Biography
Abazalwana LuMere-Intsomi "Ootata" boShishino lweMiboniso-hilimu, ababevulele indlela eya kwihlabathi le-rinema eluntwini. Bayisusa ingqokelela yefilimu yokuqala kwaye basasaza kwiscreen. Ivenkile ye-friem finestec malunga ne-1800 iitephu zenziwe ngabazalwana abadumileyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Louis Jean noAuguste Louis Marie Nicolas Lymiere bazalwe e-Assonne (France). Utata uCharles-Atoine Lumiere wayengumculi oqeqeshiweyo, kwaye unomdla wokufota. Ngo-1870, intsapho yafudukela eLyon, apho i-Auguis kunye neLouis iphumelele kwiSikolo soBugcisa seLa Martinerere. Emva kokusuka e-Benançon, uJeanne joyistina Kostil Lumiere wazala nomnye unyana uEdward no-Edard.
UCharles-Antoine wavula isityalo esincinci ngemveliso yezixhobo zefoto. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uLouis kunye nomnye woodade basebenza kumzi-mveliso ukusuka ekuseni kude kube ngokuhlwa, utata wosapho uLimiere wasongela ukubhengeza. Ngoncedo luka-Auguste, owabuya emkhosini, ekwazile ukumisela imveliso kwaye ngo-1884 ukuqesha abasebenzi abalishumi elinambini. Ngo-1892, utata wakhe waya ekuphumleni okufunekayo, kwaye sonke isityalo sasisele siphakathi kwabazalwana baseNumiere.
I-cinema
Ngo-1892, uLouis no-Auguste Lumira bathabatha uphuhliso lwezixhobo, ezinokuhlaziya imifanekiso eshukumayo. Babenelungelo elilodwa lezinto ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya ukunqongophala kwefilimu esetyenziselwa ukuthutha kunye nokugcina ifilimu, nangona ekuqaleni le nkqubo yaphunyezwa yi-French Forportor Reino. Kwakuloo nyaka, kwavela isixhobo, ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi elibizwa ngokuba "seCinématography Léon". Umbono wokudala "i-cinema" ye-leon buli.
Ukuphucula izixhobo ze-bulis zithintele ukungabikho kwemali, ke ilungelo lokufumana i-uluhlu lwefowuni ithengisa abazalwana baseToumiere. Babenelungelo lawo ngolwelo ngo-1895. Ifilimu yokuqala yasuswa kwaye yanikezelwa kunyaka omnye.
Umdlalo wabucala wabucala wabucala wenzeka ngo-1895, Matshi 22. Kwi "Mbutho woPhuculo lweShishini leSizwe" kwisixeko saseParis, abantu abangama-200 bahlanganisana kulo msitho. Isihloko esikhulu senkomfa enkulu yayiyifoto yombala, kodwa ingqalelo yababukeli yayikhutshiwe kumfanekiso omnyama nomhlophe.
I-posicary edumileyo "thula abasebenzi abavela kumzi-mveliso" bangenisa ibali njengefilimu yokuqala eboniswe ngabaphulaphuli kwisikrile esikhulu. I-Debut yenzeka ngo-Matshi 22, 1895 ngexesha lenkomfa ngembeko kuphuhliso lwemveliso yefoto eFransi.
Ngendlela, yayingu "ukuphuma kwabasebenzi ovela kumzi-mveliso" Yayiyimbeko yokuvula iqela lefilimu yokuqala, eyayiqhutywa eParis nge-28 kaDisemba ngo-Kapain Boulevard "eGrand Cafe". I-roller encinci ayinayo i-ralricate yelize: kwiifreyimu, abasebenzi abavela kwisakhiwo babonakaliswa. Imisebenzi elandelayo yabazalwana baseLumière yayiziinto ezincinci kubomi benene.
Ifilimu ethi "Ukuzivocavoca" kubalulekile kwisifundo sokukhwela i-cavalryryry eselula ezama ukukhwela ihashe.
Owona mfanekiso ubalulekileyo weLouis kunye ne-Auguste Lumes uqwalaselwa "ukufika koololiwe kwisikhululo esihle saseLa." Ngaphandle kweyelenqe elilula, ifilimu ithandwa kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yembali yabaphulaphuli ngexesha leseshoni. Kwividiyo enye okokuqala, kwavela izicwangciso eziqhelekileyo zegumbi eliqinileyo.
Isikrini esinomtsalane sobukhulu kunye nokuhamba "kwiholo" loliwe woyika iindwendwe zeseshoni. Ukupeyinta "Ukufika koololiwe ukuya kwisikhululo esihle" yenye yeemveliso zokuqala. Abazalwana kunye nabaqhelekileyo bathathe inxaxheba kwifayili. Ifilimu yaboniswa ngonyaka ka-1896.
Imveliso yayisetyenziswa ngo-1895 kumfanekiso othuleyo we "Puff Polyvaler". Ngokutsho kwembono yezityalo ezinkcenkceshela, umgcini wegadi akaqaphesheli inkwenkwe-hooligan, eyayingene kwi-hose. Amanzi ayekile ukubanjwa, kwaye umgcini wegadi ujonge kwi-hose timp. Inkwenkwe isusa umlenze wakhe kunye naye, kwaye amanzi ngoxinzelelo abetha umgcini ebusweni. Unomsindo, uyakroba emva kokubaleka uHooligan.
