Biography
Umculi waseSpain uFrancisco Ngeya, sobabini ebomini, kwaye emsebenzini wazama ukulandela imigaqo ephezulu yenkolo. Wadala umzobo wembali yelizwe lakhe, esenza igalelo elikhulu kubugcisa. UGoya yenye yeenkosi eziqaqambileyo zexesha lokuthandana. Uyilo lwakhe lukwakholelwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iifoto zeFrancisco zinikezelwe kwi-hermitage, iifoto zabo zinokubonwa kwi-Intanethi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UFrancisco-José Goya-I-Lusatenes wazalwa ngoMatshi 30, 1746 eZaragoza. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa kwenkwenkwe, usapho lwafudukela kwilali yaseFuendetos-yayiyinqanaba elinyanzelekileyo, kuba indlu eZaragoz yayiphantsi kokulungiswa.
Usapho bekusiza ubutyebi, Francisco ndingoyena mncinane abazalwana: Senior Camillo kwixesha elizayo waba ngumbingeleli, noTomas, Middle, wahamba ekhondweni likayise waza waba inkosi gilding. Abantwana bafumana imfundo ye-gediocre, uFrancisco wanikela ukufundela kwindibano ye-lusana-I-Martinez.
Umfana akazange aqalise ngokulula izifundo ezakhono zokwenza lula, kodwa wafunyanwa nokucula i-serenade kunye nokuphumeza kwemidaniso ye-spank. UFrancisco wayengumfana ovutha ngumsindo kwaye onekratshi, owaba sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuthatha inxaxheba rhoqo kwizikhephu zesitrato.
Ngenxa yoko, wayenyanzelekile ukuba asiphume kuloo mzi ukuba asinde kwintshutshiso enokubakho eMadrid. Ukusuka kwiworkshop ye-Martineas, uGoya waya kuzisola ngokukhethekileyo. Utitshala akazange azame ukubamba umfana onetalente, kuba yena ngokwakhe wamcebisa ukuba aqhubeke.
Emva kokuhamba, uFrancisco wazama kabini ukufaka iZiko leMfundo, kodwa ekubeni amathamsanqa akazange ancume, umfana uye wabhadula.
Ukupeyinta
Ngexesha lokubhadula kukaGoya watyelela iRoma, iParama kunye neNaples. Ngo-1771, ufumana ibhaso lesibini le-Parm Academy yobugcisa. Ngokweprimiyamu yokuqala, akukho nto yaziwayo ngayo namhlanje. Kodwa le mpumelelo yavumela iFrancisco ukuba ikholelwe ngokwayo, ngenxa yokuba iBhunga leZifundo eMadrid ladibana ngokuthe tye umzobo osemncinci ekuphini kunye nemiboniso.
Ukubuyela kwakhe eZaragozu, uFrancisco ufike ngokwendlela yokupeyinta, oko kukupeyintelwa kwe-fescoes yecawa. Umhlobiso wakhe webhotwe leSebe leBilace kunye neCawe kaEl Gilar yakuzukisa indumiso, eyatyumza i-francisco iphinde yazama ukoyisa imali eyimali kwakhona.
Ukufika ekufikeni eMadrid, uGoya waqala ukusebenza kwiphaneli, iyimfuneko kwikhaphethi yobukhosi be-rolly palder.
Ngaphandle komhlobo we-Bayau ngoJanuwari 22, 1783, uFrancisco wafumana iodolo ebalulekileyo kwi-Floridabanca. Umculi akazange akholelwe kwithamsanqa elihle, kuba ukubhalwa komfanekiso we-velmazisi ophakamileyo wamvumela ukuba enze kakuhle. Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke le nto-enkosi kubalo, osazisa ngoMCWANGCISO kuluntu oluphezulu kwaye unike umntakwabo omncinci, uKumkani akazange afumane i-francisco, ifumana iodolo entsha.
UDon Luis uyalela ukuba azalisekise amalungu osapho lwakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe, uGuya wafumana amawaka eRarlov, kwaye umfazi womculi wafaka impahla yokunxiba ngegolide nesilivere, ixabisa amawaka angama-30.
Ngenxa yoko, uFrancisco Goya uba ngumfanekiso ovunyiweyo waseSpain. Ngo-1786, uFrancisco waba nomdla kuKarl III, waba ngumculi wenkundla. Emva kokubhubha komlawuli, i-spipl yakhe ephumelela iv iv ishiywe i-goyuya isikhundla sayo, esonyukayo ngokunzulu.
Ngo-1795, uFrancisco unyule uMlawuli weHocedial we-Academy yaseSan Fernando. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, umculi wafika phezulu kwi-San-yakhiwa kwi-San yeNkundla yokuqala yeNkundla kaCharles IV.
Ubomi Buqu
Umhlobo kaGoya, umculi uFrancisco Baye, wazazisa kudadewabo. Ubuhle be-blonde ye-josef kunye ne-argon engathandekiyo yawa ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa uFrancisco akazange akhawuleze atshate kwaye agqibe kwelokuba kuphela emva kweendaba zokukhulelwa kwentombazana.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo kukuba umzalwana womfazi ophakathi wayenelungelo lokusebenzela apho umculi asebenza khona. Umsitho oqinisekileyo wenzeka nge-25 kaJulayi 1773. Umntwana ozelwe emva nje kokuba umtshato waphila ixesha elifutshane. Umlingane wazala abantwana abahlanu, eminye imithombo ibonisa inani elikhulu. Wasinda kwinkwenkwe enye egama linguFrancisco Javier Pedro, owaba ngumculi kwixa elizayo.
