Biography
Abantu abaninzi bengonyama uTolstoy baxutywe kangangokuba ubuhlakani be-Sorp yaseRussia yayinethamsanqa kakhulu kunye nenkosikazi yakhe - ayiziwa ukuba ngubani osanyamezela uxinzelelo lwetalente kunye nesiqingatha senkulungwane. Ke uSophia andrevevie ngokwakhe kwiimemoti ngokungathi ucele uxolelo kwinzala, engazange ibe ngumbhali omkhulu ofanelekileyo kwaye akazange afezekise.Ubuntwana noLutsha
USophia Teltaya, eMafiden Bers, - intombi yesibini yoGqirha kaMoscow, i-heafar Nobleaman AndrestEvich kunye ne-heire yemeko yothando Alexandrovna. I-Ivan Ivan Turgenev yeAkhawunti noodadewabo Tatiana no-Elizabe no-Elizaba wase-Elisa, umama wakwa-hlokra pervara perovna andrei abe ngugqirha wosapho.
Amantombazana afumana imfundo yasekhaya ebukhali, iSophia, ukuya kwenye - iDiploma yeYunivesithi yaseMoscow, enika ilungelo lokufundisa. Ukususela kwiminyaka eli-11 wakhokelela kwidayari, oku ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaguquka yaba yimisebenzi yokubhala epheleleyo.
Phantse ngalo lonke ixesha usapho lwaluhlala kwikomkhulu, kuphela lehlobo lihamba kwilali. Ngosuku olunye, ngo-1861, igrafu eselula yeTolstoy, eyayingaziwa uthando uAlexandrovna, waxhonywa eBersam. I-leo sele izukisile amabali abhalwe ngexesha lobutshaba kwiCaucasus. Umbhali ushiye inkonzo yasemkhosini kwaye wajonga iqabane lobomi, elinokuhambelana neemfuno zalo eziphezulu-zinomtsalane, oluhle, olulula kwaye zisempilweni ukuzala abantwana abasempilweni.
I-Berse yabona kwikholamu ye-Elizabeth. Kwaye kwi-sofye, ngaloo xesha i-healiveman engagungqiyo yaseMitrophen Polivanov yasungulwa kwaye yafumana isivumelwano sokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, uTolstoy kamva wabhala kwiimemo zakhe, ezingaziva ziziva ngathi luhlaza kwaye azifuni kutshata ngokubala. Ngomyalezo we-sofye, nikolayevich yayinguFrank: cinga ukuba uyathandana noElitsaetu - "ukubonakala kobuxoki kunye nokungekho sikweni," wacela kwangoko ukuba atshate.
Kwangoko utata wayechasa, ukhathazwa yintombazana endala. Kodwa ke, loofya, esele ifundile ukuphembelela ngokuqinileyo abantu, bekholisa uAndrei evreatichlovich. Umtshato odlalwa ngeveki emva kwesithembiso saseburhulumenteni.
Umfazi wengonyama uTellstoy
Umtshato kunye nombhali baguqukayo ebomini bukaSophia Andreevna. Ukusuka kwi-SALONS yeNkulumbuso, intombazana eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala yawa kwilali, apho iinkxalabo ezingaziwa ngaphambili zawa kuye kumxholo omkhulu welifa elikhulu, i-accounting yemicimbi. Kwindlu yokubala, kwamangaliswa kukuba kwakungekho bunewunewu, kwaye imikhwa yokuthambisa umyeni wakhe yothukile ixesha lokuqala.
Kwincwadi ethi "Ubomi Bam" kwezona nkcukacha zincinci zichazwa ziinkxalabo zemihla ngemihla zomkhandi oselula. Ijika yaya kwinqanaba lokuba uSophia uthenge iicaps ezimhlophe kunye nee-afrons kwaye wanyanzela abapheki babo ukuba basebenzise. Ibhinqa elithile lahlulele indawo yokuhlala yokuphila kunye neqabane lakhe, kodwa bengavumi ukutshintsha izinto zokomoya. Ukungenela umhla we-1867 kubonisa ukuba loluphi ungeniso lwenziwe kwintsapho yeKholamu:
"Ubomi babuvalwa ngakumbi, ngaphandle kwezehlo, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi besidlangala, ngaphandle kobugcisa kwaye ngaphandle kotshintsho kunye nokuzonwabisa."Ukuzama ukulingana neenjongo zeLeo nikolayevich, uSophia wayengakhululekanga enyamezelela iimfuno ze-Domooevs eziyinyaniso, enza yonke intuthuzelo, efuna yonke into malunga nokulula, njengombhali othandekayo. Andivumelani nendoda yakhe yazivuyisa xa ifikile ebantwaneni. Umkhulu wazala amakhwenkwe ayi-9 namantombazana ama-4, abahlanu abazange babe ngabantu abadala, omnye umntwana akazange anyamezele. Unyana, kuphela xa wakhulela kwaye wafunda iirekhodi zikamama, elungiselela incwadi yokupapasha, ndaqonda ukuba kunzima kangakanani kwi-Sophia Andreevna Biography.
