Biography
UPhilip IV, ukumkani waseFrance, wafumana igama lesidlaliso enkosi kwimbonakalo ye-aristocral: Iifoto kunye nee-screlpitos zenza ugxininiso kwiprofayili enekratshi kunye neenwele ezinzulu. Nangona kunjalo, impawu engqongqo, ekhohlakeleyo yayifihliwe kwiimpawu zobuso. Ezi mpawu zivunyelwe ukwenza iFrance ilizwe elinamandla.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ngo-Epreli 8 (nge-12 kaJuni), i-1268 kwiTrantreebloeblo kwiPrince Philip III ingesibindi kunye nonyana wakhe wokuqala u-Isabla Aragon. Waba ngowesibini kwabane abantwana ababonakale kulo manyano.
Njengomntwana, uFilipu ulubonile wezehlo owoyikekayo. Ngo-1270, xa inkwenkwe yayiminyaka emibini ubudala, utat'omkhulu uLidicccick Ix usweleke ngexesha lephulo. Itrone eyayizuze njengelifa iFlip III, nonyana wakhe wamazibulo uLidovik waba ngumgqatswa wokuqala wetrone. Kwiinyanga ezintlanu kamva Isabella Aragonskaya, ukumkanikazi waseFrance waseFrance, wawa ekhwela ihashe, wafa nendlalifa yesihlanu. Emva kwexesha elithile, umntakwabo omncinci kaPhilip wasweleka - uRobert. Wayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela ubudala.
Ngeemeko ezimbi zentlungu, uPhilip III iba ngukumkani. Umsitho oqinisekileyo wenzeka nge-15 ka-Agasti, 1261, kwaneentsuku ezintandathu kamva watshata nentombi ye-DUCHANGO YAMABHONO.
Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithandathu kaMeyi76, indlalifa yokuqala yetrone yaseFransi, umkhulu kaPhilip iv louis. Ukukrokrela ukufa kwakhe kwawa kwiqabane likaKumkani uMariya. Ngaphandle kokubulawa okungapheliyo, uPhilip Iv kunye no-Mnumzana wakhe okuphela kobomi bakhe, kodwa waziswa phantse.
NgoAgasti 16, 1284, uFilipu wathatha inkosazana kwindlu yeCanbagen - uZhanna navar. Umtshato wajika waba yinzuzo: Uye wavumela i-IV Champagne ukuba inamathisele uMhlaba wasePhilip, kwaye emva koko ihlanganisene eFrance naseNavarour.
1285 baba yinto ebuhlungu kukumkani waseFransi. Umkhosi wehliswa kukumkani uAragon, uPedro III, nosulelekile kukudakumba. I-filipp III isweleke kwisifo esinye. Ilungelo lokufumana itrone eya kumgama oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala noPhilip iv nenkosi yakhe uZhanna. I-Corodotion yenzeka eSaint-Denis Abbey.
Kwezopolitiko zasekhaya
Into yokuqala eyenziwa yiPhilipping, iya kwitrone yokumkani waseFrance, isuswe kwimicimbi yabo bonke abacebisi bakayise kwaye basebenzela imvelaphi yempumlo kwizikhundla zabo. Ezi zenzo zabulala uluntu olunetyala, kwaye i-duot yayicacile kweli lizwe.
Ukuthintela iimfazwe ezigazi, uFilipu wanxunguphele inkqubo yombuso. Walinganisela ifuthe loluntu kunye necawe ukuya kwi-Royal Mandla kwaye wamisela uNondyebo (iCANDELO AMABATHI), kwiNkundla yeParis kunye neNkundla ePhakamileyo - ezona nqanaba ziphakamileyo zaseFrance.
