Biography
"I-Beatles" liqela le-phenomenon, ngaphandle komculo wale mihla ungayahluke ngokupheleleyo. Yonke imvumi yesibini namhlanje ivakalisa ukuba ubuchule 'bokufudusa' bamchaphazela, nokuba yeyiphi na ilizwe ahlala kuyo. Intengiso iyonke yeepleyiti, iikhasethi kunye neediski zeqela zigqithile kwiikopi ezili-1 zeekopi. Uhlobo lwe "Ukubetha" akunakuba ludidekile naye nabani na - abanakumamela, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba azi.Imbali yendalo kunye nokuqulunqwa
Imbali yomDinisiweyo yaqala eBritani ye-50s, kwixesha lamaqela omculo. Nabani na ongena okungenani ukwazi kancinci ukuba angadlala igitare, imigqomo okanye uBhanjo, efunekile ukuya kwi "Band".
Ngo-1956, uJohn Lennon, kunye nabahlobo besikolo, wadala iqela le-quarrymen, umxube wokuqala welitye lesiNgesi kunye nejazz. Epati, uJohn wadibana noPaul McCartney kwaye ethandwa ukuba uza kuqonda kangakanani ngomculo: Umgangatho wadlala igitare kakuhle, wayenokumlungiselela kwaye athatyathwe ngokulula hits yakhe edumileyo kumhumi wakhe.
UJohn ngokwakhe wezazisi kuphela isixhobo kwaye wayesazi indlela yokuthatha i-gitar chords kuphela kwimitya emi-4, njengangoko uBharna, wamema umhlobo omtsha kwiqela lakhe. Emva kwexesha umhlobo wakho uGeorge Harrison wazibandakanya nabo.
Xa isikolo sasala ngasemva kwaye sifuneka senze isigqibo sokuba wenze ntoni emva koko, zontathu zontathu ngaphandle kokuthandabuza ikhetho umculo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bavumile ukuba iqela lifuna igama elitsha. Iinketho zahamba kakhulu: "I-Rimerbow", "Johnny kunye nezinja", "Bambi" - amaBanga. Inketho yokugqibela kwaye ubeke igama le-jikelele.
Kukho imbali yokuba uLennon wabona igama libethe iphupha-ngequbuliso indoda ivele edangatyeni kwaye yayalela ukuba iqela lifanele libizwe njani. Ngokwenguqulelo elula, uLizwi wanyulelwa ngoba bekukho ingcambu, intsingiselo yesifuba esinemvaphulelo okanye idrum.
NgoJanuwari 1960, uStewart Satliffe wazibandakanya neemvumi, owathi wafumana igitari yebhasi, nangona kwakufuneka afunde ukudlala ngokwenyani "endleleni." Ngeli xesha, le qela lenziwa kwi-Liverpool yakhe kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isusiwe ngaphezulu kwe-UK. Ehlotyeni lwehlobo lokubetha kwezathethwa kwe-hamburg. Ukwamkela isimemo kwaye sivele kwinqanaba ngohlobo lweqela le-bit ye-bit, kwafuneka bafumane ngokukhawuleza abadli. Baye baba ngcono, ngubani owenziweyo kwi-Livertool ekhwaza i-blackjacks.
Utyelelo lokuqala lwango-nye lwaphathwa phantsi kweemeko kufutshane: Kwakuninzi ukusebenza, intlawulo yayiphantsi, iingxaki ezazivela amaxwebhu, ngenxa yokuba kugxothwa iimvumi. Ngaphandle kwale nto, ngonyaka, i-bitlerles this torsists, sifumene isimemo sokuphinda-phinda iHamburg, savuma, kwaye ngeli xesha yonke into yayalela kakhulu.
