Biography
Ukuxhalaba, umbono obuhlungu ushiya Umfundi "Ilanga eliFilekileyo, eliqaqambileyo, uxolo lwengqondo lunika ukufundwa kwe" ihlobo leNkosi ". Oku ngokungafaniyo nenye incwadi yenze i-Ivan Shomeva eyamkelwe ngumbhali kungekuphela kwilizwe lakhe, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe.
Umbhali Russian, asinda ekufeni kukayise, kokuyaphula le ukuhlola yobukumkani, ngokubulala unyana wakhe ntle ngetshova ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, utyunjwe kabini ukufumana iBhaso Nobel, kodwa akazange abe kaNobel. Umbhali uchithe iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi kwintlupheko yokufuduka. Ngo-2000, intsalela ye-schmelev ihanjiswe eRussia kwaye ivuselele imali kwikomkhulu.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba utat'omkhulu u-Avan Schmelev kumgca kayise wayengumhle kwiphondo eMoscow, umbhali wexesha elizayo wazalwa kwintsapho ekhulelweyo. Upopu i-Pope ye-Pergei Ivanovich ihlelwe kwilifa lamatyala kwaye balungelelanise iingcali ze-astell. Kananjalo wayengeendawo zokuhlambela ezininzi. Kumlingane, wanyula intombi yakhe kumthengisi wase-Evinempia Savinov. Ngo-Okthobha 3 (ngokwesitayela sakudala - Septemba 21), 1873, umfazi wakhe wamnika unyana, owayebizwa ngokuba nguIvan ngokuzukisa utat'omkhulu.
Ngobuhlobo obubandayo nobobulumko, ubudlelwane bukaWenan bahlala bupholile, nangona yayinjalo i-EVlampriavna, eyayifumana imfundo kwiziko lentombazana yaseNoble, yafundisa unyana wakhe ukuba afunde i-classics yaseRussia. Ixesha elingakumbi, inkwenkwana yachitha noyise yaye i-masters. Kwakukho phakathi kwawo kunye ne-mingail plikratovich gorkn-therther ye-Orthodoxy, kubantu abadala wawushiya umsebenzi kwaye isicelo seSergey Ivanovich sajonga i-wanneney yakhe. Kukholelwa ukuba phantsi kwempembelelo yakhe kwaye yakha inzala ye-schmelev kwinkolo.
Xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka esi-7 ubudala, utata wawela ngaphandle kwehashe kwaye akazange abuye. Umama wasala yedwa kubantwana abathandathu. Baphila kwiirisithi ezivela kwigumbi lokuhlambela; Ukongeza, baphuma kumgangatho wesithathu wendlu kunye negumbi elingaphantsi. Ukonwaba, ukugqobhoza ixesha lokuphela kwabantwana, xa kwiminyaka eyi-11 ubudala watshintshelwa kwigumbi lokhuselo labucala, eyayimi ecaleni kwendlu, ukuya kwi-moscow ye-moscow yokuqala yeMoscow. Umfundi wakhe kuyo kamva waphinda wakhunjulwa njengelona xesha linzima lobutsha. "Abantu ababandayo," uya kubhala ootitshala kamva.
Ngenxa yokungathandekiyo kunye neengxabano nootitshala kwiminyaka embalwa, uShomelev wathatha indawo yokufunda. Waphumelela uphumelele kwi-MOSCOW ye-MOSCOW ye-MOSCOW ngo-1894, ngelixa umfundi engakhange athathe isiqingatha senqaku legolide. ISHERELEV iza kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow kwiCandelo leNdawo enguMthetho, kunye nonyaka kamva kwijenali "uphononongo lwesiRussia" lapapasha umsebenzi "- ukwenziwa komfana".
Uncwadi
Iphefumlelwe yimpapasho yokuqala, kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uShmelev uthatha isigqibo sokupapasha ingqokelela yamabali "kwi-valaam". Izinto zombhali ohlanganisene kuhambo lokuya kwimonki. Kodwa umnxibelelanisi wasebukhosini akavumeli ukuprinta umsebenzi, ukunyanzela umbhali ukuba asuse iindinyana ezigcweleyo. Okupapashiwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo amagqabantshintshi abaphengululi be-qunstay bashiya abafundi abanomdla, kwaye umbhali odanisayo uthatha ikhefu kubuchule beminyaka eli-9.
Emva kokuba efumene imfundo kwaye wakhonza unyaka nomkhosi, uShmelev nomkakhe nonyana wakhe bafudukela eVladimir. Umbhali usebenza njengegosa lezabelo ezikhethekileyo phantsi kweCladimir Kazan yeChamben yeMicimbi yeMicimbi yangaphakathi. Ukususela ngo-1905, u-Ivan Sergeeevich ahlaziya imisebenzi kwimisebenzi kwaye abhale i-maxim gorky acele abanye babo. Umbhali udala amabali kunye namabali, embindini kaYehova. "
Ukubuyela kwikomkhulu, iShmelev ngo-1909 ijoyina indalo esingqongileyo. Isangqa sobhala sibandakanya i-Ivan Bunin, Alexander Kuprin nabanye ababhali, kunye ne-feror shalyapin. Ababhali bakuchase kuphela iintlanganiso, kodwa bafumana intsebenziswano nababhali abaseMoscow ", abaseki kabani yiBunin noShmelev.
