Biography
"Iminyaka emibini ndankqonkqoza iwaka lamawaka.Ke ukumkani woMcoki-ntsapho waseYurophu wagxotha uJames waphendula ngomsebenzi wakhe woluntu othengisa i-Encyclopedia yabantwana besikolo. Emva koko wayeneminyaka eli-19 ubudala, wayesele njengokuba intando kayise yaphosa umfundi wezilwanyana, kwaye lowo usebenza nabo wenzayo wayemazi phantsi kwegama - URuby Reimiond.
Kodwa ukusondela kwizamibhalo zokubhala kunye ne-kaleidoscope engapheliyo yabantu kunye nabalinganiswa ekugqityweni, bezama ukuthengisa iincwadi, bawenza umsebenzi wabo. Ku-32, wakhulula inoveli yokuqala: Umcuphi "akukho archids ze-puschin" iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuyiselwe i-boofellers. Uyilo lwalunomdla ngumthengisi weencwadi, kwaye kungekudala umhlaba wamqonda phantsi kwegama elinguJames He heedley Chase. I-bibliography yombhali ineenoveli ezingama-93, eyokugqibela eza kuphuma kunyaka ongaphambi kokuba afe.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
URey Reimiond wazalwa kwikomkhulu le-Great Britain kususela kwiKrisimesi yamaKatolika ka-1906. Utata wakhe, owayesakuba sesolokimi yemikhosi yasebukhosini eIndiya, ngelo xesha warhoxa kwaye wabandakanyeka kwisayensi. UFrancis Reimiond ngaphambi kwe-1912 entloko kwiKholeji yeZilwanyana ye-Bengal, emva koko waseka ilabhoratri yophando.
UFrancis waphupha ukuba unyana wakhe uza kukhetha umsebenzi kwisayensi. URena wanikwa ukuba ufunde kwiZiko laMazikhulu leMfundo - isikolo sasebukhosini eRochester, esekwe ngonyaka wama-604 ngabefundisi. Kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngenkxaso katata, lo mfana wathatha i-bacteriology - ukufundisisa amarabi, awayeyichithe, efuna uhambo lokuya eCalcutta, kwaye eneminyaka eli-18 wayishiya indlu.
Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wesayensi uReve akazange wenzeke. Ukuphosa uqeqesho, wadla ngokusebenza njengomabhalana ebhankini, emva koko waqeshwa ngeencwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe ibandakanya ukuthengisa kwekota ye-Encyclopedia yabantwana edalwe ngu-Arthur mi. Ukuqhelana nodidi lwabathengi banika igalari engapheliyo yabalinganiswa abaya kumbhali wexesha elizayo, kwaye amava akhe ayekhutshiwe kubalinganiswa abasebenza kurhwebo "ukusuka emnyango ukuya emnyango."
Uncwadi
Ukufunda okuqeshiyo, kwazi iiNtembi zabaphulaphuli, i-reymound ityhila i-niche yokuthembisa ngobuchule bokuyila - ngamabali ee-gangster. I-Novel yokuqala - "akukho richids yokuphosa i-fungerish" - Udala kwiveki ezintandathu ngeveki ye-1939. Andikaze ndenzekile kumbhali wase-US, impepha yakhe yandise ibali leqela lemigulukudu yaseMamash Barker kwaye wabhala incwadi, kusetyenziswa amakhadi kunye nezichazi-magama kuphela.
Imveliso ye-Debut ngoko nangoko yaba ngumveleli weyona ndlela ilungileyo, kwaye kungekudala uRemond oneminyaka engama-32 ubudala ufumana isibonelelo sokudibanisa isicatshulwa se-London West Estheyithi yethiyetha. UGeorge Orwell uphendule kwinoveli, uqonda inoveli kwinqanaba lokuziphatha. Uye wagxininisa ukuba le ncwadi ithi "American" ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga kungekuphela ulwimi, kodwa nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha evumela ukuzithethelela kogonyamelo.