EJamani, iimvumi ziqhelene ne-asthana i-asthana i-kirgerr, umfundi weKholeji ye-ART, eyanenoveli ene-satcliffe. Nguye owalungelelanisa iseshoni yokuqala yeForicy yeqela kwaye yawamisa umfanekiso woqobo: iinwele ezintsha, endaweni yekonsathi yesango elidlulileyo-iijekethi.
Ikhaya "ukubetha" kubuya kwiQetTETX: IGuitarist ye-Bass igqibe ekubeni ihlale eJamani kunye ne-asthana. Apho uStewart waduma njengomculi onemifanekiso, kodwa i-Dreagraphy yakhe yokuyila yavela ukuba imfutshane kakhulu: Kwiminyaka engama-21 ubudala, umfana wasweleka kwi-hemorthage kwingqondo.
Kwiminyaka emi-2 elandelayo, iimvumi ziyenziwa rhoqo kwidolophu yabo, kwiklabhu yeCavern. Ngo-1961-1963, badlala iikhonsathi ezingama-262 apho. Ukuthandwa kweqela kukhule, nangona emva koko kwakufuneka i-pesrtore yabo yayingabaphambukeli kwimisebenzi yomculo. UDulk ongumbhali kaPaul noJohn badala iingoma ezintsha, kodwa bakhetha ukuzibeka etafileni, ngaphandle kwethemba lokuphumelela. Umsebenzi wabona ukukhanya kuphela xa iBicles ifumene umvelisi - uBrian Epstani.
Ngaphambi koko, i-eptoyna yayingenamava obuchule ekukhuthazeni: ngaphambi kokuba imazi iimvumi, wathengisa iipleyiti, kodwa ubuchule bobuqhetseba obuncinci kubonakala buthembisa ngo-brawan. Uninzi lweelebheli zenzondelelo zakhe zange babelane, kodwa ukwazile ukufezekisa isivumelwano kunye ne-EMI qinile ngemeko yokuba aba bantu babhale okungenani iingoma ezi-4 ubuncinci.
"Wapeyintwe ukuba kufuneka senziwe, kwaye oku kwabonakala ngathi kuyinyani kule nto," ukhumbula uLennan. Waza kwavela uBrian, sasihlala njengephupha. "
Ngaphambi kokurekhoda i-albhamu yokuqala, iqela lasekhohlo lisezantsi. Ukuthanda amantombazana kunye nelona lungu lihle, akazange ajamelane nomsebenzi wesitudiyo, obengengomzekelo onzima ngakumbi kwikonsathi, kwaye wanyanzelwa ukuba ashiye iqela. Nge-16 ka-Agasti ka-1962, iRirio Starr yajoyina iBeatles.
Umculo
Ngo-1963, i-bitut albhamu "ukubetha" ndicela undithande. Lo mbandela waqokelelwa kwisantya sothusayo kwaye ilawulwa phantse ngomhla. Ukongeza kwezinye ii-hits zabanye abantu, iingoma zombhali waseLennon noMccartney zingenise. Iimvumi zavumelana kwangaphambili ukuba iingoma ezimbini ziya kusayina, kwaye zigcinile esi siko lada ekugqibeleni, nangona iingoma zokugqibela zabhalwa ngokwahlukeneyo.Kwakuloo nyaka, i-bitlz i-bitgraphy ye-bitlz iphinde yagcwaliswa i-albhamu yesibini kunye neeBeatles, ezaba sisiqalo sikaBitleania kwikhaya leemvumi. Ubungakanani beendlela zokuzonwabisa, imithombo yeendaba ye-nonji "ye-histeria" yavela ukuba ingaqhelekanga: Iintetho zazifumana amanqaku apheleleyo, kodwa kwakufika iiholo kuphela hayi kuphela iiholo, kodwa neendlela ezikufutshane zazilungele ukuma okungenani Ikhonsathi iyavuma. Ihlombe kwaye ivuyiwe ngamanye amaxesha ibaleke ukuba iimvumi aziziva ngentetho.
