Biography
UFrederick Itall yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuncwadi lwehlabathi. Ayisiyo kuphela inoveli, ii-biografies, ii-goririsms kunye nemijikelezo yamanqaku okuhamba e-Itali, ezizinikeleyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi, kodwa kunye ne-ivols ye "Psycholocal", xa inyani yaqala ukubhekisa kwimeko yehlabathi elingaphakathi yomntu oqhelekileyo oneengxaki zakhe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UMarie Henri Bale (Eli ligama lombhali) lazalwa ngoJanuwari 23, 1783 kwidolophu encinci yokugcwala emazantsi-mpuma eFrance. Utata wakhe uSherben Bale wayeligqwetha. Umama kaHenrietta Bale wasweleka xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka esi-7 kuphela ubudala. Ukuphakanyiswa koNyana kwawa emagxeni kaBawo notata.
Kodwa babengenalo ubudlelwane bokholo olufudumeleyo. Utat'omkhulu uH hanon waba ngumcebisi kunye notitshala ngekamva lombhali waseFransi odumileyo. Isicatshulwa mbezi ngaye:
"Ndikhe ndaziswa ngutat'omkhulu wam uHenri Ganon. Le ndoda inqabileyo ngexesha elinye i-pilgrimage ematyeni ukuze ibone i-voltaire, kwaye zamkelwa ngokugqibeleleyo. "Inkwenkwe yeza kwisikolo esiphakathi sasekhaya esinemithwalo ebanzi yolwazi. Imfundo yasekhaya, uMatat'omkhulu, wayelungile kangangokuba uMarie-Henri wabanjwa kuyo kuphela iminyaka emi-3 kuphela. Esikolweni, wanikela ingqalelo enkulu kwiziLatini, isayensi echanekileyo kunye nefilosofi. Ngapha koko, wabukela ngokusondeleyo ukutshintsha kwe-French French kunye nokomeleza i-napoleon Boonaparte.
Ngo-1799, i-Stail ishiya isikolo kwaye ihamba ukuya eParis. Injongo yakhe yamkelwa kwiSikolo sasePolytechnic, kodwa imibono yenguqu ayiyishiyanga ingqondo. Ke ngoko, umfana uye kwinkonzo emkhosini, apho afumana isihloko senkcazelo. Emva kwexesha elithile, ngenxa yobudlelwane bomntwana, umbhali uguqulelwa kwi-Itali. Ukusukela ngeli xesha, uthando lweli lizwe luqale, oluya kutshabalalisa ubomi bakhe bonke kwaye luya kuba ngomnye wabaphambili bomsebenzi wakhe.
Ngasihlandlo sithile, uMari-henry wenza iJamani ne-Austria. Uhambo ngalunye lwaphawulwa ngokukhokelwa kwamanqaku, apho ubugcisa buchazwe ngokweenkcukacha, ngakumbi umculo, ukupeyinta kunye nemibongo. Inxalenye yesithathu yala manqaku yayilahlekile xa iwela iBerezin.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha elithile, imeko itshintsha ngokumangalisayo. I-Statal iye yaphoxeka: Imigaqo-nkqubo yeNapoleon yayahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, uthatha isigqibo sokuyeka umkhosi kwaye ubuyela eFransi. Emva koko, umbhali unesizathu seParis. Ilichitha ixesha lakhe kufundo lweFilology (kubandakanya isiNgesi), kunye nefilosofi.
Indalo
Emva kokuba uNapoleon wawa, usana olungu-bourbon lubuyela kwitrone yaseFransi. Ukumiswa kwenqaba ukwamkela eli gunya, kunjalo namehlo akhe kunye namagqabi eMilan. Apho uya kuhlala iminyaka eli-7. Ngeli xesha, imisebenzi yokuqala yombhali ivela, imisebenzi yakuqala yombhali ivela: "IGedana, iMozastart noPestasio", "Imbali yokupeyinta e-Itali", "I-Roma, eNaples kunye neForence ngo-1817". Wabonakala ke uPosengweniy, enyanisweni, eyindlu kaJohann Pevelman - i-piddal. Iya kuza kwicala elifanelekileyo kuphela kwi-20s.
Ngexesha lobomi bakhe e-Itali, kuma eminye ikwakwazi ukuya kwi-Carbodiari. Kodwa ngenxa yentshutshiso endandiyisamyisa ngokungxamayo kwilizwe lasekhaya. Ekuqaleni, izinto zahamba kakubi: igama elithandekayo lalinikwe umbhali, kuba amahemuhetye afikelele eFransi nabameli beekhabhothi. Umbhali kwakufuneka aziphathe ngononophelo kangangoko ukuqhubela phambili imisebenzi yoncwadi. Ngo-1822, incwadi ethi "Ngothando", iguqula umbono wobuntu bombhali.
"I-DARSUS" yapapashwa ngo-1827, kwaye kwiminyaka embalwa - inoveli "uVanina vani", exelela malunga nonxibelelwano lwentombi engu-Aristocran kunye ne-carbonarian ebanjiweyo. Kukho iintengiso zika-1961, ezibhekiswa nguRoberto Rsssellini. Okulandelayo kule mveliso yeyona "ndawo ye-resellro" esele ikwiincwadi ze-Italiyane.
