Biography
I-Sandro Botticelli ngummeli obalaseleyo wokupeyinta i-Florentine yokupeyinta ixesha leQuelate. Emva kokufa, inkosi yaya ento engafunekiyo. Kwaqhubeka kude kube phakathi kwe-Xix inkulungwane, xa uluntu sele livuke emsebenzini kunye nebhayiloji yakhe. Igama le-sandro botticelli iza engqondweni nasemileni, kunye neengcali zenye yokuqala xa kufikwa kubugcisa bokuzalwa ngokutsha.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Inyani enomdla yokuba ayinguye wonke umntu owaziyo malunga: botticelli ayisiyogama lomculi. Ebuntwaneni, igama lakhe lalingu-Airdar di mariano di banny filipipi. NgoMatshi 1, 1445, unyana omncinci - uSandro wazalelwa kwintsapho yaseFlorentine Kozvik mariano. Ukongeza kuye, abazali babenonyana othathu abaphezulu: UGiovanni noSimone ababezinikele kurhwebo, kunye noAntonio, ababenyula ubugcisa obucwebe.
Akukho nzuzo malunga nemvelaphi yefani yomlindi. Ithiyori yokuqala ibophelela igama lesidlaliso le-botticelli enemisebenzi yorhwebo yabantakwethu abadala abaPhambili (i-botticle "njenge-borrel). Abaxhasi belinye i-Interiyor bayakholelwa ekubeni igama lesidlaliso liye eSandro kuMzalwan 'uGiovanni, kodwa ngenxa yesinye isizathu: Wayeyindoda etyebileyo. Abanye abaphandi baxoxa ukuba ifani entsha idlula kwiBoticelli iye komnye umzalwana - uAntonio ("I-Battigello" - "i-chazi yeMicimbi yeSixeko").
Ebutsheni bakhe kangangeminyaka emi-2, uSandro wayengumfundi we-jeweler. Kodwa ngo-1462 (okanye 1464 - izimvo abaphandi diverge) wangena yocweyo lobugcisa kwi fra uFilippo baqi-. Xa iyokugqibela kwi-1467 ishiye iFlorence, uAndrea Verrooko waba ngumcebisi we-genius elizayo. Ngendlela, uLeonardo da Vinci ofunde kwindibano yocweyo ye-vericcan ngexesha elinye neBotticelli. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, ngo-1469, uSandro waqalisa umsebenzi ozimeleyo.
Ukupeyinta
Imihla yokubhala ngqo ipeyinti ayiziwa. Iingcali zichonge imihla eyimizekelo esekwe kuhlalutyo lwesitayile. Umsebenzi owenzile ibali njengowokuqala kwaye ungubanine weBrasuy Botticelli yi "I-allery yamandla." Ibhalwe ngo-1470, yenzelwe iholo yeNkundla yezorhwebo yeFlorentine. Ngoku lolona bonakalise lwegalari ye-UFFIII.
Imisebenzi yokuqala yokuzimela yomculi ikwabandakanya nemifanekiso emininzi yaseMadonn. Olona phawu ludumileyo "lwe-Madonna i-Madonna", ibhalwe malunga ne-1470. Kwangelo xesha linye, iBotticelli ibonakala kwindibano yayo. Unyana woMcebisi wakhe wangaphambili - i-pilpino lippi- iza kwiSandro ngomfundi.
Emva kwe-1470, iimpawu zesitayile ze-Masters ziya zinxulunyaniswa: Iphaleji eqaqambileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwezithunzi zesikhumba kunye nezithunzi ezigcwele Ukufezekiswa kwe-botticelli njenge-paiter kukukwazi ukuphila kunye nokunyanzela idrama yedale, ukuvelisa imifanekiso yentetho, iimvakalelo kunye nentshukumo. Oku kwabonakaliswa ngokuqaqambileyo (1470-1472) iDiptyja malunga neTestamente Endala ye-Jugeth, i-Asyrited Ascadlian Caserfer.
Umfanekiso wokuqala womzimba onqunu eBotticelli ngumfanekiso "oNgcwele Sebastian". Ngomhla we-25 kaJanuwari 20, 1474, yayimelwe ngokubonakalayo ngabahlali besixeko. I-canvas ethe nkqo iposwe kwikholamu yeCawa yaseSanta margiore.
