Biography
Ungene "kubabhali bemifanekiso enkulu ye-troika" kwi-animek asimov no-Arthur Clark. Ukuphindaphindeka okuphindaphindiweyo "i-hugo" kunye "kubandakanya". Igama lakhe ngu-Asteroid kunye neMartian Crater. Lo nguRobert Heiniline, umbhali waseMelika, ophembelela indlela ixhala lesayensi libonakala ngayo ngoku.Ubuntwana noLutsha
URobert Enon Jaintain wazalwa kwidolophu yaseButler, eMissouri, Julayi 7, 1907. Abazali bakhe babenabantwana abasixhenxe, Robert-owesithathu. Intsapho yayihlala kwindlu yendlu yabazali, ngelixa inkwenkwe ingabi yiminyaka emithathu ubudala. Kanye ngelo xesha utata wakhe wafumana umsebenzi kwisixeko saseKansas, kwaye usapho lwafudukela apho.
Ngaphezu kweminyaka emine, uRobert wayehlala kutat'omkhulu, wada wasweleka. Utat'omkhulu uAlvay Lyle wazisa usana olukhulu kwintsomi elizayo, esenza uthando lokufunda kunye neeSayensi ezichazayo. URobert, emva kwememori katat'omkhulu, edla ngokubalisa i-Alias eLyle Mose Moroe, xa wayeqala umsebenzi wombhali.
Ngo-1920, wangena kwiSikolo seSekondari esiPhambili, uRobert waba nomdla kwi-Astrolonomy. Ithiyori yendaleko yaseCharles Darwin yamchukumisa kwaye ibonakalisiwe kubuchule obulandelayo. Umthandi wokucombulula imisebenzi engeyiyo esemgangathweni kwiMathematics, lo mfana usebenzise into oyithandayo kamva, umzekelo, ebalini "... kwaye wakha i-domishko."
Emva kwesikolo, uHeinline wagqiba kwelokuba adibanise ubomi obungaphezulu kunye nezithuthi. Ukwenza oku, kwakuyimfuneko ukungena kwi-Nanaval Academy, eyaba ngumceli mngeni. Okokuqala, ukuze ufumane ithuba lokuhamba kwiimvavanyo zokwazisa, kwakuyimfuneko ukukhusela amanye amalungu eSenethi okanye iCongress.
Okwesibini, iZiko leMfundo lathatyathwa ngomnye wosapho, umntakwabo-robert wayeselefundi. Umfana kwafuneka asebenze nzima ukuqokelela iingcebiso ezinzima, wathsa waya kwiSenator James A. Marda ngethemba lenkxaso. Kangangonyaka, uSenator wafumana oonobumba abali-100 abavela kwizicelo ze-Annapolilis Academy, ezingama-50 kuzo-ukusuka kwi-heineline.
Ke ngo-1925, uRobert waphumelela kwaye waqala ukufunda ngenzondelelo. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, ephelela ngeziko lemfundo, lo mfo wayeyintshatsheli ekubinweni, ukugqobhoza nokudubula, kwaye waba mashumi amabini kwisikhundla sabantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabini. Kwaye ndingaba sesahlulo sesihlanu, kodwa silahlekile ngenxa yeengxaki zoqeqesho. Kude kube ngo-1934, uRobert wakhonza kwinqanawa, emva koko wanyanzelwa ngenxa yesifo sephepha ukuba ahambe ngomsebenzi.
Uncwadi
Isithsaba esikhulu saseRussia sahlula ubomi obuyilwayo be-creayine yexesha. Nangona kunjalo, abo basebenza nabo phesheya bakhetha ukuthintela ukwahlukana, njengoko kuhlala kukho imisebenzi esondeleyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo.
I-Novel yokuqala yeRobert Haineline - "thina, thina," abuyisi ukuba akaphumelelanga. Intsomi yesayensi yaqala ukubhala amabali apho umjikelo "waphakama. I-XX inkulungwane yaphuma ngokungafaniyo nombhali, kodwa ngo-1980s wadala umjikelo wehlabathi njengentsomi echaza kwaye elungisa ukungangqinelani kwenyani.
