Biography
Akukho nanye isizukulwana saseSoviet wesikolo saseSoviet sikhule kwiivesi zabantwana kunye neendawo zerina tookmakova. "Mhlawumbi i-zero ayinatyala?", "Alya, iKleaxich kunye neleta engu-", "kunye nentsasa yobumnandi", "yonke intetho kule misebenzi iyagcwala ngobubele kwaye inyibilike, isuntswana loMbhali ngokwakhe. Ubomi bakhe bonke, i-Irina Petrovna yasebenza kwintsimi yobuchule babantwana: eyaziwa ngokuba ziinguqulelo ezibukhali zemisebenzi yababhali bamanye amazwe kubafundi abancinci.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Irina Petrovna yazalwa nge-3 kaMatshi ngo-1929 eMoscow. Utata uPeter Manukov (Manuukian) wasebenza njengonjineli wombane. Umama Lydia Dilgenskaya - ngomsebenzi wase-Pediatrician, wentloko yendlu yeMetropolitan ". Apha kumgangatho wokuqala kwaye waphila usapho lweManukov, kwakungekho ezinye izindlu.
Enye indlu yayingu-Aunti kaBawo, wayekhuliswa kukukhuliswa kuka-Ira noDade wakhe omncinci uElena, ifama yakhokelela, walungiselela. U-Lidiya Alexandrovna wasebenza kakhulu: ngokuhambelana nenkonzo ephambili efundiswe kwiZiko le-1 lezoNyango labantwana.
"Onke ubuntwana bam Umama wabandakanyeka kwisayensi kunye nabanye abantwana babanye abantu kunentombi yakhe ezimbini," uIrina Petrovna wakhumbula.I-Pope's Poitt "Pope" yathandwa kakhulu ngumsebenzi kaCungkin. Ihlala ityiwa i-Iru encinci emadolweni kwaye iphinde iphinde imibongo. Utata notata bathetha nabantwana nangesiRamia. Mhlawumbi, ke, iilwimi zanikwa irina ngokulula. Esikolweni, ndandikuvuyela ukufundisa isiJamani, ndithanda isiNgesi. Kwaye le ntombazana yayinikwa ngokulula imvano-siphelo, kwaye ngandlela ithile ayisebenzi kakuhle waqala ukubhala imibongo.
Ngo-1941, i-Irina Intsapho yasuswa ePuza. Emva kwemfazwe, i-manukov yabuyela eMoscow kwakhona. Iklasi yokuthweswa isidanga yayisondela, kwaye i-Irina yaqalisa ukulungiselela ukwamkelwa kwi-faculty ye-MSU, etshintshe isigqibo sexesha elide ukufaka i-TittitIstitlemy yezolimo.
KwiDyunivesithi, le ntombazana ithathe ngaphandle kovavanyo enkosi ngembasa yegolide. Ngokulinganayo, ngembeko, baphumelele eyunivesithi kwaye bangenela isikolo.
Uncwadi
Ngexesha lokufunda kwakhe kwisikolo samabanga athile, uIrina wayetshatile kumculi uLvom TokMakov kwaye wasebenza njengesikhokelo soguqulo. Nje ukuba abakhenkethi baseSweden bafika kuye kwiqela, kwaqala incoko. Undwendwe lwamangaliswa kukuba uTokmakov uyakwazi ulwimi lwayo lobunye (ulwimi lwesibini eyunivesithi), uthanda umbongo weSwiden. Ukufika kwakhe kwiNand yasekhaya, wathumela ingqokelela entsha yeengoma zeSweden. I-IRINA ngokukhawuleza iguqulele nje abambalwa kwaye yaqala ukufunda unyana omncinci.
Umlingane ngokufihlakeleyo uthathe iinguqulelo zemibongo kwindlu yokupapashwa kwabantwana, kwaye kungekudala babeshicilelwa: ngo-1961, iNcwadi yokuqala yeTokMakova "yenyosi iya kukhokelela umdaniso". I-Irina ephefumlelweyo yayishiyiwe i-thesis kwaye yaqala ukungaguquleli ngakumbi, kodwa nokubhala imibongo yabo.
"Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ndaqala ukwenza imibongo, xa ndandisesikolweni, kodwa ndafumana uvavanyo olubi kwimibhalo yam ndaye ndayeka udliwanondlebe.Uvavanyo olubi lobuchule lwe-Thmmakova banike imbongi edumileyo ye-leadev-kumach - Into oyithandayo kaJoseph Stalin kunye nabo bonke abantu baseSoviet. Incwadana enendinyana IRA inikelwe ngentombi yakhe - amantombazana afunda kwiklasi enye. Kodwa enye imbongi ebalaseleyo - uSamuel Marshak, ngokuchasene noko, wabuya uIrina ukuya nokuyila, ephefumlelweyo kwaye wavula iphepha elitsha kwibhayiloji. Imbongi yabantwana ifundwe iinguqulelo zemibongo yabantwana iRina Tokmakova eMurzilka, yabizwa kwaye yamenyelwa.
"Wayethetha ngokungathi yiMarshake kwaye iMarshake. Ndaphuma kuye, kwaye ngokungathi kum ngaphakathi kwi-bulb yokukhanya, "ndawukhumbula lo mzuzu we-poetess.Kwaye ke uSamuel Yakovlevich wacebisa uIrina Tokmakov kwimanyano yababhali. Ngeli xesha, incwadi yakhe yokuqala sele ishicilelwe - ingqokelela yemibongo "yemithi", ebonisa ingonyama uTokmakov. Kukho "amaxesha onyaka" (1962), "i-Starrells" (1963). Kwi-70s, ukulungelelaniswa okokuqala kwemisebenzi ye-Irina Tokmakova: I-cartoons "iplanethi engaqondakaliyo", "1974)," Rostik noKesha "(1979).
