Biography
Ukuphila ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane, lo mbhali, imbongi, intatheli kwakwazi ukushiya uphawu oluqaqambileyo kwincwadi yaseRussia. Abantwana bakaSasha luphawu olumnyama njengomzali "obalaseleyo kwi-Fictous ethandwayo ehlabathini iMickey Mickey Mickey, umbhali weembobo ezininzi kunye namabali. Kwaye abantu abadala bayayibulela ingeyimisebenzi kuphela ebuyayo ebuntwaneni, kodwa kunye ne-satir esemthethweni, ukuba uninzi lwendalo lombhali luzaliswe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-Xix, usapho oluqhelekileyo lwamaYuda lwaluhlala kwiSitrato saseRelhelheya: Izibonelelo zeMendel Gyckberg, umfazi wakhe uMayam, obuhlungu kwaye ebandezelekile. Inkwenkwe eyazalwa kolu lusapho 1 (13) ka-Oktobha 1880, yafumana igama elithi uAlexander. Ubuntwana bukaSasha bungavumi. Utata, iarhente yenkampani yamayeza, ihlala isendleleni. Ngenxa yemeko yempilo, abantwana bayenzanga, kodwa wakhalaza ngendoda yakhe. Kwaye kungekudala wasohlwaya, ke abantwana bakhe bangabathandi boyika.
Ngo-1887, iRussia yamkela eyesiqhelo apho amaJuda akakwazanga ukwenza ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-10 zabafundi bendawo yokuzivocavoca. I-GLYICEREZAREberg I-GYCEBE ifumene indlela yokuphuma-obhaptiziweyo. Ke xa eneminyaka elithoba, uAlexander wangena kwindawo yokuzivocavoca. Isifundo, esanikwa inkwenkwe ngokulula, sathintela imeko esinzima kusapho, kwaye eneminyaka eli-15 uSasha wabaleka ekhaya.
U-Aunt Aunt, udadewabo katata, wathuthwa umtshana weSt. Petersburg, ejimini, kwiBhodi epheleleyo. Kwi-st. Petersburg Gysnasium, uAlexander kwafuneka abe nzima ngakumbi - wayengakwazi ukujamelana nenkqubo kwi-algebra yaza wakhwela kwiziko lemfundo.
Abazali abatshisi ngomnqweno wokubonelela ngenkxaso mali kunyana wolahleko. Lo mfo kwafuneka ukuba acele, kodwa ubukho baqhubeka ixesha elide. Ikamva ebusweni lentatheli ye-novice Alexander Yablonovsky incumile kwimbongi yexesha elizayo. Wapapasha inqaku elingumfana olihlwempu kwiphephandaba "unyana kayise", kunye nebali elibuhlungu elifundwayo Konstantin Rhe, igosa laseZhytomyr, imbongi, umncedisi.
URoche uthathe uAlexander Glyckberg kwi-Zhytomyr, egqitywe kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, apho, nangona kunjalo, lo mfo wayengaziqinisekisi ngenxa yengxabano nomlawuli. Ngapha koko, emva kokuncitshiswa, imbongi yexesha elizayo yafumana "itikiti lengcuka" - ngonaphakade ilahlekile ilungelo lokwamkelwa.
Ngelo xesha, uAlexander wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Lo mfo wafaka indawo yokuzivocavoca emkhosini, apho iminyaka emibini isebenza rhoqo. Omnye unyaka wayesebenza kwi-Norpos eNOVKOETA, kumda waseOstriya-eHungary. Ngo-1904, iphephandaba elithi "i-volly i-volly bulelin" yapapasha "kwidayari eyaphumeleleyo" - Umsebenzi wokuqala wombhali. Kwaye kungekudala uAlexander Glyckberg wangena kwimeko yephephandaba njenge-Fechelonist. I-ALI, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, iphephandaba layeka ukubakho, kwaye i-sasha yexesha elizayo ifudukele ePetersburg
Uncwadi
Uncwadi lwaseRussia lusisityebi "ngokuthetha" nge-maxim gorky, demiyan ihlwempu, i-emil krotsky. I-alias Sasha emnyama inemvelaphi eyahlukileyo. I-Alexander Glickberg yayine-puundenym eyahlukileyo - ngokwayo, i-heine evela kwi-zhytomyr, njl. Igama elithi abafundi ngoku bayalazi imbongi kunye nombhali, kwasekuqaleni ukusuka ebuntwaneni: Ke i-Bruneta encinci ibizwa ngokuba yizahlobo ukuba ihlukanise nelinye i-Sasha Glyckberg - Blonde.
