Biography
UJean Coctat wabizwa ngokuba yi-French Version ye-Oscar Wilde: i-ofisi efanayo yesondo, i-cardrobe etyebileyo kunye nenani elikhulu le-athorisms. Umbhali kunye nomphathi bajikeleza ngendlela yobomi benkcubeko yaseParis, entywila kwi-dadalism entsha kunye ne-Dadadasm, egciniweyo ngotshintsho lwe-rypnotic etyhutyha-kwi-opium kunye namaphupha atyhidiweyo. UJean waphosa ngokugqithisileyo, kodwa wahlala engumculi onzulu owayezama ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo yaphakade.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UJean wazalwa kwidolophu yaseMeson-Luffit phantsi kweParis kusapho labantu abakhusela, bebexhaphakile. Utata, owenza umsebenzi ongumsebenzi, wapeyinta kakuhle kwinqanaba lama-Amateur. Xa unyana wafumana iminyaka eli-9 ubudala, wazisa u-Acus ngobomi. Umnyhadala wamanqwanqwa enzonzobileni womphefumlo waqubukisa uJean omncinci, kwixesha elizayo uya kubiza "intanda yam" kwaye uya kwenza esi sihloko semisebenzi emininzi.
Utat'omkhulu wayekhulisa kwaye esenza umntwana, esenza umzukulwana kwenye yeendlela ze-lyropolitan ezilungileyo kakhulu. Le ndoda yahamba i-connoisseur yomculo, icwangciswe kwiikonther zeekotshiwa, yayingumqokeleli-kubandakanya intlanganiso yezixhobo zomculo, ipeyinti nguEzheen Delactroix kunye neJean Efra, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yesiGrike.
Indalo
UJean Cocteo nge-feervoed the theres kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. Ndizame indima yembongi kunye neprose, imvumi kunye nomculi, imikhosi yazamile kwi-cinema.
I-Creagraphy Bibley yaseKoketo ichanekile. Njengoko imbongi yenza ukuba i-Debut yakhe ngo-1906, imibongo yokuqala yesikringi "," inkosana yase-Alladina "," uSofokla Dance "uphume kwiintsiba. Imibongo umbhali wajonga isiseko sobugcisa, ingqokelela yaya kubo bonke ubomi. Ezona ncwadi zidumileyo- "Dictionary", "Leon", "isingqisho esisiGrike".
Kwiqokelelo "Opera", imbongi inika irhafu yokwaleka, kwaye injongo ye-Dadaism ilandelwa kwindinyana. Ekutshoneni kwelanga, uJean Coctao wayebonakala efunekile, edale lo mbongo "udale lo mbongo" u-jeeriem "ngonyaka" ongunyaka ngaphambi kokufa, emanyene elona candelo liphambili lobuchule bombhali.
Kwisangqa se-ART, umfana weza phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1910. Ndiqhelene kwaye ndasondela kwi-Piptom yaseMarseille, ePablo Picasso, eric sati, e-Edith piaf. Kude kube lelo xesha, uJean waphosa ubugcisa beCLAST, kodwa phantsi kwempembelelo ye-PRUP neSergey Dyagileev eqalise ukuhlaziya izimvo. Umbhali kunye nomdlali weqonga obizwa ngokuba yi-cocteo ukuba asebenze ne-ballet yeRussia. Ngenxa yoko, uJean wabhala i-goltotto ngale goupe. Ukufana, imisebenzi yazalwa ngokudlala kunye nakwabanye iholo loothithi.
Ngo-1913, uJean waqhelana nomsebenzi we-Igor Stravinsky, wangena kwisangqa sabahlobo bomqambi odumileyo. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva wazinikezela igor mikilovich incwadi ethi "UPotinga".
