Biography
NgeSpanish, ifani yeTeotokopoulos yayinzima kakhulu, ke emva kokufudukela eToledo, umzobi waqalisa ukuzibiza ngokuba nguDemico, okanye i-elco. I-punesudugom ibonakalisa imvelaphi - wazalelwa eCrete, eSpain yaba lilizwe lesibini kuye.
Apha ukuphela komhla we-16 yenkulungwane ye-17, eyona ntlungu yadala i-canvas edumileyo, kubandakanya "ukungcwatywa kombutho" kunye "nokushicilela kwesihlanu", nto leyo ethathwa njengemizekelo ye-Manherism. Ukuqulunqwa koxinzelelo, umahluko weepeyinti kunye nokuphindaphinda kwemithombo yokukhanya-yonke imisebenzi ye-El Greco isebenze ukuze iphumelele kwaye ibonakalise eyona nto iphakamileyo. Ilifa lakhe labaphembelela amagcisa, kubandakanya iPablo Picasso, amasimi e-Cezan, uEdward Mana.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Intsapho yamaGrike apho ngonyaka we-1541 uMdali we-Mysite waseSpain ekupeyini wazalwa khona, akuzange kuswele nantoni na. Intloko yosapho yayikufumene nje ngorhwebo, kodwa nerhafu yokuqokelela. Oonyana bakaDemenico noManussos bafumana imfundo egqwesileyo ngemigangatho yelo xesha. Kukho ubungqina bokuba bafundisa isiGrike samandulo nesiLatini.
Xa uDomenico wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, utata wakhe wasweleka. Ukunyamekela usapho kubekwa emagxeni lomninawa omdala, umculi uMarsosSSSS. Emva koko, wabunikela bonke ubomi bakhe bonke ukuba barhwebe. I-Domenico inyule indlela yobugcisa. Kwipipi, indibaniselwano yabapeyinti esebenza. Umfana wangena kubahlali.
Ukupeyinta
Ukupeyinta kweCretan yenkulungwane ye-16, okokuqala, okokuqala, umzobo we icon yesikolo. Ukwahluka kobuchule bokuyila kwababhali bendawo kwakuza kudibanisa ubukhali bokuqina kobume be-byzantine ngeemotis zase-Itali. Ii-odolo zafunyanwa kuzo zombini iindawo zaseKatolika kunye ne-Orthodox.
I-Domenico teottokopoulos ifumene isihloko senkosi engaphelelanga kweminyaka engama-22. Oku kunike ithuba lokuvula eyakhe indibano, kwaye umzobi, ukholelwa ukuba ababhali-mbali bangababhali-mbali, wasebenzisa ithuba. Owona msebenzi ophambili wexesha lokuqala lebhayili yendalo ye-El Greco ithathwa njenge "inkangeleko yentombi". Ndikunye no "Martydom of raskeva", i-mikhail damascus ithathelwa ingqalelo njengesampulu yelifa le-cretan yesikolo.
Ngo-26, umbungu ushiya ilizwe lakhe. Ngo-1967, uTeopokopolos uhlala eVenice, kwaye kwiminyaka emithathu kamva wafudukela eRoma. Inxalenye yabaphandi bakholelwa ukuba esixekweni emanzini, umculi we-novice wasebenza phantsi kweTiti. Elinye lama-Itionans yeRenaissance ngelo xesha ayengaphezulu kweminyaka engama-80 ubudala, kodwa ngoku wayesamkela abafundi kumasifundisane.