Ngo-1911, ibali "Indoda" kwivenkile yokutyela "iyapapashwa. Emva kweminyaka eli-16, ukuguqulelwa komsebenzi, ukuzoba ukuwa kwesimilo, kudalwe nguMlawuli waseSoviet Yakov Protazanov. Kwiminyaka engama-40, uShmelev waziwa njengombhali wezincoko kwaye ukhokela kumthengisi kunye ne-peasantry. Ukuchaza iithowuni, ukubona ubomi bakhe obunzima, umbhali ngemvume uyahlangabezana neziganeko zikaFebruwari 1917. Nangona kunjalo, ukungqinelana kokudideka kunye nogonyamelo olulandelayo ngokukhawuleza kujika ithemba lokuphoxeka kwaye lukhangelwe.
Ukubona intshabalalo engeyiyo kuphela iziseko zobume, kodwa ikhula ngokuziphatha kunye nesiphithiphithi, i-bumblebee nenkosikazi yasebukhosini, eyayilwela imfazwe yehlabathi, ihamba eCrimea. Apha usapho luyifumana indlu kunye neyelenqe, u-Ivan Sergeeevich ubhala ibali elinikezelwe kwimicimbi yemfazwe yamakhaya "njengoko yayinjalo" yazalisa ibali "lalili gazi". Kodwa i-bumblebee kungekudala ilawula ukuhlala kude kwiziganeko ezimbi. Umkhosi obomvu uhlala phantsi korista kwaye, ngaphandle kwemizamo kunye neeleta zikatata, uSergey oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala wenziwa.
Umbhali obomi bakhe ovukelwe yilahleko, ubambe iminyaka emibini kwiPeninsula, emva koko afudukele eYurophu. Ekuqaleni uyema eBerlin, emva koko wafudukela eParis. Kwikomkhulu laseFrance, uShmelev uya kubamba ibhalansi yobomi.
Kungekudala emva kokuhamba, 'ilanga labafileyo "-Inoveli, itsala ubuninzi beminyhadala yaseRussia. "Khawufunde le nto ukuba unenkalipho yanele," utshilo umsebenzi wombhali waseJamani uTomas Mann, kwaye uAlexander Solzhenitsy wamchaza "njengesatifikethi se-bolshevism", ethi inike ithemba leminyaka yokuqala yeSoviet. "
Esoyika ikamva lelizwe lasebusweni, ekuboneni ukutshatyalaliswa kweenkulungwane zenkcubeko kunye nokufaka endaweni yamaxabiso, i-Shmelev idala amabali-pampphlets. Kwisiqingatha sesibini seenjongo ze-20 ezigxekayo, i-nostalgia ithathelwe indawo yindlela yakudala. "Ingoma yesidlo sasemini eyahlukileyo", "ingoma yesiRussia" - la mabali azaliswa ziinkcazo eziqaqambileyo zeholide yeOrthodox, ubomi, amasiko.
Iphezulu kweli nqanaba iba libali "i-bogomol" kunye nenoveli "inkosi yehlobo". Kuyaphawuleka ukuba imisebenzi yadalwa ngokuhambelana. Zombini ezi ncwadi zifumene ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabafundi baseRussia.
Ngokunyaniseka kunye nokufudumala, umbhali uyavusa umoya wobuntwana, kwaye nayo - ilahlekile iRussiary Russia. Okokuqala ngqa, "ihlobo leNkosi" lipapashwe ngo-1933 eBelgrade, "Bogomol" - ngo-1935 apho. Kwilizwe lasekhaya laseShmelev, iincwadi zikwihlabathi liphela liphela 80s.
Ixesha lokugqibela lokuyila kombhali waseRussia lwaphawulwa ngolangazelelo olomeleleyo kwilizwe lakhe. Shmelev Yongeza kwiMbumo ye-Pea ye-1896 kwaye yenza i-valaam "ye-valaam endala". Ngo-1936, kusetyenziswa uhlobo lotshilo, inoveli "inoveny evela eMoscow" ibhala, iqhawe eliphambili apho umfazi okhulileyo athanda ukufudukela ekufudukeni.
UShmelev wayithiya urhulumente weBolshevik kangangokuba wafumana uhlaselo lweFasccist kwi-USSR njengobuhloneli bukaThixo. Kwileta eya kwiPhilosofi ivan Ilin, ukuhlaselwa kukaJamani kubizwa ngokuba "kukuhlaselwa yi-kight, kuvakalise ikrele" kwaye kuvakalise ithemba lokuba ukuvuselelwa kwamaKomanisi kwaye kukuvuselelwa kwe ilizwe.