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwidrama akuchaphazeli ngaphandle kwezikrelemnqa. I-Cockto iphawula ukuqala kokusekwa kweentolongo zohlobo olutsha, olubonisa imeko "elahlekileyo", kwaye zonke izithethe zikhanyele. Ke, kwi-tendem ene-eccercrictic sati kunye nePicasso, eJean ngo-1917 wazisa i-vanguard aval-gallet "parade". Okokuqala ngqa kwiposta, kwavela igama elingusasazo. Izinto zezemidlalo kunye ne-acrobatics zasetyenziswa.
Ukucinga kombhali kwasekwa phantsi kwempembelelo ye-SATI. I-Kooketo ibizwa ngokuba ngumculo womqambi ilula kwaye iyaqondakala, uthando lokuba imvumi ibonakalisiwe kwincwadi ethi "I-roster kunye neHarlequin." Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwe-20s, i-Avad-Gards sele igxekwe kwi-essay "call yocwangco".
UJean wayenomdla kwi-jeanthology ye-antique, yaqala ukubhala kwakhona iiplani ze "Antigona", "Tsar Dip", "Imoto yemoto" ukuya endleleni entsha. Eyona ibaluleke kakhulu, ngokomphambukeli, yayiyintsomi ye-AEE. Lo mdlalo sisiqu somlo wobuchule bombhali.
Kwangelo xesha, imbongi ijika ibe yiprosesi - umsebenzi wokuqala waba nguNoveli "Samozenaya u-Samozvanaya", apho uJean wabelana ngemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Inyaniso enomdla: Akukho zinto zinjalo kwimibhalo yakhe kuluhlu oluza kwahluka omnye komnye-imixholo kunye nemifanekiso ebhadula yincwadi encwadini. Nangona kunjalo, inkomfa ifanele abantwana '(ngo-1929), apho amaqhawe abhubhile, kwaye akukho thuba lokudlula ngaphaya kwe "iparadesi yabantwana eluhlaza yothando lwabantwana."
Phambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, isikhululo esibonakalayo sokukhanya kwi-fast "isinikezeli esingathandekiyo 'esinikezelwe kwi-Edith piaf. Inkulumbuso yomdlalo yenzeka kwi "Buff-Parisis" ithiyer Theatre. Ngexesha lemfazwe kunye namaNazi, uJean wahlulahlula kwinto yokuba kunovelwano oluvulekileyo kuHitler kwaye wenza ii-odolo zabahlali. Kwidayari ubhale:
"E-Hitler, sinembongi enganikezelwanga ukuqonda abantu abaninzi."Ngokubanzi, ngexesha leKhowudi yeHlabathi yesibini, wasebenza enesiqhamo, ekhulule iincwadi ezimbini kwaye efaka iipleyiti ezintlanu.
Kwisangqa semidla yomFrentshi oquka umzobo. Wazibonakalisa njengocwangciso olunetalente. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yama-20, i-albham yamakhiwane amakhiwane, eyaqala ngethi:
"Iimbongi azipeyinti. Babonakala ngathi bayayikhupha umbhalo wabo kwaye bayibophe ngenye indlela. "I-Coco ithelekiswa nomzobo wombhali-wazama ukutshintshela ephepheni engabonwayo, kodwa enamava akhe. Ukuphumelela ikakhulu kuhlobo lwe-potraic.
Kwakububomi bukaJean Kokito obaluleke ngakumbi apho wanika amandla kunye neemvakalelo. Le yi-cinema. Indoda ngokwakhe yabhala ikwimeko eyenziwa ngumlawuli. Umfanekiso wokuqala wegazi lembongi wasuswa ngo-1930, ebeka ukuqala kohambo kwisandi malunga nemvumi kunye nembongi ye-orphey. Intshukumo yentsomi ibanjwe okwangoku.