Indima kwifilimu inyule uMzantsi wegadi uClaire, owayesebenza kwilifa labamemen, unyana womnye wabakhonzi. Inkwenkwe ibizwa ngokuba yi-benoa puva. Icebo lefilimu yayisisiseko semisebenzi emininzi engaphezulu. Umzekelo, kuninzi emva koko, icebo 'lokunkcenkceshela "lasetyenziswa kwisiqwenga' sendoda evela eKapachin Boulevard".
Ifilimu yesixhenxe kwi-movie ehlawulelweyo kwi-Grand Café yaba sisidlo sakusasa esimdaka "ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-augustea, amaqabane akhe kunye neentombi zakhe. Kwisakhelo sesibini esondla umntwana evela kwiSpoon. Le filimu yavela ngo-1895. Intombi kaLumiera ivele emfanekisweni 'iphosa intlanzi ebomvu ".
Ubude befilimu yefilimu nganye yefilimu yayimalunga ne-17 yeemitha, kwaye ixesha elibonisiweyo linqunyelwe kwimizuzwana engama-50: Kuninzi kangangokuba nayiphi na imiboniso yokuqala iyaqhubeka.
Intsomi yentsomi, abazalwana base-Lumiere ngo-1896 babonakalise eLondon, eNew York, bombay. Ngo-1898, uLouis Lumiere uqhubeke nokuzibandakanya ekuphuculeni nasekufundeni izixhobo zefilimu. Qhubeka namava kwicandelo leefoto kunye ne-cinema ngombala.
Ngo-1903, uLouis Longomiem wayenelungelo elilodwayo yi-AUTORAM - indlela efumana imifanekiso efunyanwa imibala. Ukuhlonitshwa kweLouis Lyomira ngo-1914, kwabizwa i-asteroid. Ukuhlonitshwa komenzi wempahla, kukho iprimiyamu yelona gunya lilungileyo.
Ukongeza kokuyilwa kwe "cinema" uqobo, kukholelwa ukuba ngabazalwana ingcinga yeefilimu rhoqo. I-filmography ye-filmografi ye-finema ibandakanya malunga namashumi amahlanu omsebenzi omfutshane wezihloko ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwinkqubo yokufomisha, iindlela ezintsha kunye neendlela zavela. Ngexesha leeseshoni, umculo (i-saxophone okanye ipiyano) ibisoloko ivakala kwiholo.
Kuyaziwa ukuba uLouis no-Augususte Lumiera kwaye abakwazanga ukucinga malunga nokuba loluphi uhlobo oluya kuthatha "i-cinema" yazo. Babekholelwa ukuba yayingumtsalane owonwabisayo onokwenza inzuzo.
Ngo-1919, uLouis Limiere waba lilungu leSayensi yeSayensi. Lilo lonke ixesha ekusebenzeni kunye nabazalwana bakaCinema bahamba malunga ne-1800 imisebenzi.
Ubomi Buqu
Igama lomfazi we-Auguste Lyupber -Margaret WinCler. Ngokwasemthethweni umtshato wabhaliswa ngo-1893. Abantwana ababini bazalwa emtshatweni: intombi ka-Andre nonyana kaHenri.
Intombazana yaya embalini ngonaphakade, njengoko ibonakala kwimigangatho yefilimu yokuqala. Ngo-1914, wabulawa ngumkhuhlane. UHenry ngaphambi kokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II II II yaqhubeka nemeko yabazalwana baseNumiere. ULouis wayetshatile nodade womfazi ka-Augususte, enyuke.
Ukusweleka kwabazalwana baseLumiere
Ngo-1948, nge-6 kaJuni, uLouis Lioiere wasweleka, ngo-Epreli 10, 1954 - Auguste. I-LYON yintsapho yokungcwaba kwi-Guilaty entsha.
Ukusweleka kwabafundi baseFransi yaseFransi kuhlala kungabhalwa ngokweenkcukacha kwimithombo. Emva kokufa, abazalwana abangamaNqaku bashiya ilifa elikhulu.
Ngo-1960, yinkwenkwezi kwi "I-Allelel yozuko" iHollywood ibonakale kwimbeko yabangeneleli. Ukongeza, amatye asungulwa eLyon naseLa Gichote, nakwi-Yekaternburg.
Ixesha elide, "iBhanki yeFrance" ivelise i-Bibnotes yomfanekiso wabazalwana baseNumiere, ka-1995, ngenxa yesikrelemnqa esikhulu sembali, kwaye ukumiswa kumiswa. Oku kungenxa yeenkcukacha zesiquphe ekusebenzisaneni 'kootata' kwi-cinema ngolawulo lwentsebenzo ye-vichy kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
I-filmography
- I-1895 - "I-Puffeed Puffer"
- I-1895 - "Iworkshop kwi-LA intle"
- Ngo-1895 - "Abasebenzi abaphumayo abavela kumzi-mveliso"
- Ngo-1895 - "isidlo sakusasa"
- Ngo-1895 - "ukubamba igolide yegolide"
- Ngo-1895 - "Blacksmiths"
- Ngo-1895 - "Ukuhlamba kwaselwandle"
- Ngo-1895 - "Ukufika koliwe kwisikhululo esihle"
- Ngo-1896 - "Umdlalo webhola wekhephu"