Ixesha lesiRoma le-El Greco lisaphawulwe yimpembelelo yeRenaissance. Isitayile esiphumayo sikhutshelwe kwiingoma ezininzi eziqaqambileyo, ubume bepeyinti, i-slongation ye-silhouettes. Kodwa abalinganiswa bakhula benyuka phantsi kwebrashi yakhe ekubhiteleni ngexesha lokuzila okulahlekileyo. Eyona ndlela iqaqambileyo yendlela ebalulekileyo ifumaneka "ngokuhlwa ngemfihlo", kwaye "ngokuthinjwa", kunye 'ekuthinjweni kwabarhwebi etempileni. "
Ubugcisa bobugcisa baseCretani batsala umdla we-Elite yeRoma. Umenyiwe kwikhadinali ye-Cardinal Alesnandro Fames, apho umzobo oselula udibana khona izazi, intanda-bulumko, amagcisa. Kodwa kungekudala indwendwe ilahlekile indawo: UDomenico unomdla kakhulu kubasemagunyeni bexesha elidlulileyo. Vumela kwakhona i-Renaissance ishiya iqonga, kodwa imemori yobameli ngempendulo isaphila.
Amagcisa amaGrike, athi, Malunga nendlela yokuhamba ngayo, malunga noMichelangelo.Utsho nokubamba inkalipho yokuhambisa ipopu ukuba abuyisele i-Fresco "inkundla eyoyikisayo ye-Fresso" kwi-Sistine Chapel imibono ye-hlogine.
"Sidenge I-Semetan," umyili we-pierre ligorio uphendule malunga ne-El Garco.Nditsho neengxabano zekhadinali kunye nomculi. Ngaphandle kokungangqinelani noluntu lwaseRoma, ngo-1972 i-teottokopolo ivula iworkshop 'kwisixeko esingapheliyo ", kodwa iyasilela ukufumana iiodolo ezinkulu, kwaye uDomenico ushiya i-Itali.
ISpain itsalele umzobo wethemba: Inkosi yale meko ye-Philip II yayinomdla wokuhonjiswa kwendawo yangaphakathi yebhotwe elitsha, ukukhetha iinkosi. Ukuba eMadrid kwaye ukubona injongo yegunya lokuya enkosini, i-El Greco yadibana nomthunywa wezakwalizwi eBenito Montalkhi kunye neqela le-titalsky elikufutshane ne-abbot. Ngenxa yoko, endaweni yomyalelo wasebukhosini, isivumelwano sokuqala seSpain Umsitho osayinwe ngabameli beCawe.
Emva kwesicelo, iipeyinti ezili-10 zadalwa, ezona zidumileyo ziyinto "yentuthuzelo noKristu." Umphambili we-iquist, ogxininisa uxinzelelo lwendimbane kuKristu, xa i-Demimax, xa inkxaso yomsebenzi ilungiselela ukuphazamisa i-chiton kuye, kwaye, kunjalo, ubukhulu becala uqhekezwe I-Manherism.
Inyaniso enomdla: ye-canvas, ngoku ejonga ubugcisa behlabathi, icawe inqabile ukuhlawula i-ducats evakalisayo. Ngenkundla, umbhali aphumeleleyo kwisixa amatyeli amathathu aphantsi - i-350 Ducats. Amabango amabango ancitshiswa kwinyani yokuba uEl Greek wazibeka ngaphambili kwi-Mari, i-Koi yayingakhankanywanga kwi-Canon's Version yeziganeko. Ngapha koko, amabandla wecawa yendawo yokuhlala ngaphezulu kwentloko kaKristu. Nangona kunjalo, i-odolo ye-Trelety Heat'ed Greco eSpeyin.
Kwaye okwangoku, ekukhuthazeni kukaPhilip II, ayincedi. Umsitho wenziwa ii-odolo ezimbini zenkosi, kodwa umsebenzi wokumkani akazange achukumiseke, kwaye intsebenziswano yayingakhange isuswe i-EL Greek Greek. Umbhali oneminyaka engama-44 ubudala wagqiba kwelokuba asebenzise i-fame ocwebekileyo eToledo kwaye evule iworkshop apha ngo-1585. Umncedisi waseRoma uTeotokopolos Francisco Frable wafudukela eSpain.
Kungekudala umzobo wadala ilaphu lemfihlo-umfanekiso wokungcwatywa kwelungu lelungu. Isebenzisa iyelenqe lembali yenkolo malunga nomhlali waseToledo, oxhaswa ngemali icawe. "Ukungcwatywa" kubonisa iingcwele ezimbini ezihle ezulwini ukuya kunika umncedisi. I-canvas yadalwa kwiCawesk yeCawe yeSan Tome.