Embindini we-1470s, isandtro ibhekisa kwi-portrait yohlobo lobugcisa obufanelekileyo. Ngeli xesha, i "portrait yembasa engaziwayo ye-kozimo ivele." Yayingubani lo mfana, oboniswe kumfanekiso we-1474-1475, akaziwa. Kukho ingcinga yokuba yinto yokuzingca. Abanye babaphandi bakholelwa ukuba imodeli yomculi yayikhonza uMzalwan 'uAntonio, abanye - ukuba i-canvase ibonakaliswa ngumbhali wembasa okanye ummeli wosapho lwe-medical.
Ngale ntsapho inamandla eFlorentine kunye nendawo ezihlala kuyo, umthendeleko weza kwi-70s. NgoJanuwari 28, 1475 UJuliano Media, umzalwana wentloko ye-Florentine Riphabliki, ethathe inxaxheba kumgangatho, ngaphezulu kwe-botticellied esetyenzisiweyo. Nge-1478, umculi wabhalwa ngumfanekiso kaJuliano ngokwakhe.
Kwi-canvas ezukisiweyo "I-Whoight", Intsapho ye-Medisi iphantse iguqukele ngokupheleleyo nge-retistie. Yayiyinxalenye yazo zombini botticelli, nenani lawo linokubonwa kwikona efanelekileyo.
Epreli 26, 1478 Ngenxa yelecebo lasilela ekuhlaleni amayeza, uJuliano naye wabulawa. Ngokwe-odolo beLorenzo, umzobi wabhala i-fresco ngaphezulu kwamasango ekhokelela kwi-palazso vecchio. Imifanekiso yabaqeshi abaqeshiweyo, eyenziwa yiBotticelli, yayingayimi iminyaka engama-20. Emva kokugxothwa kwiFlorence, umlawuli ongaphantsi wethamsanqa Piero watshatyalaliswa.
Ekupheleni kwe-1470s, umbungu uyathandwa ngaphandle kweTuscany. Utata uSukst Iv unqwenela ukubona uSandro entlokweni yokupeyinta iindonga ze-chapel eyayiselweyo. Ngo-1481, iBotticelli ifika eRoma kwaye kunye namanye amagcisa aqala ukusebenza kwii-Frescoas. Iibhulshi zakhe zezentathu, kuquka "ukuhendela kukaKristu, kunye nemifanekiso yamazwi katata. Emva kweminyaka engama-30, isihluzi seChictul yeSicstini siya kusebenza kuMichelangelo, kwaye kuya kwaziwa kwihlabathi liphela.
Emva kokufumana iVatican, kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-1480s, iBotticelli idala ubugcisa obukhulu. Baphefumlelwe yinkcubeko yamandulo kunye nentanda-bulumko yamadoda, abalandeli beNeoplatosm, ababesondela kuye ngelo xesha. Intwasahlobo, ibhaliwe ngo-1482, ngowona msebenzi ungaqhelekanga wombhali, osele ungazitoliki kakuhle. Kukholelwa ukuba umculi udale umfanekiso, ophefumlelwe ngumbongo "ngohlobo lwezinto" luCia, oko kukuthi, isicatshulwa:
"Nguye umthombo, kwaye iVenus iyahamba, kwaye iVenudu iwiled
I-Bulletin iphambili, kwaye, i-marshmalls, phambi kwabo
Ukuhamba umama we-flora kwaye, iintyatyambo ezisasazekileyo,
Intlungu igcwalisa yonke into kwaye iphunga lento emnandi ...
Imimoya, uthixokazi, zibaleka phambi kwakho; Ngomgangatho wakho
Amafu Aya Ezulwini, Umthamo wenkolo
Ikhaphethi yeentyatyambo yensimbi,
Kwaye intamo ye-Azure iyakhanyisa ukukhanya kwezikhukula '
Lo mfanekiso, kunye nezinye iiperile ezimbini zeli xesha, i-Pallada kunye neCentaur Canvas kunye nokuzalwa kweVerenu, i-Orenzo's Lorenzo Dified Piersi, i-Dead yaseDuke Fedsi. Ukunika uphawu lwale misebenzi mithathu, abaphandi baphawula iimvumi kunye nemigca yeplastiki, imvakalelo yesingqisho kunye nemvisiswano, ebonakaliswa ngamaxesha athile.
