Biography
UAlexander Sergeeeeeeeeeevich uPokin 'uyithandayo imisebenzi kaGabriel derzhavin. Ukongeza kuncwadi, kwi-biography kaGabriel romanovich, inkonzo yoluntu, ukuthembeka kwi-Mvres kunye nomhobe ongekho semthethweni wobukumkani bekukho.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Imbongi kunye ne-Statesman zazalelwa kwiPhondo laseKazan ngo-1743. Usuku lokuzalwa lwenzekile nge-14 kaJulayi ngesitayile esitsha. Uhlobo lwe-dervicicicicicincians luphuma kwiTatar Murza Igrim. Ngokwentsomi yosapho, umanyano lwaya kwinkonzo yenkosana ye-visly emnyama ukusuka kwimiqolo ye-Golden Horde kwinkulungwane ye-XV.
Itshintsha inkolo, owayesakuba yiHorde, igama elithi i-Ilya, xa libhaptizwe, labhaptizwa. Ukusuka komnye woonyana bakaIlya - amandla - kunye nesebe le-kninmert yaseGabriel romanovich yenzekile.
Intsapho kaDerzhavini yayingavuthanga. Utata, uNobleman kwi-theindin yesihloko sesibini, ubomi basekhohlo, kunye nokudalwa koNyana uNyana kwalala emagxeni ka-Fekla noRoreevna. Kwakunzima kumfazi ukuba anike imfundo kaGabriel. Ekuqaleni, inkwenkwana yafundisisa iBhili, iFenclest kunye nokubhala ekhaya. Ootitshala bokuqala babengabefundisi.
Xa wayeneminyaka esixhenxe, inkwenkwe ingena kwisikolo sokukhwela eOrenburg, ingahlukanga bubuqaqawuli boqeqesho oluphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwezifundo ezifunyenweyo, uDerzhavin uya kuqala ukuthetha isiJamani. Bambalwa emva koko, le ntsapho yafudukela eKazan, kwaye umfana waqhubeka efunda ukuya eGymnasium.
I-Gymnasium yamthandwa bubugcisa obubonakalayo kunye nobunjineli apho baphumelela khona. Apha, umntu okwishumi elivisayo wadibana nomsebenzi weembongi zaseMikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Sumarov, Vrelily Trediakovsky. Le ndodana ngokwayo ithatha ipeni ezandleni kwaye izama imibongo. I-pancakhe yokuqala yaya kuba ligumbi, isilabhasi yayingekuphumelelanga, kodwa kwavela ukubuza iBhunga.
Ngo-1762, imfuneko ye-Trojannovky i-trojannov yeza kwi-premobrazhensky, kwaye umfana umi kwinkonzo yasemkhosini. UGabriel romanovich ngokwakhe wayewuqwalasele iminyaka kumkhosi wakhe kakhulu ebomini bakhe bonke. Ukuba nexesha lokuqalisa, imihla ngemihla yeveki iphinde yalungiswa kwakhona kwi-Coup, apho i-derzhavin yathatha inxaxheba kunye nabanye abalindi. Ngenxa yoko, i-Ekaterna II yayisetroneni.
Kwindoda encinci, ubomi bomkhosi abungalulanga. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyimfuneko ukwabelana nabanye abantu basebandleni, ixesha kwiklasi yembongi okanye yesayensi yayiyintlekele. UGabriel romanovich akazange abe neendawo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu, ishukunyiswe kancinci. Imbongi yexesha elizayo kufuneka ibuze ngokubhala malunga nokunyuka kwe-Alezey Orlov, ingenisa i-gorit kwi-evres. Uxwebhu lwezikhalazo lwanelisekile, kwaye i-nobleaman yafumana i-chin yabakhokeli, yafudukela kwigosa le-charracks. Kodwa ngelo xesha, uDerzhavin waphathwa ngeekhithi kunye nomdlalo wekhadi.