Utshintsho luchaphazele inkqubo yerhafu. Irhafu emhlabeni, ipropathi, urhwebo kunye neentlawulo zevassal zanda, zondela kwirhafu ekuthengisweni kwetyuwa, iiwayini nengqolowa. Enye yezona zinto zinzileyo zengeniso ye-France zantywiliswa ngamaYuda, kwaye ngo-1306 uPhilip Krasivaya wagqiba kwelona nqanaba liphezulu: Wabagxotha kulo lonke ilizwe. Ngokuhamba kwamaYuda, imeko kaRhulumente yaqala ukuba nelifa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zavunyelwa ukuba zibuyele umva. Ukugxothwa okunjalo kwaphindwa ngexesha likaFilipu neendlalifa zakhe ngaphezulu kwesinye.
Ukumkani waseFrance wazama ukwazisa irhafu yecawa. Ngalo mhlaba kwabakho ukungqubana kukaPhilip kunye noTatacim waseRoma viiifacim viii. Ngowama-1296, uTata wapapasha i-bulla, ebanga ookumkani ukuba babonakalise irhafu ukuba bahlawule irhafu, kunye nabameli babefundisi-ukubahlawula ngaphandle kwemvume yepapal. Ukuphendula lo mlinganiso, uFilipu wadala igolide nesilivere eFrance. Oku kubetha ipokotho ye-boniface VIII, kwaye wamngcatsha i-Inkosi Assine. Naye, akazange anikele ingqalelo kwisiqalekiso soPopu-Ukugxininiswa kweFrance kufikeleleke kangangokuba umlawuli wayengenakuqwalaselwa ngombono weCawe.
Imbambano yaphindwa ngo-1301. Kwandula ke iBhiface yathi kuphela imeko kuphela ethathwa nguMongami ukulawula amandla ecawa. UPhilip wanelisekile nguPopu. Uyathatyathwa, aze ke akhululwe, kodwa impilo yengqondo yomlawuli wecawe isuswe ngumonakalo: Uyaphambana kwaye uyafa. Endaweni ye-bubifetion, iposta ithatha i-clementimen v, iGolden yeFransi.
Ngo-1307, uFilipu waba mhle waqalisa ukulwa neetempile, ezamenza iyelenqe ngokuchasene neenkosi zaseFrance, eSpain nase-Itali. Uphando, ulungelelaniswe ngokufihlakeleyo ngeRoma, uqinisekisile ukuba amalungu amabinjwa afumaneka kuwo onke amagunya. Bakhale kwirhafu, amaxabiso anyukayo anyukayo, ebandakanyeka ekuqikeleleni. Ngenxa yoko, onke amalungu avakaliselweyo abanjiwe, kwaye ngo-1311, clememememe v wagqiba kwelokuba atshabalalise iodolo. NgoMatshi 18, 1314, inkosi enkulu kaJean De ibulawe.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle
Njengabangaphambi kwakhe, uFilipu wafuna ukwenza intsika yeFrance ingaphezulu, kwaye ubuncwane buzityebi. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-biography yokumkani kwakungekho manzi amaninzi. Imbambano yokuqala yayiyimfazwe ne-England kwiphondo laseGeni ngo-1294.
UGenie waya kwinkohliso yenkohliso kaFilipu. Wasebenzisa ithuba lokungqubana kwembambano yesiNgesi kunye nabathengisi baseFrance ukuba babize uEduard I, ukumkani waseNgilani. I-Eduarge icekiswe ukuba ihambe i-geni njengexesha elithile de kuqhutywa uphando. UPhilip, umiselweyo kwiPhondo, wabhengeza iMfazwe yeNgilani.
Ngo-1304, umhlaba wagqitywa phakathi kwamazwe, ngokwemigqaliselo yawo, i-Geni yabuya eNgilane. Ngokuyinxalenye yesizathu sehlabathi yayingumtshato wentombi kaPhilipu Isabella ePrince Engulard II.