Ekupheleni kwe-1470s - ekuqaleni ko-1480s, iBotticelli isebenza kwimifanekiso yaseDante '. Ukusuka kwimizobo yepeni, bambalwa, phakathi kwabo - "Inzonzobila yesihogo" sasinda. Ukusuka kwimisebenzi yeli xesha, "uMadonna ngomntwana etroneni" (1484), "i-intertenaction cheetello" (1484-1490), i-TDDO "(1481-1485) kunye" ne-madonna nge grenade " (Kulungile 1487).
Ngo-1490-1500, iBotticelli yayiphenjelelwa ziimfundiso ze-Dominican Dzerolal Savnarororolarol, egxeka imiyalelo yeCawe kunye nokungaphezulu kobomi behlabathi. Ngena nokubongoza izibongozo kunye nenguquko, uSandro waqala ukusebenzisa ubumnyama kunye nokuthintela imithunzi.
Imihlaba kunye nezinto zangaphakathi zanyamalala kwiimvelaphi ze-porrait, ezinokubonwa kwi "Danto Porrait" (Approtrait "(Approtrait. 1495). Ibhalwe ngo-1490 "uJudith, washiya intente kaThixo" kunye "nokuzila kukaKristu" - uphawu lwexesha lomsebenzi we-uperter.
Isityholo sikaSavanarola e-Yersi kunye nokuphunyezwa kwi-1498th, nangaphambi kokuba - ukufa kuka-Lorenzo Medicari kunye nochulumanyo lwezobupolitika ababelandela i-tuscany shop chook botticelli. Imfihlakalo kunye ne-filtical kubuchule bongezwe. "Ikrisimesi engaqondakaliyo" yeli xesha lesikhumbuzo esiphambili ngeli xesha kunye nomsebenzi wokugqibela womculi.
Ubomi Buqu
Malunga nobomi bobuqu be-botticelli ayazi kancinci. Umculi wayengenawo umfazi nabantwana. Inani labaphandi likholelwa ukuba uSandro wayethandana ne-vespecci simoneette - ubuhle bokuqala beFlorence kunye nenenekazi lentliziyo yeJuliano.
Usebenze njengemodeli yeepeyinti ezininzi zepeyinti. Umonette wasweleka ngo-1476 eneminyaka engama-23.
Ukufa
Kule minyaka ingama-4,5 yokugqibela, iBotticelli ayibhalenga kwaye ihlala kwintlupheko. Inkosi enkulu yobudala beQela leQela lingcwatyelwe kumangcwaba le-Florentine Church ye-Ontisantii nge-17 kaMeyi, i-1510.Sebenza
- KULUNGILE. I-1470 - "Alllery wamandla"
- KULUNGILE. I-1470 - "Ii-Werches"
- Kulungile.1470 - "Madonna Eucharist"
- I-1474 - "Saint sebastian"
- I-1474-1475 - "I-PRORTRAIT YAMAYITI YENKONZO YAMADOZO
- KULUNGILE. I-1475 - "I-PRORTRAIT ye-Juliano"
- I-1481-1485 - "IMadonna Innetion"
- KULUNGILE. I-1482 - "intwasahlobo"
- I-1482-1483 - "Pallada kunye neCentaur"
- KULUNGILE. I-1485 - "iVenus kunye neMars"
- KULUNGILE. 1485 - "Ukuzalwa kweVenus"
- KULUNGILE. I-1487 - "Madonna ene-grenade"
- KULUNGILE. 1490 - "Ukuthumela Kuthunyelwe Krestu"
- KULUNGILE. I-1495 - "Ukuhleba"
- KULUNGILE. I-1495 - "I-PRRAIT YODANTE"
- 1495-1500 - "uJudith, eshiya intente yeOolferNN
- I-1500 - "iKrisimesi engaqondakaliyo"