Umbongo wokuqala, otyikitywe nguSasha Black, wapapashwa ngo-1905 waqhuma uluntu ngokufunda. Ngaphantsi kwegama "I-Chepuha" ifihliwe i-harce satire encotsheni yelo nye yamandla: Ukupheliswa kwe-duna, abalungiseleli kunye nokumkani. Imagazini "umbukeli" emva koku wavalwa kwangoko. USasha umnyama wakhupha ekwandiweni, imibongo yakhe yashicilelwa kwiimagazini ze-satirical "," Almanac "," imaski. "
Ngo-1906, ingqokelela yokuqala yemibongo yaseSasha yakhululwa, kodwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yezifundo zezopolitiko, ukusasazeka kwabanjwa. Umbhali wasinda ukubanjwa kwakhe, eshiye iJamani, apho kwabelana ngawo i-testores eyunivesithi kwiDeidelberg.
USt. Petersburg Sasha blay wabuya ngo-1908. Iminyaka emithathu ye-eardchenko ye-Averchenko ngokwesiqhelo iMisebenzi yoMbhali osemagazini "sashirikon", phantsi koncedo lwelo xesha abahlonelwa ngalo. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, italente yembongi eqaqambileyo yeSilute, iincwadi zikaSasha zipapashwa, imibongo yayishicilelwe "iSovremennik", "iLanga laseRussia" kunye nabanye, beva Kuphela kukudumisa kuphela abagxeki. Kodwa, ukuba iphumelele, uSasha wahlala eyinkwenkwe enye evaliweyo.
Ngo-1912, bemkile eCapri, uSasha Black wenza ubuhlobo kunye neMaxiy gorky, ndizamile ukubhala pupse. Imfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala yaqala, kwaye uAlexander wathumela uSantar esibhedlele saseSt. Petersburg, kodwa emva koko watshintshela kwintsimi yaseLazaret. Ngexesha lemfazwe, i-SASA-imbongi ayikwazanga ukuyenza, kwade kwafuneka anyathe uxinzelelo olukhulu. Kodwa uSasha-Prosaic wasebenza ngenkuthalo, ebhala kwaye epapashe iincwadi zabantwana.
USasha umnyama ngokulula uvula ilizwe liphela phambi kwabantwana. Kweli nqaku lomsebenzi wakhe-ukuchukumisa uthando kwabantwana kwaye kwangaxeshanye, amandla okuphakamisa inyathelo elinye nomntwana kwaye kukhokelele ukumangaliswa kwencoko yabantu abadala. Oonyana kuye - bobabini abafundi, kunye nabalinganiswa bemisebenzi, njengamabali "ebanjwa laseCaucasian" okanye "kwindlu egadini".
Enye into yindibaniselwano yevesi yabantu abadala ye-Stractiless Satire, ukunyaniseka okumangalisayo, iintlungu zengqondo kunye ne-notch engapheliyo. Kwaye kunye neevesi kwimibongo, eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo. Umzekelo, "I-Galcahata" kukukhanya kunye nomoya, "i-orenji" iphefumla nge-ryrism, nangona ine-raid ye-irony. Kwaye "i-hyena" ibonakala ingumntwana omncinci wabantwana, kodwa isigqibo sokuba umbhali enze, ngokucacileyo uguqula ngokucacileyo kubantu abadala.
Ngo-1918, uSasha Black, owayengayamkeli iBolshevik enguRolhevik, ethanda ukufuduka. Kwibhayiloji ye-bigcr-lithuania, eJamani, e-Itali, eFrance. Umbhali waprintwa kumaphephandaba nakwiimagazini, kwada kwadalwa ngokuhlwa, bathetha ngeevesi. Kukho amabali athi "Ukulala kukaNjingalwazi Patrashkin", "Fox Mikki diary", "Incwadi eRuddy". Sele emva kokusweleka kombhali, waziswa kumfundi "wasemadan-Marison" kunye "nejoni".