Ngo-1964, i-bitleania ikhupha i-United States. Kwiminyaka emi-2 elandelayo, iimvumi ezilandelayo, iimvumi zihlala ngokweshedyuli epeyintwe kwimizuzu: ukhenketho, iikonsathi, sebenza kwi-TV, i-TV kwi-vioma ayikanikanga i-cinema kwaye i-rinema ayinikanga ukuphinda kwenziwe i-cinema. Ngeli xesha, iqela laseBritane le-Bhritane elivela kwiLiverpool irekhodwe kwii-albhamu ezi-5 kunye ne-2 iikliphu - umbhali wephepha kunye nemvula.
Ngaphandle kweShedyuli etyhafileyo, iimvumi zafumana ixesha lobomi bakho, ukuzama, nangona kunjalo, ufihle kubalandeli. UJohn wokuqala otshatileyo uJohn Lennon ngo-1962. Umtshato apho unyana kaJulian wazalwa kungekudala, wakhwela iminyaka emi-6 kwaye wahlukana xa imvumi yadibana ngayo. IJapan eyogqithisiweyo itshintshe ubomi bonke bukaLennon kwaye bangenelela ngenkuthalo kwimicimbi yeqela, awayedidekile kwezinye iimvumi. Yayiyi-lennon yakhe yanikezelwa kwi-ballad ayindihli.
I-ringo Starr yajoyina umtshato-ngeMaurein Cox babephila iminyaka eli-10 kwaye bazala abantwana abathathu. UGeorge Harrison uthanda iParaty boyd ngo-1966, kodwa ngo-1974, iqabane lomlingane lamshiya laya e-Eric Clapton. UPaul McCartney ngo-1968 wagqiba umtshato noLinda Eastman, awayephila kulo de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe.
Ngo-1965, eli qela lafumana i-odolo yoBukhosi baseBritane ngegalelo lakhe kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko, olubangela isikhubekiso esikhulu. Ngaphambili, kwakungekho zimvumi phakathi kwabanini bebhaso eliphakamileyo, kwaye abanye babathengisi babhengeza ukuthandabuza ukuba bakwazi ukuma "umqolo omnye ngezithixo." Kwiminyaka emi-4 kamva, uLennon wabhengeza uqhanqalazo malunga nongenelelo lwe-UK kwiMfazwe yaseBiafro-nigerian kwaye ubuyise iodolo.
Imuvi
Okokuqala ngqa, isibindi sesine sehaidi kwi-cinema ngo-1964. "Ubusuku bosuku olunzima" zenziwa ngohlobo lwefilimu yomdlalo kwaye ilungiselelwe kwiiveki nje ezi-8. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo evela kwiimvumi akudingekanga: yayiyimovie malunga nobomi bemihla ngemihla yeqela - iikonsane, abalandeli, ukhenketho. Ifilimu iphumelele phakathi kwabalandeli kwaye yatyunjwa i-oscar kabini, kwaye isandi esikhuphe i-albhamu eyahlukileyo.
Kunyaka olandelayo, ikhasethi "yokuhlangula!" Ngokuthatha inxaxheba "kweebhanti". Kwingxelo yomculo wakhe, odumileyo izolo, engena kwincwadi yeGuinness yeGuin ngenani lamalungiselelo kunye nokutolikwa (ngaphezulu kwamawaka amabini) ayaziwa namhlanje.
Ngo-1968, iimvumi zaba ngamaqhawe omqhaphu wekhathuni. Ngaphambi koku, abathathi-nxaxheba beqela bazama ukudala i-cinema yabo, kodwa umfanekiso wotyelelo lwemfihlakalo lwemilingo lufunyenwe ngoqikelelo olusezantsi kwabo bobabini abantu nabagxeki.