Emva koko ndahlala phantsi kungqimba lomphathi emva kwemfazwe. Umbhali wadala ifilimu esekwe kwi-fale "ubuhle kunye nerhamncwa", limema kwindima ephambili yoSuku lweJosette noJean Mare. I-filmography iquka ukupeyinta "Ukhozi olunentloko-ntloko", "abazali ababi", kunye nokuqhubeka kohambo "kunye" ne-teta ka-orta's ". I-tepi yokugqibela ibalulekile kwinto yokuba lo ngumboniso wombhali kwaye uxhaswe ngemali nguFrancois Truuffo, i-fan ye-cokto.
Umlawuli opaswe kulo ukholo lwedrama kwinto yokuba izibuko ziyinto eyenye imilinganiselo, uncedo lokungena ngexesha kunye nendawo. Umfanekiso we-orphesus waqubisana ne-jean efanayo jean. Iqhawe lihlala kwindlu yelizwe kunye nenkosikazi yakhe ithandekayo i-Euridic, edlalwa nguMarie Dea.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba uJean wazisa ifilimu yokugqibela. Baba yitephu emfutshane "Umyalezo kaJean Cocteau, ubhekiswa kuma-2000." Umbhali kuphela komlinganiswa womfanekiso, obhenela kwizizukulwana ezizayo ngentetho. Apha kwakhona wabonisa amandla okuthetha ngokucacileyo. Ubuqhelekileyo nabahlobo bakhoxabela ukuba uJean wathetha ngcono kunabo bonke abaseFrance.
Inzala ishiye umbhali kunye neNcwadi yezincoko zeMemoir Essay "(1935), apho uKoketo uthetha malunga neminyaka emincinci, betsalela imiboniso yamalungu eParis kunye nababhali abadumileyo. Uthelekisa ubomi 'ngokusebenza okuqaqambileyo' kwaye uvuye kangangokuba kwenzeka umntu obambeleyo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu uJean Cockt awuzange ukufihla, wayezibulala. Iminyaka emibini yayihlala noMphathiswa waseRussia Natalia Palei. Umanyano olukhulu lwenzekile kumbhali oselula obukhali waseReiyon Radia, emva koko de kwaba ufile babenezidlelwane noJean Mare.
Ibali lothando lombhali kunye nomdlali waqala ngo-1937 - esi sibini sadibana kwimidlalo yeqonga leParis ", apho wayelungiselela khona ilungelo lokudlala kukaJean" i-King Gev ". UMare woyisa umbhali ngobuhle kwaye wamkelwa kwangoko kwindima ephambili.
Enkosi kwinkxaso yomxhasi, uMare wajika waba ngumdlali odumileyo. I-cocteo azinikele kwimibongo emthandayo, imizobo epeyintiweyo, ebandakanyekayo kwiMidlalo yakhe nakwiifilimu zakhe.
Umbhali wayelikhoboka le-opium, kulutsha lakhe watshaya iityhubhu ezintathu zeshumi elinambini ngale nto. Ndeva umntu oqinisekileyo.
Ukufa
UJean Cockt wasweleka ekuhlaseleni kwentliziyo embindini we-Autumn ka-1963. Ndingcwatyelwe umbhali kunye nomlawuli kwi-chapel ye-chapel ye-chapel-blaze de symples kwizidlo zeMiyi.Ngokufa, uJean walungiselela kakuhle: Iifrescoes zenziwa kufutshane nebhokisi, kwaye wakhetha uFpitaph- "ndihlala nawe." Umlinganiswa wekowuteshini utyhila ukuqiniseka kwakhe: UKokto wayekholelwa ukuba uhlala emhlabeni amaxesha amaninzi kwaye emva kokuba efile uya kubuya.
NgoNovemba ka-2011, iMyuziyam eMeston yavula uJean.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1918 - "i-roster kunye neHarlequin"
- Ngo-1919 - "potomac"
- Ngo-1923 - "Ukukhupha i-Tom"
- Ngo-1926- "Fiza uMyalelo"
- Ngo-1929 - "Abantwana Oyinziyo"
- Ngo-1935 - "Imifanekiso - iinkumbulo"
- Ngo-1962 - "imfuneko"