I-Peru Sasha mnyama ye-40 yeencwadi, malunga neekowuti ezimalunga ne-100 eziye zaba ziiatrones, imibongo emininzi, kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-knosn, i-heinrich heine, i-richard demel nabanye. Iivesi ze-sasha emnyama ye-shostakovich zidala inani lemisebenzi yomculo.
Ubomi Buqu
USasha mnyama utshatile kanye nangonaphakade. UMaria Vasineva waba yintloko-umphathi wakhe ngaloo mihla xa imbongi isebenza kwiintlawulo zenkonzo yeWarsaw. Eli bhinqa lalisele lidala iminyaka eliqela, kodwa akukho mahluko kwimfundo nakwisikhundla esithintelwe uSasha noMarina ukuba baqalise ubuhlobo, emva koko bakhula emtshatweni.
Ngo-1905, uAlexander, otshatileyo, wafumana imva engaphantsi. UMaria Ivanovna ujikelezwe ngumyeni wakhe ngexhala, wasusa iingxaki zasekhaya. Ngoxolo nemvisiswano, babehlala ubomi babo bonke, kwakungekho bantwana bavela esi sibini.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1920, uSasha umnyama wakha indlu emazantsi eFransi, kwi-Russian Colony ye-LA Turn. Apho, ngandlel 'ithile waphila de wasweleka.
Ukufa
Imbongi kunye nombhali basweleka nge-5 ka-Agasti, 1932. UAlexander wanceda ukucima umlilo kubamelwane, udlula, udiniwe. Ukubuyela kwethu ekhaya, walala phezu kwebhedi kwaye akasafiki-ubomi bakhe baphazamisa ukubetha kwentliziyo.
Ndingcwatywe uSasha mnyama emangcwabeni, kodwa apho, ngoku, akukho mntu uya kuthi - ngo-1961, uMaria uIvanovna wasweleka, kwaye ngenxa yengcwaba labangayi kuhlawula. Nditsho nefoto yendawo yokuphumla yokugqibela ye-Alexander Glyckberg ayilondolozi. Ngo-1978, amangcwaba afakwe kwimemori yembongi.
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1960, iCornea yaseChukovsky, uSasha Black, yangena koluhlu olukhulu noluncinci lwethala leencwadi lembongi.
I-Bibliography
- I-1906 - "Iimotifs ezahlukeneyo"
- 1910 - "Satira"
- Ngo-1914 - "Oonobumba abaphilayo"
- Ngo-1914 - "UNowa"
- Ngo-1915 - "Tuk-Tuk"
- Ngo-1918-Umjikelo "wemfazwe"
- Ngo-1921 - "ISiqithi saBantwana"
- Ngo-1922 - "Buyisa iRobinson"
- Ngo-1923 - "Unxano"
- Ngo-1924 - "Ukulala kukaNjingalwazi Patrashkin"
- Ngo-1927 - "Fox Mippy diyery"
- Ngo-1928 - "i-sanatorium yekati"
- Ngo-1928 - "amabali ange-serezny"
- Ngo-1929 - "umthi weKrisimesi wesilivere: Iintsomi zabantwana"
- Ngo-1929 - "Ihlobo elimnandi"
- Ngo-1930 - "Incwadi eRhaddy"
- Ngo-1933 - "isikwere-umarison" (PostHumous)
- Ngo-1933 - "iintsomi zejoni" (Postthumous)
Iikowuti
"Njengenundu, bendibona nge-spline ...
Nditshize uNaphthalene.
***
"Ngaba uyathanda i-attic? Ndikhona kakhulu. Abantu basonga ii-AppIcs zezona zinto zinomdla, kwaye amagumbi acwangciswe iitafile ezihlekisayo kunye nabaqhubi abazizidenge. "
***
"Simele sibhale phantsi zonke iintshaba zakho, emva koko silibale."
***
"Yonke into kwibhulukhwe, ikhutshiwe ngokulinganayo,
Ngeendwaeko, kwingubo, kodwa kwi-boilers.
Ndijongeka ngathi sisitrato kuyo nayiphi na
Kwaye ndilahlekelwe zimbombo. "
***
"Ukuhlala ngaphezulu kwe-nip,
Bhala i-sonyoka elula ...
Kwaye thabatha kubantu abavela kwiidola
Isonka, iwayini kunye nee-clarlets. "
***
"Ngumoya ontwasahlobo ngaphaya komnyango ...
Ngubani onokuthandwa, ewe! "