Imbali yeLizwe iMiss Remonish Remond ipapashwe phantsi kwe-puududugungeym, okuninzi okunikezwe igama lombhali waseMelika kunegama lakhe lokwenyani kunye nefani. Phambi kwemfazwe, abantu abahlanu abacuphi adalwa nguJames babekhokelwa kukusukela. Ngo-1941, umbhali wajoyina uluhlu lweenqwelomoya zase-UK. Ngo-1944, yagxothwa kwinkonzo ekwinqanaba lenqwelo moya.
Kude kube ngo-1945 ukuhlelwa kwemagazini yemikhosi yobukhosi, yaye ngo-1946 wanceda ekupapasheni "umlingisi". Igama elisekuqaleni lithetha indawo encitshisiweyo, edalwe emva kwenqwelomoya. Iimali ezivela kwintengiso yengqokelela ziye kwi-UK yoMsebenzi woMoya we-UK.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ibali le-rammond "isibuko kwigumbi lama-22" singene kwiAnthologlogy. Umbhali ushiye umxholo we-gangster owuthandayo kwaye ugxile kwimfihlakalo, echaza isibuko esingaqondakaliyo, apho umntu ongamaziyo abonakaliswe ngamaxesha ngamaxesha. Izinto ze-mysticism ziqulathe i-Inves yokuqala ye-Noves.
Ukushiya inkonzo ku-James Chase ubhale ezinye iincwadi, ngokusekwe kumabali e-gangster, kodwa emva kweNoveli yeshumi, kodwa emva kweNoveli yeshumi kwi-Bibliography - "I-Blondes yeFonder" - ithatha isigqibo sokubhekisa kwisihloko solwaphulo-mthetho lweLondon. Mhlawumbi negalelo kule tyala lilahlekileyo. Ngokwemithetho kaMbhali waseMelika uRammond chandlera, inkundla iyawamkela ithemba lokuphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela - i-plagiviarism ifumaneka nje kwi "Glondees". Chase unyanzelo ukuba uza kucela uxolo loluntu.
Ngokwalo, isizathu esifanayo okanye enye incwadi ethi "Amadoda amakhulu Angakumbi", umbhali uvakalisa isibonelelo se-UMbouz phantsi kwePseutymm entsha. Kwakhona, iincwadi zipapashwa phantsi kwegama laseMsusta Marshall. Ngo-1948, ukuqhubeka komphengululi ekuthinjweni kwento yokuthambisa "inyama yenyama". URey Reimiond uba ngomnye wababhali baseYurophu abaneziqhamo: iincwadi ezingama-3-4 zipapashwa ngonyaka.
Ngo-1951, inoveli ibonakala 'kwaye ubomi bufutshane, isenzo esasenzayo kwimfazwe yaseBritani enkulu. Icebo lihambelana nomgca wothando phakathi komlinganiswa ophambili - umfoti ongacacanga-kunye nesela elingenakuphikiswa, lilungele yonke into ngemali. Le ncwadi yaphuma phantsi kwe-raymond marshall.
Idramatity ye-plots ye-prots ye-chase itsala i-cinemas. Uluhlu lwezikhuselo luyagcwaliswa kunye nefilimu yomabonwakude ukusuka kulwimi ezintathu "ezidubulayo", yadutyulwa kwi-USSR kwincwadi ethi "liphela epokothweni yakho." Umfanekiso ka-Andris Berzins uphuma ngo-1983. Ngokungafaniyo nomthombo woncwadi wenza iminyaka engama-24 ngaphambili, ifilimu malunga nomphangi waseGinny Gordon oququzelelayo iqulethe umxholo wentlalo ophuhlisiweyo.
Ngo-1960, utyelelo lombhali ukutyelela iMpuma Ekude. Ichukunyiswe eYurophu, ukubuyela eYurophu, wenza iinoveli zeLotus ngenxa yokuphoswa yi-KPON kunye "nebhokisi" ukusuka eHong Kong ". Kwangelo xesha, uMckisti "waseNtshona", oya kuthi azikhuselwe eHollywood emva kweminyaka engama-38. Ngokutyhilwa intatheli ityholwa intatheli kwidrama yolwaphulo-mthetho "Palmetto" iya kudlala iHardolson, kwaye inkampani iya kudlala i-Elizabeth Shu, i-Gina Gershon emva koko iqaqa kwe-chloe chloe shloe shloe shigery.