Ngo-1830, imizekelo ibhala enye yeenoveli zakhe ezidumileyo - "ibomvu kwaye zimnyama". Ibali lalisekwe kwibali elaliwa kumaphepha amaphephandaba kwicandelo lezo-mthetho. Nangona lo msebenzi wawubizwa emva koko iiklasikhi, enyanisweni, kwakunzima ukuyima kunzima. Wayengenayo umsebenzi osisigxina nemali eyayinefuthe elibi kuxolo lwengqondo. Namhlanje, inoveli idume kakhulu, yayili-7 ethathwe kwiifilimu zefayili kunye neeseti.
Kwakuloo nyaka, ubomi obutsha buqala ngombhali. Ungena kwinkonzo yokugcina imikhosi yamaqabane, emva kokudluliselwa kwe-rhulumentetitavekkki, apho ooveli bazohlala khona ubomi bakhe bonke. Wazishiya uncwadi. Umsebenzi uthathe ixesha elininzi, kwaye isixeko sasingayiphelisi ubuchule. Owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo ngeli xesha waba ngumdlalo we "Parm" - inoveli yokugqibela egqityiweyo, epapashiweyo ngexesha lobomi bombhali. Isifo esikhulayo ngokukhawuleza sathatha imikhosi yokugqibela.
Ubomi Buqu
Kubomi bobuqu, umbhali wayengenathamsanqa. Abafazi abadibana nabo kwindlela yobomi, abazange bahlala ixesha elide. Wayenothando kakhulu, kodwa iimvakalelo zakhe zihlala zingafanelekanga. Umbhali akafuni ukuphelela ngokwakhe ngamabinzana omtshato, kuba sele enxulumene ngokuqinileyo noncwadi. Wayengenabantwana.
Impatho enzulu entliziyweni yombhali ishiye iqabane lika-Yana Debovsky (Pole ngobuzwe) - Matilda Wilda Wiland. Nguye onikezelwe kwincwadi ethi "Ngothando". IMatilda yayibanda kakhulu ngokunxulumene neBale, kwaye idangatye ngaphakathi kuye lalilindile. Akukaziwa ukuba liza kuphela njani eli bali, kodwa uItal wanyanzelwa ukuba aye eNgilane, efihle kubasemagunyeni. I-Wiscontini iyafa ngeli xesha. Wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu ubudala.
Ukufa
Rhoqo ngonyaka inoveli yayisiya ikhula. Oogqirha bafumene i-syphilis kuye, banqatshelwe ukuya ngaphaya kweSixeko kwaye bagcine ipensile yokubhala. Bhala iincwadi ngokuzimeleyo uSital akasekho, ufuna uncedo. Ke ngoko, uxela imisebenzi yakhe yokuthumela ephepheni. Iziyobisi ezimiselweyo ngokuthe ngcembe zathatha amandla okugqibela. Kodwa iveki ngaphambi komhla wokufa, umntu ofayo uvunyelwe ukuya eParis, yitsho kakuhle.
Imel ifa kwikomkhulu laseFransi, xa ihambahamba ezitratweni zedolophu, ngo-1842. Okumangalisayo, ngokwam ngokwam ngokucacileyo phantse iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi koko. Namhlanje, unobangela wezazinzulu zokufa zibonisa ukubetha. Kwakuyibhulukhwe yesibini, ke umzimba awunakuma. KwiTestamente eNgenam, umbhali wavakalisa okokugqibela uya kuba nelitye. Kuya kubakho i-epitaph e-Itali:
"I-terigo bale. Milanese. Wabhala, waphila, waphila. "Intando yendawo yenziwa kuphela emva kwenkulungwane yenkulungwane, xa ndachaza ingcwaba lakhe kumangcwaba aseMontmarte, kwisithili saseParis waseParis.
Ukucaphula imilinganiselo
"Ukuguquguquka kwengqondo kunokuba kuthatha indawo yobuhle." "Akunakwenzeka ukuba ubizelwe ipolitiki ukuba awunamonde kunye nokukwazi ukuthintela ingcinga ebubuxoki ukuba yenzeka nathi. Ngenxa yoko, ulwazi olunzulu lwabantu kunye nokugwetywa ngokugweba kusizisa kulonwabo. "" Uthando lubugcisa bokunika abantu imisebenzi yencwadi kunye neenkolelo zangoku, kunye nolonwabo lwangoku, lunokuzenzela ulonwabo lwangoku. "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1827 - "Armanans"
- 1829 - "uVanina evani"
- Ngo-1830- "bomvu kwaye bamnyama"
- 1832 - "Iinkumbulo ze-EGOR"
- Ngo-1834 - Lucien Leuven "
- Ngo-1835 - "Ubomi bukaHenri Blyrara"
- Ngo-1839 - "Lamel"
- Ngo-1839 - "Ukuthatha Okukhululekileyo '
- Ngo-1839 - "Umhlali Parm"