Umbhali ngokwakhe ubiza imibongo "yomdlalo kunye novuyo." Kwanalophawu oluphambili lwelizwe - isikwere esibomvu-ibhala ngokulula, yedwa kwaye ukwenze okokuqala. Kwaye ubuchule bukaIrina Petrovna bahlala bethwala umsebenzi wokufundisa. Ngezi ndinyana ze-bastard ukuza kuthi ga kule mini ngokulula ifumana ngenkukhuma i-alfabhethi, i-akhawunti, amanqaku oliphu. Umbhali wenza nje oonobumba kunye namanani abalinganiswa abaphambili beentsomi zakhe kwaye bavunyelwe ukuba babonise i-Adventures. Ke bazalwa bengatshatanga ngabantwana "baseZe, ukuba bangabi natyala" (1984), "Alya, iKleaxich kunye namanye amabali namabali.
Kwiminyaka yee-80s, umbhali uyabhenela ngakumbi ukuqokelela. I-Odin emva kokuba enye iphuma kwipeni yakhe, "kwaye intsasa yonwabisayo iya kuza", "uMaryusya uza kubuya kwakhona", "onwabile, ivushin." Abalinganiswa babo abaphambili baba ngabafana abanesibindi abanobuhlobo kwaye bakholelwa ukuba okuhle kuphumelela ububi.
Igalelo lika-Irina Potrovna kwinguqulelo yoncwadi inkulu. Kwingxelo yakhe eziguqulelayo ezinjengo "Peter Peng" uJames Barry, "Mio, i-Astrid Lindgren," I-Alice Marroll "i-charrorland" i-jeese ye-geese "ye-selma ilagerlef kunye nezinye. Kodwa ngemisebenzi ye-teantasy yanamhlanje engavunyelwanga ukusebenza.
"Inani labafundi bakhe (uhlobo) abalandeli bakhulu, kodwa andisiboni ingenelo ngokufunda i-fantasy, kodwa kukho ingozi. Kukhathalelo kubomi benene, "utshilo.I-poetess kwaye iprose kakhulu iye emhlabeni: isebenza kwijaji yeBhaso leHlabathi G. H. Andersen, yayililungu leKomiti Elawulayo yeBhunga labantwana kwiHlabathi liphela (iBby). Kwaye ngokwakhe wanika iRekhodiya yeRekhodiya: ophumeleleyo kwiBhaso leRussia kunye neBhaso leRashiya egama linguAlexander Green Green.
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye neqabane elizayo, umzobi uLvom Alekseevich Tokmakov, umbhali wadibana, ukuba kunyaka wesithathu wePhilfak. Umfana ke wagqiba isikolo se-stroganov, emva koko wemka kuzo zonke ii-Urals - ukusebenza ekusasazweni. Ke eso sibini satshata kuphela kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, kwi-50s. Kungekudala iqabane labazali baka Nyanasi.
YayinguLeviaeevich obuyayo umfazi wakhe ukuba abuyekeze ubuchule, kwaye ubomi bomfazi basebenza kwiTandem: Wabhala incwadi, kwaye wenza imizekeliso kubo. Ukubuyela omnye komnye ngoncedo okanye ingcebiso yayiqhelekile kubo.
"Wayengumfundi wokuqala wemisebenzi yam kunye nomhleli wokuqala. Into engqongqo kakhulu, kodwa ilungile. Ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe, akukho nto yapapashwa. Ngamnye wethu wayehlonipha kwaye waxabisa uluvo lomnye. Kwakungekho nkqonkqonweni, yangakhathali. URina Petrovna waxelelwa ukuba unethamsanqa.Unyana kaVasily Tokmakov wahamba emanyathelweni kanina, waba ngumbhali, umbhali weencwadi ezininzi zabahlali.
Ngo-2010, kunyaka wama-830 wobomi, uLevi Alekseevich wasweleka. Kwakuloo nyaka, i-Irina Petrovna yaphulukana nonyana wakhe. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi, umbhali uxhasa umzukulwana kaLidiya.
Ukufa
Irina Petrovna Tokmakova wasweleka nge-5 ka-Epreli, ngo-2018 wangcwatywa ecaleni kweqabane lakhe kwi-Armerian yamangcwaba.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umbhali, ukongeza kwiinguqulelo, usebenze kwiprojekthi ye-anthology ye-poet yombongo wembongi yabantwana "ngemifanekiso eqaqambileyo kunye neefoto. Ibhala ividiyo yeVidiyo malunga nesiXeko esithandekayo, ebumnyameni ubuntwana kunye namanye amaxesha ebhayiloji yabo.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1962 - "Amaxesha"
- Ngo-1962 - "Imithi"
- Ngo-1963 - "inkwenkwezi"
- Ngo-1966 - "Pines Noisy"
- Ngo-1970 - "Tale malunga ne-sasanchik"
- Ngo-1970 - "I-Zheinki-Counter"
- Ngo-1980 - "ihlamba yehlobo"
- Ngo-1981 - "amaXensies"
- Ngo-1984 - "Mhlawumbi i-zero ayifanelanga tyala?"
- Ngo-1968 - "Alya, iKleaxich kunye neleta"
- Ngo-1986 - "Ukuya kwakholeka kuya"
- Ngo-1991 - "Ngovuyo, ivushin!"
- Ngo-2013 - "i-plm"