Ngo-1948, u-Ivan Sergeeevich waqala wasebenza kwinoveli "indlela yezulu." Umsebenzi wawungaphelelwanga ngenxa yokufa kombhali, kodwa kwizahluko ezidaliweyo kuyacaca ukuba ufuna ukubonisa ishishini lokuloba kukaThixo kwihlabathi lokwenyani.
Kwixesha laseSoviet, umsebenzi kaSholelev wathathwa njengeAnti-Soviet. Shicilela iincwadi zombhali ofudukileyo waqala kuphela kulwakhiwo ngokutsha. Ngo-1993, iMyuziyam-yendlu yavulwa kwi-Alwarkta, kwaye kungekudala umbhali wafumana ukwamkelwa kwilizwe lakhe.
Ubomi Buqu
U-Ivan Shmelev watshata iminyaka engama-20, emva nje kokufumana iYunivesithi. Umfazi wakhe waba nguOhuttheron. Igama eliqhelekileyo elingaqhelekanga lichaziwe yimvelaphi evela kwintsapho yase-Scotland. Ookhokho bakhe bafudukela eRussia ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18. Utata uAlexander Alexandrovich waba liqhawe lokuzikhusela kwi-sevastopol.
Umtshato noOlga Alexandrovna wonwabile, kunye esi sibini siphila iminyaka engama-40. Yayingumfazi kungekudala emva kokuzalwa komphefumlo useSerezha ngo-1896, wacela umbhali we-novice ukuba atyelele iValaam. Wasweleka ngo-1936. U-Ivan Sergeeeeevich wasinda iminyaka eli-14.
Ukufa
Ndikunye nabanye ababhali bokufuduka kweRussia, ivan Bunin kunye ne-DMMMYRY MERMONOVSKY STMELEV, kabini, ifakiwe kwinani labafakizicelo kwibhaso le-Nobel. Nangona kunjalo, wasilela ukuba ephumeleleyo. Omdala umbhali waba, ubukho obunzima obuninzi.
U-Ivan Shmelev wasweleka ngo-1950, nge-24 kaJuni. Unobangela wokufa yayisisifo sentliziyo. Wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni eSixeko saseSaint-Genevise de Boua, kodwa ngoku amaxesha akhe aphumle kwi-necropolis ye-donastery, abekwe kwikomkhulu laseRussia. I-Remorial yabanjwa ngo-2000. Kwaye intsalela ye-olga neSergey Shmeleva ihamba apha.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1897 - "kwii-valaam"
- Ngo-1907 - "I-Citizen Tlayikiki"
- I-1911 - "Indoda kwivenkile yokutyela"
- Ngo-1913 - "Wolf Dock"
- Ngo-1916 - "Iintsuku zeSigor"
- Ngo-1918 - "Isitya sedigtha"
- Ngo-1927 - "malunga nebhinqa elinye"
- Ngo-1927 - "Imbali yothando"
- Ngo-1923 - "Ilanga labafileyo"
- Ngo-1933 - "Nkosi yehlobo"
- Ngo-1935 - "Bogomol"
- Ngo-1935 - "i-valaam endala"
- Ngo-1936 - "NANSY kwi-moscow"
Iikowuti
"Imini yemini yoyikeka ngakumbi - kwaye ngoku inani lengqolowa libiza kakhulu kunabantu." "Indlela engenanto ayinanto." - Andizukubulawa ngamaqhekeza abantu. "- Andiyi kubulawa ngawo Oku azahlulwanga: Iindlela azisoyisi, kodwa zifihliwe kwi-Smart kwaye isengqiqweni. "Iinyani ezinomdla
- Okwesihlandlo sokuqala ngomhlaza, uIvan Shmelev wayesasesithandathu sendawo yokuzivocavoca. Umfundi ubandakanyiwe kwisicatshulwa somsebenzi kwitempile yamagama angama-rescuer yembewu ye-NADON, apho wafumana "iyunithi," ephosakele unyaka wesibini. Ngokutsho kovumo lwakhe, ukusukela ngoko kuneefilosofi engakholelekiyo.
- Njengomntwana, wabandezeleka ngenxa ye-nevarant tick ngenxa yoloyiko olusisigxina lukamama. Endaweni yokweyisela, i-evlampia gavrilovna ithathiwe kwii-rugs. Ukuba uNika ungunyana ojijekileyo, wanika i-brace.
- Uthando lokuqala lwalusinda kwiminyaka elisibhozo, kodwa kungekudala imvakalelo yatshintshwa ngamava amatsha. Iimpembelelo zobutsha ukuba zenze isiseko senoveli "yembali" ka-1927, ngokomphindaphindi we-Yaroslavl Alexander Perov wadala ifilimu yepetrov.