Nje ukuba uGoya uba sesangqa kumanenekazi enkundla kunye nee-Aristocrats, walibala kwangoko. Ngokungafaniyo nabafazi abaninzi bamagcisa, iqabane alizange lize lize lize lize libe yiFrancisco: Wabhala omnye umzobo womfazi wakhe. Le yindlela engenakwenzeka ukuchaza isimo sengqondo somculi kuye. Ngaphandle koku, uFrancisco wahlala esweleke ekufeni kweqabane ngo-1812.
Le ndoda yayingengomyeni othembekileyo, abanye abantu basetyhini babehlala bekho kubomi bakhe, ukongeza kumfazi wakhe. I-aristocrats ecekeceke i-goya yayine-duchess ye-Aristocrats yeNkundla eseleyo yeKiya. Emva kokwazi nentombazana ngehlobo le-1795, isibini sothando saqala. Kunyaka olandelayo, eli qabane likhulileyo leDuchess lafa, waya eAsalusia. UGoya waya naye: bahlala kunye kwiinyanga ezininzi.
Nangona kunjalo, kwi-biographcoy yaseFrancisco yayikhona isiganeko esingathandekiyo: Ukubuya eMadrid, uAlba washiya umculi, ekhetha emkhosini kwisithuba esiphezulu. UFrancisco wacaphukisa lo mthetho, kodwa ukwahlula-hlula kwavela - Intombazana kungekudala yabuya kuye, inoveli yahlala iminyaka esi-7. Kumele kutshiwo ukuba olu lwalamano aluqinisekiswe nawaphi na amaxwebhu.
Ukufa
Ekuweni kuka-1792, uFrancisco waphosa isigulo esiqatha esiphelela ngenxa yobutyebi obugqibeleleyo. Kwaye ezi ziziphumo ezincinci, yonke into ibinokuhlala imbi kakhulu, kuba umculi wayehlala eziva ebuthathaka, wayekhathazwa ziintloko, waphulukana nenxalenye yecala, ixesha elithile lalilahleko. Abaphandi bacebisa, ezi ziphumo ze-syphilis ezisungulwe ebutsheni. Ukungavangeli kube nzima ubomi bomculi, kodwa akazange abaphazamisene naye ukuba anyamekele abafazi.
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, imeko yomculi yaya mandundu, kwaye umzobo wakhe ungonwabanga. Emva kokusweleka komfazi nomtshato wakhe, unyana kaGoyi bahlala wedwa. Ngo-1819, umculi wemka kwimicimbi kwaye warhoxa endlwini yelizwe "i-quint del sudo". Ukusuka ngaphakathi, upeyinta iindonga ngamanqatha amnyama, yayingumbono wedwa kwaye udiniwe ngobomi bomntu.
Nangona kunjalo, ikamva liye lancuma eFrancisco, wadibana noLokadia de Scec. Bayaphula inoveli enesaqhwithi, ngenxa yoko umfazi waqhawula umtshato nomyeni wakhe.
Ngo-1824, woyika intshutshiso yorhulumente omtsha, umculi ugqiba kwelokuba uye eFransi. Iminyaka emibini wayehlala eBordeaux, kodwa ngenye imini yayinamathele kwiindawo zayo zokuzalwa, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndibuye. Kanye kwi-Madrid ngexesha lencopho yokuphendula emva kwexesha, kungekudala wabuyela eBordeaux.
Umculi waseSpain wasweleka engalweni yakhe kwi-odubule kwizalamane zobusuku bangoAprili 15-16, 1828. UFrancisco uhlala ebuya eSpain kuphela ngo-1919.
Sebenza
- 1777 - "iambrela"
- 1778 - "Umthengisi weZitya"
- 1778 - "Imakethi yeMadrid"
- 1779 - "Umdlalo ePelota"
- 1780 - "inkunzi entsha yenkomo"
- 1786 - "I-Boundlayer Bricklayer"
- 1791 - "Umdlalo kwi-zhmurki"
- 1782-83 - "I-PRORRRAIT yegrafu ye-Driridridablana"
- 1787 - "usapho lweDuna yeOsuna"
- 1787 - "I-Protrait yeMarquise A. Ponhothos"
- 1796 - "UGqr.
- 1796 - "Francisco Bayeu"
- 1797-1799 - "Ukulala kukabuthongo kunika ii-monsters"
- 1798 - UFerdinand Gii Marda
- I-1799- "La Tirana"
- 1800 - "Usapho lukaKumkani sharles IV"
- I-1805 - "I-SABAS Garcia"
- I-1806 - "Isabel i-carp de por"
- 1810-1820 - "Iintlekele Zemfazwe" (uthotho lwe-82 ukrolo)
- 1812 - "Intombazana enejugi"
- 1819-1923 - "USaturn Wadle Unyana Wakhe"
- 1819-1923 - "inja"
- Ngo-1820 - "Prorait T. peres"
- 1823 - "Shabash Wigch"
- Ngo-1828 - "i-Prorait kaJosé PiO de Molina"