Biography
Emva kwenkulungwane yama-60 kwinkulungwane edluleyo, iVulf yachaza imisebenzi yeVirginia eya eVirginia, ngubani lo mfazi. Wathi wayeyintombi yokugxekwa edumileyo kunye nenkosikazi yombhali wesiNgesi, intatheli. Emva kwexesha elivayo kamva eyamkelayo kunye negalelo elikhulu kuncwadi. I-Wolfe-i-feminary, enye yesiseko se "Prose", iinoveli zayo kunye namabali ayoyisa umdlalo ongaqhelekanga kunye nomdlalo woncwadi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UVirginia wazalelwa kwintsapho yaseLondon ye-Aristocrats. Utata u-Leslie Stephen wayegxekwa edumileyo, kwaye uMama Jakirt wasebenza njengommeli, owaziwa njengePhilanthrop. Emva kwamagxa abazali sele esele betshatile, bobabini ngabahlolokazi. U-Leslie wazala intombi, kwaye uJulia abantwana abathathu. Iindlalifa zonke ezikhula kunye kwintsapho entsha.
I-Virginia yintombi eqhelekileyo uStefano noDakort, wayenabantakwabo ababini ngonyaka nodade osele ekhulile. Intloko yosapho, ngenxa yobuchule bakhe, yayingabahlobo abameli beesangqa zencwadi ethi, Ababhali, iintanda-bulumko, iimbongi zazihlala zihleli endlwini.
Umzekelo, uHenry James noGeorge Henry Lewis bajonga ukukhanya. Umntu oqhelileyo osondeleyo uchaphazele ukukhulisa iindlalifa. Ukongeza, kukho ithala leencwadi elikhulu ngokufikelela simahla. Umbhali wexesha elizayo wayesazi kakuhle isiNgesi, wafunda isiTutorials Greek.
Nangona kunjalo, impilo-ntle ye-Aristous yayingeyonto engaphaya kwesothuso esihle. Ngokwe-bigographers, i-virginia encinci, kunye nodade, waphathwa gadalala evela kubazalwana abadala kumtshato wangaphambili womama. Uloyiko lothando lwenyama lwahlala kunye nebhinqa ubomi bakhe bonke.
Xa le ntombazana yayineminyaka eli-13 ubudala, yenzekile kwintsapho-Umama wasweleka. Umsitho wajika waba kukubetha, iVirginia yasinda ekuqhekekeni kovalo. Ekwixesha elizayo bendilinde yonke intlekele ye-Vintage: Umzalwana othandazayo uToby kunye nodadewethu osele babulawa nguTifi, emva koko intloko yentsapho.
Ulwalamano noba uTata lwaphenjelelwa kwihlabathi langaphakathi leVirginia. Emva kokusweleka kweqabane, ngokuthe chu ngokuthe ngcembe waguquka waba yidropoti, esenza ubukho bomgubo wekhaya ongaguqukiyo. Xa wasweleka, izalamane zididekile, kodwa i-Vimbia yahlaselwa sisibhedlele saza sazifumana kwisibhedlele sengqondo.
Akazange afumane inkululeko kuYise: wayeqhuba iingxoxo zangaphakathi zangaphakathi, etyholwa ngezenzo ezithile, ezifunyenweyo. Sele kukho ilanga lobomi babhala kwidayari:
"Njengomntwana, ndimgweba, njengomfazi oneminyaka engama-58 ubudala - ndiyaqonda, oko kukuthi, ndifuna ukuthi - ndimphatha. Mhlawumbi zombini iimbonakalo zichanekile? "Ngemithetho-siseko yobufazi, umbhali wadibana kwangoko njengobutsha bakhe xa wayefunda kwizifundo zeKing Cool. Apha ikamva liziswe ngabafazi abaneenguqulelo ngelo xesha kunye nezimvo - i-Clara Pater, iLilian Feriel, Georgina War.
Kwaye emva kwethutyana, emva kokusweleka kukayise, ikhaya lakhe yajika yaba yisangqa seengqondo. Ndikunye nodade waseVanessa Bell noMzalwan 'uAdrian wathengisa indlu yomzali, ukuthenga izindlu kwindawo yeBlohemaian. Apha, amagcisa aselula kunye nababhali baqalisa ukuqokelela, uluntu lwafumana udumo njenge "Bloardbury Circlege".
Uncwadi
I-biography yendalo yombhali yaqala ngo-1905. Ityala njengoMbhali woPhononongo kwimisebenzi yoncwadi yabantu bexeshana kunye namanqaku kwijenali ". Inoveli yokuqala yabona ukukhanya ngo-1915 - incwadi ethi "Ngokuya elwandle ikuye yapapashwa. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, enye yeyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo yeVirginia Wolfe Wold Mnu. Dentdway, oxela ngenye imini yenenekazi lemigangatho. Embindini weyelenqe - ibali lothando, ukuba leliphi ilizwe okanye imfazwe ayibalulekanga.
Phinda usebenzise ubudlelwane kwintsapho yakho. Ibhinqa alithabatha inoveli "(ngo-1927). Le ncwadi yabonakala yabalinganiswa boyise nonina. I-Wolfe ayikhutshiwe kuphela ngengcinezelo yentloko yosapho. Apha ndaphakamisa imiba yokungalingani kwimfundo yamakhwenkwe namantombazana. Inyani yile yokuba i-Virginia ayizange iphumle kwisigqibo sokuba abazali bafundise oonyana kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge, ngelixa iintombi zaneliswa ziinkonzo zootitshala kunye neekhosi zexesha elifutshane ekholejini.