Ngo-1770, indoda yaseNovele yagqiba ekubeni ifudukele kubomi obuxhaphakileyo, kwaye ngo-1772 wayenomdla wokucinezela i-pucgev bunth.
Uncwadi
Umsebenzi wokuqala, opapashwe kwi-1773 kwaye une-Peru Debhavin, yayingumtshato oxolayo waseGrag kaDeust. Ekuqaleni, imbongi yenze isitayile sikaLomonosov. Ngelishwa, i-gabriel romanovich ayinakuphinda i-"umoya" yeNdawo yeNdlela yeLikail Vasneevich.
Kungekudala, ukulandela izihlobo zabahlobo zinamava ngakumbi kumsebenzi woncwadi, uDezhatin wakhetha isampulu ye-ODA. Ngokutsho kuMdali, owona msebenzi uphambili wombhali kukuzukiswa kwezenzo kunye nokuhlawulwa kwemicimbi emibi.
Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi yembongi yaprintwa ngaphandle kokutyikitya kwi-St. Petersburg Buleten. Ukukhanya kubona "isitshixo", "abalawuli kunye nabagwebi". Nangona kunjalo, i-sublime kunye nemibongo ye-pompous yenziwa derzhavin eyaziwa phakathi kwababhali, kodwa hayi phakathi koluntu.
Igama likaGabriel romanovich lidubule emva kokuba ebabhalele kwi-ferikta, ophuma eCatherine. Kwimibongo enomdla, imbongi ifumene ibhokisi kwi-erket, igutyungelwe ziidayimani, apho yayilele khona i-chermons.
Emva koko, imibongo yasemanzini "yamanzi" yaprintwa "" kwi-Contrer "," woMbono "," Thixo ". I-ODA yokugqibela ye-oda yaba sisithsaba sobuchule uGabriel romanovich, kwaye imbongi ngokwakhe yaphakathi kwabasekrinini kunye nezithixo. Bonke ababhali badale amakhulu emisebenzi enza iincwadi ezihlanganisiweyo zeshumi elinambini. Inyani enomdla kukulula kweDerzhavin kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ngo-1815, i-Tsarskoyel Lycem yayisele iqatshelwe njengombhali owaziwayo. Ukumangaliswa kwabafundi, umbuzo wokuqala, owabuzwa umbhali wemibongo ye-sublime, yayimalunga nendawo yokuphumla. Ngendlela, oyena mntu udumileyo nelona lize linetalente likaLyceum Alexander Sergeeeeeevich uCickkin ethathwa njengeyona mibongo. Umsebenzi "ndisisikhumbuzo kum ngokwam ngokwakha ubugwenxa" obhalwe nguye ngokwesampulu ye "fument" yeDerzhavin.
Inyani enokuthenjwa luthando lukaDerzekinin ukuya kwi-Erose. Umbhali wabhala imisebenzi, ebanika ukuthamba okhethekileyo, ukuzama ukukhuphela amagama kwisicatshulwa ngezandi ze "p". Kwangelo xesha, uGabriel Romanovich okhethe ukuba indalo yakhe ifundwe eluntwini amanenekazi.
Ewe, ubukhulu becala uDernzanin wabandakanyeka kubuchule obunzulu. Ke, ukuya kwinani lezinto eziphunyezwayo zoncwadi, umhobe ongekho mthethweni woBukhosi baseRussia "uloyiso lwendudumo, luloyike!", Wabhalwa emva kokuthatha inqaba yaseRussia ngexesha lemfazwe yaseTurkey. Umculo wabhala u-Osip Kozlovsky.
Ezopolitiko
Ukongeza kuncwadi, uGabriel romanovich wabandakanyeka kwinkonzo yaseburhulumenteni. Emva kwesibakala esilindelwe ixesha elide ngo-1777, uDerzhavin unikezwe ngabacebisi beekholeji kwaye bafumana imiphefumlo engama-300 yabaginqa eBelasus. Ngo-1780, i-nobleamen iwela kwiSenethi, kodwa ukuchaneka kweDerzhavin kunye nokungenisa kwizigqibo kunikezwe i-Porterman engenamhlobo.