Kwi-60s, uJames Chase wenza iinoveli ezingama-20, kuquka "i-sulture inomonde". Kwibali, iqela labaphangi liza kuyiba iringi ye-borgia ngomnini wendlu enobutyebi, eyayindlu yayo ikwizinqwaba zehlathi lase-Afrika. Umbhali wagcina isigqi somsebenzi wakhe de kwakukubulawa ekufeni, ukukhulula iincwadi ezi-1 ngonyaka.
Ubomi Buqu
UJames Chase atshutshise elinye i-Debut. Umtshato noSilvia Rey wagqiba xa wayeneminyaka engama-25 ubudala. Isibini esikhulise unyana wakhe. Ngo-1956, umbhali wathutha usapho ukuya eFransi, emva kweminyaka eli-13 wafudukela kunye nenkosikazi yakhe eSwitzerland. Bahlala kufutshane neLake egevie.
Incwadi ethi "Intatheli Cade" Umbhali wanikezela iqabane. Kwisicatshulwa sokuqalisa, wabiza "uNobhala, umgcini, umguquleli, umqhubi, umqhubi kunye nesandla sakhe sasekunene" kwaye waphaphela ngobubele noSylvia.
Inyaniso enomdla: Umbhali akazange aphulaphule umculo weklasikhi, kodwa wayehlala etyelele i-opera. Kwaye okuseleyo phakathi kokubhalwa kweencwadi kugxotha ukuqokelelwa kweemodeli zeMeccano.
Ukufa kukaJames
Inkosi yomphetho yaseYurophu yasweleka ngoFebruwari 1985 ekhaya eAscona (eSwitzerland). Wayeneminyaka engama-78 ubudala. Wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba esixekweni, apho amangcwaba eJames Joyce noThomas Mann nakwenzeka.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1939 - "hayi i-orchids yokuphosa i-bluundish"
- Ngo-1939 - "Akasayifuni"
- Ngo-1940- "12 iTshayina nentombazana"
- Ngo-1941 - "I-Couslagan ye-callagan ihamba ngentlungu"
- Ngo-1944 - "Miss Shamawaway waza i-wand ye-zungu"
- Ngo-1945 - "EVA"
- Ngo-1948 - "inyama ye-orchid"
- Ngo-1950 - "Mallory"
- Ngo-1951 - "Kodwa ubomi bufutshane!"
- Ngo-1954 - "ngokuhlwa ngaphandle kwendlu"
- Ngo-1957 - "Souvenir kwiKlabhu" yeMuskwateer Club "
- Ngo-1959 - "umhlaba wonke kwipokotho yakho"
- Ngo-1962 - "ICOFFIN evela eHong Kong"
- Ngo-1966 - "intatheli ye-CAD"
- Ngo-1974 - "Intlanzi yegolide akukho ndawo yokufihla"
- Ngo-1982 - "Ukufa Wahamba kunye nabo"
Iikowuti
Abantu bayakuthanda aboni abaguqukayo. Zichukumisekile zizinto ezingaphezulu kwamaqhawe. Yonke into ixabisa amaphupha kunye nethemba lokuphila ngalo lonke ixesha. Akasoze wazi ukuba yeyiphi na iZidalwa ezihlekisayo, kwaye bahlala bengayazi loo nto. Batshintsha imozulu rhoqo kunomsila we-lizard. Andiyithandi i-lizard ukuba abasetyhini baphambi kwabo nangayo nantoni na.Ukukhusela
- Ngo-1983 - "I-MAK" (kwinoveli "ilizwe liphela kwipokotho yakho")
- 1990 - "ethathwa yingozi" (ngokwenoveli "ecaleni kwesk '
- 1992 - "I-Casino" (kwinoveli ", sithandwa sam ...")
- Ngo-1992 - "sniper" (kwinoveli "bullet ebunzini")
- Ngo-1998 - Palmetto (kwinoveli "yasentshona")