Abantwana uSofi akhulele ngaphandle kwe-nannies nabancedisi, yayikukuba ngokwenqanaba nxamnye nabaphathi. I-mught yayingafaniyo neminqweno yomyeni wakhe ukuba yaneliseke kancinane, izuze ingqesho, kodwa onke amaxabiso ahambisa abasweleyo. Phambi kokuba kukho umceli mngeni ukunika abantwana imfundo, ukubonelela kakuhle ngemali ukuba ijongeke ihle emehlweni abanye. ULevikoyevich ukholelwa ukuba ukugqwesa inkohliso, i-tinese yangaphandle ithintela ukukhangela kweyona ndlela iphakamileyo.
Ukongeza ekusombululeni imicimbi yokucinezela, umbhendi wafumana ixesha lokunceda umbhali kubuchule. USophia Andreevna uthathe indawo yeqabane lonobhala wakho, umguquleli, umhleli. Umntu otyebileyo omnye wagqobhoza izandla ngesandla, waphinda wabhala idrafti yeMisebenzi, apho umbhali waziswa khona. Kuphela "imfazwe noxolo" kwakhona kwincwadana yamanqaku ama-7.
USophia, kwenye imeko, ukusondela kuhlaselo lwehlabathi kwavela ukuba lulawulo oluhle kakhulu. Apho kungekho lwazi kwanele, ukubonisana nabahlobo. Ndiqhelene no-Anna Dostoevskaya, i-vydova perdovich, eyafundisa incwadana enkulu yokupapasha kunye nokuthengisa umsebenzi we-leo.
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ukungavisisani rhoqo kubeke umyeni wakhe nomfazi omnye komnye. Lev Nikolayevich ivakalise ukungoneliseki ngendlela ekwakwenziwa ngayo ubomi. USophia Andreevna wayekhutyekisiwe ngokufanelekileyo, kuba imisebenzi yakhe ayifumananga uphononongo olulindelekileyo. Uye wathi akazange aqonde xa wayelilixesha elahlulele amaqabane ahlulelene amaqabane, kwaye oko wakuxelwa kwangaphambili.
Ukukhangela ukulingana komphefumlo, inqatha laqalisa ukuthatha izifundo zomculo ukusuka kwi-pianist kunye nomqambi weSeney Taneev. Umculi wakhokelela umfazi odiniweyo 'kwiLizwe elimangalisayo, wayeyiholide yobomi. " Olu luhlu lweSophia Sama luchazwa njengothando. Xa uTaneyEv wayehamba, umThetho wawufihla, ngokuqatshelwa kwakhe, kwimisebenzi efikisayo. UDade Tatiana, abantwana i-Ilya, uAlexander noMaria bahlalela umama ukuze banamathele kakhulu komnye umntu. Ngamaxesha athile, abantu abachanileyo babona ithemba lokuba izifundo zomculo ziya kukhula into engaphezulu.
ULevikoyevich naye waqaphela ukutshintsha kwinkosikazi yakhe, kwiidayari, engabizi amagama, wabhala ukuba akazange alale ebusuku, kodwa "engazisolanga, naye." Emva koko, eTaneyEv, ebhekisa kwingqesho, yeka lo nxibelelwano oluhle kakhulu.
Ukukhathalelwa kwengonyama i-Theon Tolstoy ebomini babangela ukuba umnqweno wokuya naye ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, umntu onamabala anamava "anqwenela ukulangazelela izazela" ngokuzisola "ngokunxulumene nomyeni wakhe. Yonke imihla ibhinqa laya kwingcwaba lendoda yakhe elithandekayo kwaye latshintsha apho.
Ukufa
USophia Andreevna wasinda umyeni wakhe kangangeminyaka eli-9. Kwaye le minyaka, umfazi kaLeo Tolstoy wanikezelwa kugcino lwelifa lokuyila lombhali-upapashi intlanganiso, iileta ezixhaphakileyo, zisindiswe impahla yokuqokelelwa kwemyuziyam. KwiManor, amanqatha yayisisikhokelo sokuqala.
USophia wasweleka ngoNovemba we-1919, enokuba kunokwenzeka, ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo. Ingcwabe i-2 km ukusuka kwi-polyana eqhelekileyo, emangcwabeni lelali yeCochaoki, ecaleni kwecawa yecawa yaseNicholas. Kule rapopos kukho amangcwaba otatomkhulu, abazali kunye nabantakwabo u-Nikolayevich, oodade Sofia - Tatyana.
Ukugweba ngefoto epapashwe kwi-Intanethi, akukho zilwanyana pomposis kwi-fieldis, ithole elithobekileyo kuphela kunye neencwadana ezinemihla kunye nemihla.