Ngo-1302, uPhilip walwa nefleyini exhobileyo. Okothusayo kukuba, amajoni angama-2500 kunye nabantwana abangama-4000 baphukile ngamafutha. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, iFrance yaphumelela uloyiso kwaye yathatha izixeko ze-Doe, iLille kunye neBetun.
Ubomi Buqu
UMmiselo wePhilip uNavarroy naseFrance, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uZhanna isuka kwi-1285 ukuya kwi-1314. Ngomtshato owonwabisayo, bazalwa abantwana abasixhenxe, oonyana abane kunye neentombi ezintathu:
- UMargarita (1288). Wayezimisele ukutshata noFernando IV, kwiKing Canforle noLeon, kodwa kwiminyaka eli-12 yasweleka;
- I-Louis x yammkelayo (1289). Wathabatha endaweni katata wakhe kwi-1314, nangoJuni 1316, emva kokudinwa kwe-tennis, iwayini ebandayo inxila kwaye efile inyumonia kunye nokhuselo;
- I-Blanca (1290-1294);
- UPhilip v mde (1291). Imithetho yaseFrance kunye ne-navroj ukusukela kwi-1316. Emva kweminyaka esibhozo, wafa ngenxa yezifo ezininzi;
- Isabella (1292). Ukutshata kwi-Endard yesiNgesi II. Olona tyelekileyo kuphela u-Isabella waba ngomnye wabo bangenzanga inkulungwane yemfazwe phakathi kweNgilani naseFransi;
- I-Karl IV intle (1294-1328). Imigaqo ukusukela nge-1322. Oonyana bakaPhilip I, owashiya imbewu;
- URobert (1297-1308).
Emva kokubhubha kweqabane ngo-1305, uFilipu iv akatshatanga. Kutshiwo ukuba akanawo oyithandayo, wayehlala enyanisekile kwintanda yakhe.
Ukufa
Kwindlela yokusweleka, inkosi enkulu yomyalelo wetemplethi yetemplethi, uJean de oyindoda, waguqukela eClement v noFilipu bahle ngesiqalekiso:
"Ayizukudlula, unyaka, njengoko ndikubiza kwinkundla kaThixo!".Isongelo sazaliseka: kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokubulawa, iClestment yasweleka, yaye ngoNovemba wonyaka-uFilipu mhle.
Unobangela wokusweleka kokumkani yayikukubetha kwengqondo. Intlungu yenzekile ngexesha lokuzingela. Ungcwatyelwe kwi-Saint-Denis basilica eParis.
Imemori
- Kwi-Danciery yaseDonariginery yase-Dante yayihlala ikhankanya uFilipu, yayimbiza ngokuba "iFransi."
- I-Philip kaPhilip Iv intle iphambili kwinoveli ye-Iron "yombhali" wombhali ongumbhali (umjikelo "ongukumkani"). Incwadi ixela ngesiqalekiso, eye yawa ngoFilipu kunye nenzala yakhe kwidolo lesishumi elinesithathu. Imbono iphuhlisa ukuba esi siqalekiso siba ngunobangela wokufa kwendlu yeCapeting. Kwincwadi, uthotho oluthile lwe-endonius lwasuswa-ngo-1972 no-2005. Iindima zikaPhilip zenze iGeorges Marsshal kwaye ihlole iCario. Ukuba uthatha ifoto yomlingisi wesibini kwaye uthelekise imifanekiso yenkosi yaseFrance, unokucinga ukuba ngamawele.
- IGOSA-‧AMARI YOHLOMELWENI ifiywe ngobomi bukaFilipu. Yaboniswa ngo-2011 kwi-tendance "yeentsuku ezisixhenxe zembali".
- Umdlalo wekhompyuter ka-Assassin unomdlalo wekhompyuter ka-Assassi unesaphulelo ngokuphunyezwa kweJean de eyindoda. UPhilip apho kubizwa ngokuba yi "nkosi yentengiso yaseFransi."
- Ngokweziganeko ezifanayo ngo-2017, uthotho "lwakhululwa.