Ukubola
Ngo-1966, le qela liyaphela ukunika "iikonsathi" eziphilayo "kunye nentloko yakhe zingena emkhosini. Kunyaka kamva, kwazalwa i-SGT Album. Ibhendi ye-Pepper ye-Pepper ye-Pepper ye-Pepper's Ngeli xesha, ubudlelwane beemvumi banika i-rack. I-bitles, idiniwe lobuqaqawuli, yazisa umnqweno wokwenza iiprojekthi zobuqu.
Ngo-1967, uBrian Epstein uyafa ukusuka kwi-overdose ngeepilisi zokulala. Akazange afumane ukutshintshwa okugcweleyo, kodwa ngokudibanisa umzamo, "ukubetha" kweepleyiti ezi-3: "Iipleyiti ezimhlophe" (1968), "indlela ye-Abbey" (1960), njengoko Kanye njengokuba enye idibana kunye (1969).
Kungekudala emva koko, i-albhamu yokuqala yedwa yanguPaul McCartine iza. Kudliwanondlebe, ngokwenene uzisa umgca phantsi kwembali yeeBeatles. Ifoto yokugqibela yeqela yenzeka nge-22 ka-Agasti, ngo-1969 ekude nelifa likaJohn Lennon, kwiPartehrst Park.
Emva kokubola, ungcelele lweenkumbulo luqale malunga ne-copyrights kumanqaku, iingoma kunye neqela leqela, iziphumo ezithetha ngazo iinkcukacha zokuchasana.
Kwiminyaka eli-10 kamva, iimvumi ziqalisa ukucinga ngemvuselelo, kodwa yayingabekwanga ukuzaliseka kwezi zicwangciso. Ngo-1980, uJohn Lennon wabulawa yi-fan engalinganiyo yengqondo yamanqaku. Ithemba lokufumana iqela lafa nokufa kwakhe. Ke iBetles enkulu "ekugqibeleni yaya ngaphambili.
Ngo-2001, uGeorge Harrison wasweleka kwi-tumor yengqondo.
I-Beatles ngoku
I-ringo Starr kunye noPaul McCartney uhlala kwinqanaba. NgoJanuwari ka-2014, baba yimikhosi ye-Grammy Pace ngokuchasene negalelo labo kuphuhliso lomculo wenkulungwane yama-20.
Umsebenzi we-Drummer yangaphambili iPummer Pit yayingeyolula. Utshintshe amaqela aliqela kwaye wazama ukwenza indalo, kodwa angaphumelelanga.
Ngo-1968 wagqiba kwelokuba awuphose umculo kwaye wangena kwinkonzo kawonke-wonke, kodwa emva kweminyaka engama-20 waqala ukubonakala esidlangalaleni kwaye wadala iqela lakhe leqela le-Peet States.
I-discography
- Ngo-1963- ndicela undikholise
- Ngo-1963 - kunye neBeatles
- Ngo-1964 - ubusuku obunzima
- Ngo-1964 -Beatles ukuthengisa
- Ngo-1965 -Ukunceda!
- Ngo-1965-Umphefumlo werabha
- Ngo-1966-I-Revolver
- Ngo-1967 - SGT. Ibhendi ye-Pepper
- Ngo-1967 - Utyelelo lwe-Mystery
- Ngo-1968 - iiBeatles ("Album White")
- Ngo-1969 - i-subrine yamazantsi
- Ngo-1969 - Indlela ye-ABBEY
- Ngo-1970-mayibe
Iziqendu
- Ngo-1963- ndicela undikholise
- Ngo-1964- kufanele ukuba ndazi ngcono
- Ngo-1996 - ndifuna ukubamba isandla sakho
- Ngo-1967 - Lucy esibhakabhakeni ngedayimani
- Ngo-1969 - Ungandihli
- Ngo-1969 - Buyela
- Ngo-1968 - I-Anyanisi yeGlasi
- Ngo-1968-yonke ngoku
- Ngo-1968 - I-Lady Madasonna
- Ngo-1970 - indlela ende kwaye iphumelele
- Ngo-1973 - kuya kufuneka ufihle uthando lwakho kude