Inoveli yokuqala eyapapashwa ngo-1947 "inqanawa ye-galileo yenqanawa". Ekuqaleni, inoveli yayingafuni kuprinta, njengoko intsimi yokubaleka iyonga ibonakala ingafanelekanga. Kodwa intsomi yesayensi isawufumene umshicileli kwaye waqalisa ukukhulula incwadi unyaka ngonyaka, emva koko wangena kumjikelo wolutsha.
Ezi ncwadi zinomdla kumfundi wayo nayiphi na iminyaka, ilula kwaye ilula kwaye igcina ubume, kodwa hayi ngokwakho. Ayisoloko ifana nabaqeshwa. Umzekelo, "kwiPlanethi ebomvu", umhleli akazange ayithande indlela yokufuya phakathi kwabemi kunye nento yokuba ulutsha lungabalizi ngezixhobo.
Idunyisiwe phakathi kwabathandi beentsomi "(1956) kunye" nommi wegalari "(1957). Owokuqala akazange aqatshelwe njengeyona inoveli yentsingiselo yesayensi.
Kwi-50s, iRobert Saindoline yaqhekeza ngendima yombhali wabantwana abakwishumi elivisayo. Oku kwenzeke kwi-Novel "Inkwenkwezi ethi" Ukuphendula nge-Peclalication kwifowuni kwiimvavanyo ze-nyclere ngokuyeka. Emva koko, inoveli yombhali yatyholwa ngomkhosi.
Ukususela ngo-1961, uRobert wabhala kubaphulaphuli abadala kwaye watshintsha kakhulu i-NF ngokwayo. Wathandwa kakhulu kwaye wamkelwe njenge ntsimi eyandiphawula malunga nokufika kwe-astronauts kwinyanga yokoqobo ku-1969.
I-Heiniline ye-helline ingengumbono omnye, owathi kamva waba nguCliché wohlobo lwe-NF. Umzekelo, umbono wabaphambukeli kwimihlaba yomhlaba, ukuthoba intando yabo kunye nengqondo ", njengakwinoveli". Inoveli "ioyile yelizwe lomnye umntu", eyayinegama lokusebenza ", iheetik", uHeiniline wabhala ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 kwaye watyala imali kwiplaginions. Emva kopapasho lwenoveli, isibetho senzekile ngenxa yokungahambelani nemifanekiso yomfanekiso wenkolo kunye nesondo.
Ngeminyaka yee-1960, intsomi yesayensi ibuyele kuhlobo lwe-fantasy, ngokusetyenziswa kweekheno ezibhale nge-1940 zamabali. "Indlela ye-var's" (1963) kuphela kwento "ecocekileyo" kuphela yombhali. I-SATIRA, i-Anti-Nilegia, iFilosofi yeFilosophy yongezwa kumsebenzi kamva. Umbhali wayesebenza iminyaka engama-48 ubudala, kwaye ngoku i-bibliography ye-bibliography ineenoveli ezingama-32 nemisebenzi emininzi emincinci, kubandakanya amabali angama-59.
Kukho iifilimu ezi-4 kwi-heineline: "Ukuvala ukubetha", "inyanga" (esekwe kwi-Novel "inqanawa"), "Patrol yeXesha" (ngokusekwe kwi-ZOMBIE ") kwaye" uphephe ". Kwezi, kuphela abanokubizwa ngokuba kukukhutshwa, kuba kwezinye iimeko kwaye abalawuli babetolikwa ngokukhawuleza yinjongo yombhali.
Ubomi Buqu
Okokuqala ngqa, i-heninin idityaniswa nomtshato ngo-1929 no-Elinor curry, uqhelekile kuye esikolweni. Ukutshata kwahlukana nge-1930ti. U-Elinor wayengafuni ukushiya isixeko semveli, kwaye inkonzo yasemkhosini yeRobert ayizange ichaze i-itewar. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, iSayensi yeSayensi yexesha elizayo iphinde yatshata-kwimfazwe yezopolitiko kunye nomfazi ongaqhelekanga uLeslin McDonald.
Ukugqiba kwakhe umsebenzi wemikhosi ngenxa yokugula, uRobert ngokungenisa iqabane elibandakanyekileyo kwimisebenzi yezopolitiko eyayiphethe intlalontle yentlalo. Ke, ngo-1938, wazama ukuya kwindibano yowiso-mthetho, engaphumelelanga.
