yokuqala u-Andre Mooua lisondele kubahlali kuwo onke amazwe alwa neJamani. Incwadi izisa ukwamkelwa okubi kwiFrance kuphela, kodwa nakwi-United States kunye ne-UK. Ngo-1922, inoveli yesibini ipapashiweyo - "intetho yoGqr O'gredy", ekwaphumelelayo. UMorua uqinisekile ngokukhetha imisebenzi yoncwadi.
Umbhali ucwangciswe kwi "Crona de Fe", emva kokuba emkile utata ethengisa ishishini. Kule minyaka, uqokelela izinto zentlobo zokuqala zebhayoloji zokuqala. Ngo-1923, uAriel, ubomi bukaSuritani buphuma, kwiminyaka emine kamva - incwadi malunga neBrimen Prime Primen Denjanei, kwaye ngo-1930 -ibhayiloji yaseBairon. Olu ngcelele lwamva, kupapashwe kamva olubizwa ngokuba ngu "Romantic England", womeleze ukuthandwa kombhali e-UK.
Ngokuhambelana nomsebenzi kwiibhayiloji ze-MUROA uvelisa iinoveli. UBernari walawula ngo-1926 uBernar Kenu uxelela malunga negqala eliselula lemfazwe yehlabathi, onesiphiwo e-ART, kufuneka asebenze ngokuchasene nomzi mveliso wosapho. Khuphela i-autobographicifity yeyelenqe akukho nzima.
Ngo-1938, uMorua oneminyaka engama-53 wafumana i-Intanethi ekhethekileyo - enyulwa kumalungu eNcwadi yaseFransi. Iziko leMfundo ilufundela uLwimi lweSizwe kwaye inyamekele ukugcina imeko yayo yesiqhelo, kubandakanya nokuboniswa malunga neeprimiyamu ezimalunga ne-60 zababhali.
Ubuchule boncwadi uArere Morua waphazamisa intlekele yemfazwe yesibini yehlabathi. Umbhali uphiwa wabhalwa ngevolontiya kwaye isebenza njengomphathi. Xa amasoyishini alawula iFrance, ushiya e-US kwaye ufundisa ixesha elithile kwiDyunivesithi yaseKansas. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1943, uMorsua, kunye namajoni, amajoni aBalandeli awela kuMntla Afrika. Apha kwaye ngaphambili kukufuduka, udibana nomhlobo wakhe, umqhubi wenqwelomoya, umbhali uAtoine de oxupery.
Umama uMorua Resored ngo-1946. Apha ivakalisa ukuqokelelwa kwengcongolo, equka "iitanatos", kwaye ibhala ibhayiloji entsha - "ekukhangeleni kweMarseille." Ngeli xesha, utshintsha amaxwebhu, kwaye i-dusudony ibe yigama layo eliyinyani. Ngo-1947, "Imbali yeFrance" ivela - owokuqala wezincwadi malunga nembali yamazwe. Ifaka isicelo kwimbali ye-Great Britain, i-USA kunye namanye amazwe.
Ekuqaleni kwe-50s, ingqokelela yemibhalo yawo iphuma: Izicatshulwa zihlala ziyi-16 imiqulu. Kwangayi minyaka inye, intlekele, intlekele ngokupheleleyo "yomntu ongamaziyo" uyapapashwa. I-MOROA iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kwiibhayiloji. Unomdla kwi-Georges Sand, Alexander Duma, uVictor Hugno kunye ne-Alexander Elemili, eyakha iPeniclillin. Igqityiwe le ncwadi ibhloko malunga neBalzac. Umbhali wadala iminyaka engama-78 yobomi.
Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yobomi, uMorua amanqaku akhe ayedla ngokushicilelwa kumaphephandaba eSoviet. Njengoko umbhali "wabhala, umbhali wayengabahlobo ababhali abaninzi be-USSR. EFrance, esebenzisana noshicilelo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zedemokhrasi. Kuyaziwa ukuba uMorua washiya utyikityo phantsi koqhanqalazo lwamaphetshana entlalontle ukuba athabathelwe ukubanjwa komthendeleko waseMexico David.
Ubomi bukaMorua buvela ngo-1970, emva kokusweleka kombhali, phantsi kwegama elilula "iimemo". Kuyo - yonke ityeni lobomi bokuyila, imifanekiso yeentlanganiso kunye neengxoxo ezingekho sesikweni nezopolitiko, intanda-bulumko, ababhali. Ilifa loncwadi loMbhali waseFransi lihlanganisa iincwadi ezingamakhulu amabini kunye ngaphezulu kwamawaka amanqaku. Iiphingo kunye neenkcazo zikaMorua zaziwa ngokubanzi, umzekelo:
"Ixesha elichithwe ngumfazi alinakubizwa ngokuba lilahlekile."Ubomi Buqu
Ibhayiloji kaMorua ibandakanya imitshato emibini. Kwiminyaka engama-28 ubudala, watshata noZhanna-marie shiekevich. Umlingane wamnika oonyana abathathu, uGerald noOlivier, nentombi kaMichelle. Xa umbhali wayeneminyaka engama-39 ubudala, umfazi wakhe wasweleka. Unobangela wokufa waba yi-sepsis.
Umtshato wesibini ugqityiwe nge-Simon Kayep, isihlobo seMarseil Asoust. Kangangexesha elithile, esi sibini sahlala ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye, ngelixa uSimon wayesaziwa ukuba iqabane linonxibelelwano oluzayo. Kwakungekho abantwana abavela eMorua kunye neKeade.
Ukufa
UAndre Morua wasweleka ngo-Okthobha 9, 1967. Ngelo xesha, wayehlala kwintsimi ye-nei-suint - i-commatiece ekufuphi kwikomkhulu laseFransi eNtshona.
Ingcwaba lombhali ikwindawo yasekhaya. Apha umzimba we-Anatol France, i-cinematopher Revlera, i-Artist-uphawu lwe-puwe de gallianna.
I-Bibliography
- I-Romani "i-Treanel Branene"
- Incoko yaseRoma "Gr. O'gredy"
- I-Roma "Ariel, okanye ubomi bukaShelilly"
- "Ubomi be-roman be-dizraeli"
- I-Roma "nge-ron"
- I-Novel "yeeleta zoMphambukeli"
- Ukuqokelelwa kwe "ufourts ngolwesiThathu"
- I-Roma "Bernard Ken"
- "Ubundlobongela bothando baseRoma"
- Isincoko "Iimvakalelo"
- "Imbali Ye-France"
- "Imbali yaseNgilani"
- "IOlympio, okanye ubomi bukaViktor Hugo"
- "IiDumas ezintathu"
- "I-prometheus, okanye ubomi be-balzak"
- "Iimemori / Iinkumbulo"