Ngo-1783, ukuba lilungu le-Acam yaseRussia Academy, imbongi ithathe inxaxheba kulungiselelo lwesichazi-magama sokuqala.
Ngo-1784, kwamiselwa i-Noledleman ngumlawuli we-Olonetsky, kwaye ukusuka nge-1786 ukuya kwi-1788 ikhonza intloko yexabiso leTambov. Iphondo lalidweliswe phakathi ngasemva. Ngexesha nje elingephi, irhuluneli entsha ikwazile ukunyusa ifrasti yendawo edlulisiweyo. Eyokuqala kwiphondo leTypography, isikolo, isibhedlele, indawo yokuhlala kunye nethiyetha yakhiwa.
Ukususela ngo-1791, uDerzhavin ubuyela kwikomkhulu, kwiNkundla yeCatherine. Isikhundla soMphathiswa Wezobulungisa soBukhosi baseRussia, awayehlala kunyaka we-1802-1803, yayisisithsaba somsebenzi wezopolitiko.
Ukusuka kwesithuba, uGabriel romanovich warhoxa kwaye wafumana ithuba lokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo kubuchule boncwadi. Ukuhlalisa kwiPhondo lePhondo leNovgoroD, imbongi ibamba iintsuku zokubhala imibongo.
Ubomi Buqu
Iqabane lokuqala lembongi ngo-1778 yayinguEkaterina Yaterina Yater Yakovvna Bastidon. Elinye ibhinqa eliselula, eneminyaka engama-34, uCatherine wasweleka ngequbuliso kwaye wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba aseLazarevian eSt. Petersburg.
UDerzhavin Sele utshati kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva koko watshata kwakhona. Ngeli xesha, uDria Alekseevna Dyakova, owayehlala de kuphele ubomi bakhe baba ngabanyuliweyo. Bobabini abafazi be-phengu zembongi kwimisebenzi.
Abantwana bomthonyama babengenasesanda, kodwa abantakwabo kunye nabantakwabo baseDertsatin, uPeter Lazarev, bakhuliswa kwinkathalo yosapho kusapho. Omnye woonyana- uMikhail Lazarev, kamva wavula iAntarctica, ukuba yintshayelelo enetalente.
Ukufa
Ngo-1816, sele enonyango, imbongi yaseRussia edumileyo ifakwa epropathi yakhe kwiphondo leNovgoroD.
Ingcwaba likaGabriel romanovich kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, owashiya ubomi ngo-1842, ukwenzelwa ikamva le-varlaabycy ye-varlaamo khutyy kufuphi neVeliky Novgorod.
Iikowuti
Iindaba zihlala zahluke kangangokuba, njengokuthintela okwexesha elidlulileyo. Kukho kuphela i-ofisi yoluntu. Akukho mntu ungaphezulu kolunye ubhede, ehamba kwaye ekhokelwa luthando kwilizwe likaTatawo. Umele ukuba ayithande iNdaba ka-Bawo ukuze aphile, agalele emngciphekweni, agaleleke kuyo yonke iesile. I-Syloll iya kuhlala i-esile, nangona ifanele isebenze ngengqondo, i-chloride kuphela iindlebe.I-Bibliography
- 1798 - "derzhavin Buddy"
- I-Derzhavin Gabriel romanovich "isebenza. Ed. Ya. Groots kwimiqulu eyi-9"
- Ngo-1933 - "derzhavin G. R. Umbongo"
- Ngo-1957 - "Imibongo G. R. DERZHAVIN"
- Ngo-1980 - "umbongo. Prose. (G. R. Derzhavin)"
- Ngo-1984 - "iintandokazi. (G. R. derzhavin)"