Ngexesha lemfazwe, uRobert wadibana neVirginia Gershendfeld. Ekuqaleni, yena, nangona wayethandana, wayengafuni ukutshabalalisa umtshato noLeslin, kodwa baqhawule umtshato ngo-1947, xa ubunzima obunxulunyaniswa notywala baqala. Emva konyaka, watshata eVirginia.
Lo mtshato wajika waphumelela kakhulu - amaqabane ahlala kunye iminyaka engama-40. Umfazi wanceda inyani kwaye wamxhasa, enike izimvo, wayengumfundi wokuqala, kunye nomphathi, kunye nonobhala.
Ngeminyaka yee-1970 izisa ingxaki kumbhali-ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini waphathwa kwi-peritonitis. Ngo-1978, emva kokuhlaselwa okunzima kwentliziyo ye-ISCHIA, i-Hineine yathatha i-coronary. Ishukumise imisebenzi embalwa, amanqaku abhale iinoveli ezintlanu. Kwaye ngo-1983 waya eAntarctica, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba atyelele onke amanye amazwekazi.
Ukufa
Ngo-1987, impilo kaHeinlan yaba mandundu, yayifuna ukhathalelo olusisigxina. URoberta neVirginia kwafuneka bashiye indlu yabo eBonnie dun kwaye bafudukele kwidolophu yaseKarmel. Meyi 8, 1988 URobert Heinine wasweleka ephupheni. U-Emfysema waphazamisa i-biography yombhali wesayensi edumileyo. Yayitshisiwe, kwaye uthuli lusasazwe kumaza ePasifiki.
Emva kokusweleka kombhali, ngo-1989, umfazi wakhe wakhupha ingqokelela yokuqokelela "ingqumbo engcwabeni", efake imbalelwano kunye nabapapashi. Kumqokelelo wowe-1992: Irhafu kwinkumbulo yeNkosi "yangena kumabali okuqala engashicilelwanga ngexesha lobomi bombhali.
Ngo-2003, inoveli yokuqala "thina, siphila", sibhalwe ngo-1939 saza saqwalaselwa. Kwaye ngokuqala kwe-Intanethi, iifoto zikaRobert Heinzayna, indalo yakhe kunye neekowuti zakhe kunye neekowuti ezinkulu ezivela kwiincwadi zeNkosi enkulu yesayensi yafumaneka kubo bonke.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1941 - "abantwana baseMalfail"
- Ngo-1942 - "Apho, ngaphaya"
- Ngo-1947 - "i-galileo rocket inqanawa
- Ngo-1948 - "Isithuba seCadet"
- Ngo-1949 - "iplanethi ebomvu"
- Ngo-1950 - "Umlimi ezulwini"
- Ngo-1951 - "Abapheki"
- Ngo-1951 - "phakathi kweeplanethi"
- Ngo-1952 - "I-Space Sport Stones"
- Ngo-1953 - "I-Astronaut jones"
- Ngo-1954 - "irhasi yenkanyezi"
- Ngo-1955 - "I-Tunnel esibhakabhakeni"
- Ngo-1956 - "Inkwenkwezi ephindwe kabini"
- Ngo-1956 - "Ixesha Leenkwenkwezi"
- Ngo-1956 - "Umnyango wehlobo"
- Ngo-1957 - "Ummi weGalari"
- Ngo-1958 - "Kuya kubakho i-jade- kuya kubakho uhambo"
- Ngo-1959 - "Inkwenkwezi Yaseka"
- Ngo-1961 - "smsemzini kwilizwe langaphandle"
- Ngo-1963 - "Ukungcungcutheka kwendalo"
- Ngo-1963 - "Indlela yeVarner"
- Ngo-1963 - "I-Martian Podkin"
- Ngo-1964 - "i-Farnokm
- Ngo-1966 - "Inyanga - Harsh Hostess"
- Ngo-1970- "Andinguye ophumeleleyo" ("edlula kwintili ye-posiwal")
- Ngo-1973 - "lixesha elaneleyo lothando"
- Ngo-1979 - "Inani lerhamncwa"
- Ngo-1982 - "Lwesihlanu"
- Ngo-1984 - "Imisebenzi, okanye Ukugculelwa Kwesesikweni"
- Ngo-1985 - "I-CAT idlula kwiindonga"
- Ngo-1987 - "ukuthoba ukutshona kwelanga"
- 2003 - "Siphila"