Biography
UHenrik Ibsen ligama lokuqala ukuba wonke umntu wenkcubeko uza khumbula kwakamsinya nje ukuba ibule ngoncwadi lwaseNorway. Kodwa umsebenzi wase-Ibsen awuseSorway, kodwa iLifa leMveli leHlabathi. Ukutsala ukuvuselelwa kwenkcubeko yaseNorway, kunye nokuhamba nokunyanga i-Folklore, uMdlali wempangelo washiya ilizwe lakhe iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe. Idlala, emva kwe-Ibsen efunyenwe eJamani wonke umntu, yadalwa eJamani nase-Itali. Kwaye oonobumba be-Ibsen, abaqhutywa ngumbhali kwisakhelo esiqinileyo sebali, babehlala bephila.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Kwintsapho esisityebi ye-Ibsenov ngoMatshi 20, 1828, kwazalwa inkwenkwe eyazalwa ngaye ukuba nguTherrik. Ngo-1836, usapho lwaseIbsenov lwaya ebhankini, kwakufuneka ibeke yonke ipropathi ukuze ihlawule ngababolekisi.
Utshintsho olunjalo lokuhla kwezentlalo lube yintlungu i-henry encinci. Kwaye ngaphambili yayingaphulukiyo ngolwayekele, inkwenkwe yavalwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-serka. Italente ibonakaliswa italente ibonakalisiwe - kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, ibsen yaqalisa ukonwabisa amabala, ngamanye amaxesha inetalente, ngamazwi.
ENorway, mayibe yiminyaka engama-400 ubudala yi-Danish Colony, banokufunda amahlwempu. Kodwa uHenry kwafuneka afumane impilo endaweni yokufunda. Abazali abaneminyaka eli-16 ubudala baneminyaka eli-1843 bathunyelwa kwidolophu yaselumelwaneni yeGrimstad, apho waba ngumfundi kagqirha wakhe.
Umsebenzi wekhemisi akazange aphazamise umsebenzi, ngokuchasene noko, umphefumlo wafuna ukuziqonda. Ngenxa yeendinyana, i-Epigram kunye nenkcitho kubemi ukuya kwi-1847 yeHarrik yafumana ukuthandwa kulutsha oluyinto enkulu.
Emva kwezehlo zohlaziyo eYurophu, i-1848, ibsen yathatha iingoma zezopolitiko kwaye yabhala umdlalo wokuqala "Catina", ongazange udale.
Uncwadi
Ngo-1850, umfana wayesiya kubuKristu (njengoko u-Oslo obizwa ngokuba ngu-Oslo de kwangowe-1924) angena eyunivesithi, kodwa indawo yokufunda yayihlala i-Cancional: Ukufundisa nge-Cawa: Intsebenziswano nephephandaba elisebenzayo kunye nejenali yomfundi.
Kwiminyaka emithathu, amadlala amathathu abhalwa, kwaye kwangalo xesha baqhelene ne-charsonistne björnnson - idlala, i-theatrical kunye noluntu. I-Ibsen ngokukhawuleza yeza naye, kuba bobabini bakholelwa kwimfuno yovavanyo lweNorway.
Ngo-1852, wethamsanqa wajika ubuso kumdaniso oselula - ibsen wamenyelwa kwiBergen, kwi-Theatre yesizwe yokuqala yeNorway, apho wakhonza khona njengomlawuli wobugcisa de kwaba ngu-1857. Imidlalo entsha ye-IBSEn yafumana kwangoko i-sclodament, kwaye yayilithuba lokufunda i-cuisine ye-curicial cuisine, eyavunyelwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba ikhule izakhono zedramative.
Ukususela ngo-1857 ukuya kwi-1862, ibsen yakhokelwa yi-Theatre ye-Innowe e-Innitsia kwaye yalwa nomdlalo weqonga, apho abadlali benziwa khona eDenish, kwaye abadlali bebemi khona. Ewe, kunjalo, khange ayeke ukudala, xa ebhala umdlalo, ethatha i-Sagas yaseNorway. Ngo-1863, xa iHarrik Ibsen yayisele ishiye intloko yentloko, ithende lemidlalo emibini yahlanganiswa ibe nye, kwaye iindibano zahamba kuphela zikwiNorway kuphela.
Umsebenzi owenziwayo we-Swist wawunomnqweno wokuphila ngokuchuma, unenqanaba elifanelekileyo lentlalontle, kubandakanya nokwamkelwa koluntu. Apha, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, nobuntwana obunzima obuchaphazelekayo. Iminyaka enesiqingatha, ibsen yafuna ukufunyanwa kombhali kwiGrart (ipalamente yaseNorway).
Ekugqibeleni, wafumana owufumene ngo-1864, ngoncedo lwabahlobo, ibsen nosapho lwakhe lwaphuma kwilizwe lakhe kwaye bahlala e-Itali. Kule minyaka mibini idale imidlalo emibini, "uphawu" kunye "ne-gunt nganye", yatyalwa kuwo wonke umphefumlo, onke amava aqokelelweyo, obalulekileyo kwaye ubhaliselekile.