Ukunganyamezelani kwipropathi yoosolusapho bekubonakalisiwe kwi-thessay kamva "igumbi layo" kunye "ezintathu Guinea", eziquka kwilifa legolide yabasetyhini. Ityala lemfazwe kwaye kwinyani yokuba amadoda akhula ekhohlakele kwaye anobuthathaka, uWolfe wabona uloba lolwelo.
Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo woncwadi wamkelwa njengenoveli ye-Stirirical ", ethi le nto ibolekwe ziintshukumisa, umbhali obolekwe kwi-biography yentombi yaseVita Sauquil-West. I-Dlot yoluka iminyaka engama-350, iqala ngexesha likaElizabhete i kwaye ndiphelisa ngexesha lokukhanya. Umfana ogama linguOrlandso unexesha lokuthanda, uphoxeke kwiimvakalelo, jika abe ngumfazi kwaye ube ngumama. Umsebenzi owahlukileyo kumdlalo oqaqambileyo woncwadi wafunyanwa njengengcaciso yothando lwe-vita.
Ekuqaleni kwe-30s, izibongozo zeBritane ziye kuhlobo lwenoveli yovavanyo. Ukusuka phantsi kwentsiba yakhe, "iqulethwe imidlalo encinci. Ubhala amabali- "ibhokhwe kunye ne-duchess", "indlu eneziporho" nabanye. Ukusetyenziswa kwezifaniso, iingxelo ezicacileyo-hayi kuphela, kuba abafundi bathandana ngokukhawuleza nombhali. Umfazi ususa umsitho ngemvelaphi, entloko imeko yengqondo yabalinganiswa. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uzibethelele kwingcinga yamagorha, uqonde indlela abajonga ngayo izinto ezenzekayo.
I-Virginia irekhodi yedayari yedayari. Emva kokusweleka kwakhe, umyeni wayiphelisa incwadana enemifanekiso, ishiya iziqendu ezimbalwa kakhulu ezizezobokubona. Nangona kunjalo, kulo msebenzi, kunye neenkcazo zeziganeko kunye nabantu, bekukho isizathu sokuxoxa ngamabali abo, iinoveli kunye namanqaku. Ukukhanya kwabona imiqulu emine yencwadi ethi "Idayari yombhali".
Yonke imisebenzi yabafazi yaphuma kwindlu yokupapasha "Hogarth", yena nomyeni wakhe bavula ngo-1917. Imisebenzi kunye nabanye ababhali baprintwe apha, yeyiphi iVirginia eyayichwetheza ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ihlelwe.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1912, le ntombazana itshata ilungu le-bloumbury mug, umbhali kunye nentatheli i-Leonard Wolf, awayehlala kuye de kube sekupheleni kweentsuku. Ubomi bosapho bokuqala bajika baba nzima - iVirginia ayikwazanga ukoyisa uloyiko lokusondezwa kwesondo. Ngenxa yoko, iqabane lifikile, isibini esidibeneyo sothando.
ULeonard waphatha umfazi wakhe, exhasa yonke into. Umtshato waguquka waba yi-Unionnion Union ngokusekelwe kwintlonipho nganye. I-Wolfe idale iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukuze i-Vightnia ingabhalela ngentuthuzelo.
Nangona kunjalo, kubomi bombhali bekukho indawo eya kwiimvakalelo zombuzo ezingabaphandi zezona zibakala zibangela ukuba zezona zibanjelayo zebhayiloji. Xa i-Virginia yayineminyaka engama-40, i-Aristocrat yeVita Skvil-West yathandana naye. Ubudlelwane baphehlelwe iminyaka emihlanu. Iqabane alizange lichaze olu lwalamano lothando, ngakumbi inoveli lalingene kuphela ukuze lingenelwe kuphela - kwiminyaka yeentlanganiso ene-vistirnia ejijekileyo, yabhala imisebenzi yabo ebalaseleyo.
Ukufa
I-Wolfe yanesifo sengqondo, ihlala ihlasela ekliniki kunyango. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, esi sifo siqhubele phambili, sanyanzela ipeni okwethutyana. Lindela imeko eyaqala imfazwe yehlabathi yesibini. Umbhali woyika ukuba amaFasi afika eNgilani, kuba ke umkhosi wamaJuda wayelinde isiphelo esibi. Eli bhinqa lavuma ngoLeonardo: kwimeko yokuhlala yaseJamani kuya kunyanzelisa ubomi bokuzibulala.
Ngo-1941 wadibana neLizwe elibi. Akazange abhalise kwintloko, izwi laza lacaca intloko, lo mfazi wayecaphukile kwaye ngaphandle, kwaye oogqirha benziwa ngezandla zabo. Ngokutsho kwezengqondo yanamhlanje kunye noogqirha, uWolfe ubunzima be-manico-uxinzelelo lwengqondo. Isizathu sesi sifo ibizwa ngokuba yingqondo yengqondo.
Entwasahlobo yeVirginia yabhala ileta entle, apho wacela ukuxolelwa kwaye wachaza ukuba akasakwazi ukuzithuthumbisa yena neyakhe. NgoMatshi 28, 1941, umbhali washiywa kuMlambo iOyuz.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1915 - "Ngolwandle kude"
- Ngo-1919 - "imini nobusuku" "
- Ngo-1925 - Nksk Dgeyeway
- Ngo-1927 - "kwindlu yokukhanya"
- Ngo-1928 - "I-Orlando"
- Ngo-1931 - "Amaza"
- Ngo-1933 - "Flash"
- Ngo-1937 - "Iminyaka"
- Ngo-1941 - "phakathi kweZenzo"