Phakathi kwe-1587 nowe-1592, umhlungu-ntlungu wabhala umzobo osekwe emfanekisweni "ngumpostile uPetros noPaul" ngokusekelwe ngokwamanqaku imifanekiso. Namhlanje igcinwe kwi-hermitage. Umbhali akangowambukeli nohlobo lwembonakalo yomhlaba, nangona amalaphu enje kwiLifa leLifa le-El Greco Yontathu. Owona mbono udumileyo "uToledo", obonisa isixeko esikhanyayo sikhanyiselwe kukukhanya okungaphakathi, sasasazeka phantsi kobugqwirha, isibhakabhaka sendudumo. Lo mfanekiso waba ngomnye wemihlaba yokuqala kwipende yaseYurophu.
Kungekudala ngaphambi kokufa, inkosi yadala ukurhoxiswa kwe-canvas yendlela yesihlanu esithi ", ebekufanele ukongeza umhombiso wangaphakathi weCandedo yeColeto kaYohane umbhaptizi. Lo mfanekiso ulahlekelwe ngokuyinxenye: Ekupheleni kweenkulungwane ezili-19 ukuya kwengama-20, ukubuyisa inqamle inxenye ephezulu. Kukholelwa ukuba kule fomu, umsebenzi wakhonza njengomthombo wokuphefumlelwa kwiPicasso xa ubhala "iintombi ze-Avignon."
I-El Greek ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-porratist enokuphumelela uphawu kwiimbonakalo. EToledo wayebandakanyeka kwisikrini, esenza isibingelelo saseShapel San Jose. Ukubaluleka kobuchule bokuyinyaniswa kunxulunyaniswa nokusekwa kweendlela zokuziphatha, okwasebenza njengesiseko se-baroque, kwaye eyona nto iphambili kakhulu kwimizobo yasivumela ukuba sithethe ngo-El Greek kunye nokuchana.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-36, wayehlala kumtshato ongumtshato onoSpaniard Heronim de Las Cuevas. Ngo-1578, babenonyana obize uJorge Manuel.
Abaphandi bacebisa ukuba uDomenico utshatile ngaphambili: Wagqiba ukutshata okanye eCrete, okanye e-Itali. Kwaye ayimvumeli ukuba abhalise umanyano neHerom. Kwangelo xesha, uEl Greco wakhankanya owona mfazi kumaphepha asemthethweni, kubandakanya ukuthanda, kwaye wamqonda uNyana.
I-El Greco
Ngo-1614, umculi wasebenza kwi-odolo yeSibhedlele iToledo, kodwa umsebenzi wawungaphelelwanga. Umbilini wehla, kwaye urhulumente unzulu imihla ngemihla.
Ukuqonda ukuba andiyi kuphila, uEl Greek ukwazi ukuzoba intando. Umzobi wasweleka nge-7 ka-Epreli. Wangcwatyelwa kumanyano, emva koko watshatyalaliswa kamva. Intsalela ye-artist ilahlekile.
Sebenza
- I-1560-1565 - "I-Pomonky riptych"
- 1567 - "Ingcinga yeNtombi"
- I-1570 - "isidlo sangokuhlwa sexesha"
- I-1570 - "Ukunqula uMagi"
- I-1570 - "I-PRRAIT ye-Julio Clea"
- I-1571-1575 - "Ukuzalwa Kwabarhwebi"
- I-1573 - "UKristu emnqamlezweni"
- 1577-1579 - "Ethetha Ngeengubo zikaKristu"
- I-1585 - "Usapho Ongcwele"
- I-1586 - "Ukungcwatywa kwe-Orsas ibale"
- 1587-1592 - "Abapostile uPetros"
- I-1595 - "Umpostile uAndrey noFrancis"
- I-1596-1600 - "Jonga iToledo"
- 1600 - "Ukuzingca"
- 1608-1614 - "Ukususa isihlanu sokuprinta"