"I-Feather Gunta" Danes kunye namaNqunu babona kakubi. UHans I-Muris Anderen wasabela ngomdlalo njengowona msebenzi mbi kakhulu, owakhe wafunda. Gcina imeko yoSylig. Kwaye-Edward Grieg, obhale umculo kumdlalo "kwisigulo ngasinye" kwisicelo somdlalo.
Umsebenzi ongaphezulu we-Ibsen wawa ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yaseNorway sagaging kwindlela yokwenene. Ubugcisa beDrama "Indlu yePupto", "iziporho", "iDude yasendle", "Yakha isono" kunye nezinye izinto zokudlala zithetha malunga neengxaki zentlalo.
Umzekelo, idrama "indlu yepopu" yayilula kwiziganeko zokwenyani. Isihloko esiphambili somsebenzi 'ngumbuzo obhinqileyo ", kodwa kungekuphela nje isikhundla sabafazi esikuluntu siqwalaselwa. Sithetha ngenkululeko yomntu wonke xa ewonke. I-prototype yomlinganiswa ophambili yayinguLauran Kieler - umbhali owayengumhlobo ne-Ibsen, eneneni, ecebise ngeyona ncwadi incinci.
Kwi-bibliography ye-henrick Ibsen, umfundi akafumani zinoveli iinoveli okanye amabali - imibongo, imibongo kunye nemibongo kunye nemidlalo. Khange ashiye impatho kunye needayari. Kodwa imidlalo yangena kwingxowa yegolide yeDramargy yeHlabathi. Iincwadi ezinemisebenzi ye-Ibsen zipapashwa ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye neenjongo zayo kudala zidluliselwe ebantwini.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Ibsen yoncinci yayiyithatyambisi kunye nabasetyhini. Nangona kunjalo, uHenry wayenethamsanqa lokudibana noSusanna Tauresen. Intombi yomfundisi-ntsapho yaba ngumfazi womdlalo ngo-1858, kwaye ngo-1859 ukumkani wazala unyana ka-Ibsen kuphela - uSigurd.
I-Herrik Ibsen ayikaze ibandakanyeke kwizityholo ezinxulumene nobomi bakho. Indalo yokuyila-Abantu abanomdla kwaye bethanta, kwaye i-Ibsen ayifani. Kodwa ngaphandle kwento, uSusanna wasala kuphela umfazi wakhe ekufeni.
Ukufa
Ngo-1891, besaziwa eYurophu, ibsen yabuya kwiindlela zokuzithandela ezathatha iminyaka engama-27. EChrinikia, iHarrik yayihlala iminyaka eli-15, enexesha lokubhala imidlalo emine yokugqibela. Nge-23 kaMeyi, ngo-1906, emva kokugula kakhulu, i-biography yomdlalo waseNorway yagqitywa.
Into ebangela umdla yaxelelwa uGqr. Ngaphambi kokusweleka kwe-Ibsen, izalamane zazihlanganisene kwigumbi lakhe, kwaye umongikazi waphawula ukuba namhlanje isigulana sibukeka sibhetele. I-playwir yatsho ngokucacileyo:
"Ngokuchasene noko!", - kwaye waza wasweleka.Iikowuti
"Uninzi lwabantu luyafa, inene lenene kwaye ungaphili. Ngethamsanqa kubo, abayiboni nje. "Ukuze sone ngokwenyani, ibaluleke kakhulu kule meko." "Abanye abantu bathanda kakhulu ukuba babekho . "I-Bibliography
- I-1850 - "Catina"
- 1850- "Bogatyr Kurgan"
- Ngo-1852 - "Isiqhelo, okanye Uthando Lobupolitika"
- 1853 - ivanov ebusuku
- I-1855 - "fur evela kwi-Estro
- Ngo-1856 - "pier e Sulshauga"
- Ngo-1856 - "Mfazwe eHelgelda"
- Ngo-1857 - "i-ulaf lilykrans"
- Ngo-1862 - "Hlayelekayo Uthando"
- 1863 - "Yilwela itrone"
- I-1866 - "uphawu"
- Ngo-1867 - "Ngokubanzi"
- Ngo-1869 - "Umanyano Lobutsha"
- Ngo-1873 - I-dilogy "Kasare neGalili"
- Ngo-1877 - "iintsika zenkampani"
- Ngo-1879 - "HAYIBA YOPOPET"
- 1881 - "Iziporho"
- 1882 - "UtshaYA LOBOMI"
- I-1884 - "Duck yasendle"
- Ngo-1886 - iRosmersporholmm
- Ngo-1888 - "Mfazi olwandle"
- 1890 - "Gedda Galyr"
- 1892 - "umakhi we-salnes"
- Ngo-1894 - "i-ayolfe"
- Ngo-1896 - "Yun Gabriel Borkman"
- 1899 - "Xa thina, Abafi, Vuka"