Biography
I-Alexander Galich - Umbhali kunye nomculi weengoma zabo, ukudlala kunye neproses, imbongi kunye nowokhwanayo. Eli bingo lendoda - i-ginzburg, kunye negalikini ye-puudugomm, ethi imbongi yenze uncedo lweeleta ezivela kumagama akhe, igama kunye ne-paronymic.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAlexander wazalwa ekuweni kowe-1918 kwiSixeko saseUkraine of Dnieper, owayesakuba yi-ekaterinive, kusapho lwamaYuda. Umama wenkwenkwe i-veksler feks feig borig boriovna wasebenza kwi-colorvatory, kwaye utata Aron Sammovich wasebenza kwinqanaba loqoqosho. USasha akanguye kuphela umntwana kusapho, inkwenkwe yayinomninawa omncinci wevalery, owayesele esebenza njengomsebenzi wefilimu emdala.
Xa uAlexander wayeneminyaka emi-2 ubudala, usapho lwakhe lwafudukela eSelastopol, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-3 eMoscow. Wagqibela kwikomkhulu laseRussia. Italente yombhali oselula yabazali kunye nabafundisi-ntsapho baqaphele ebuntwaneni. Ke ngoko, impapasho yokuqala yaseGarch yavela kwi-Pravda yovulindlela, xa yayineminyaka eli-13 ubudala.
Sele ekwenzele i-Sasha eyakha yazi ukuba umsebenzi wakhe uya kudityaniswa nobuchule, kodwa ayikwazanga ukumisela ngokupheleleyo ukuba loluphi ukhokelo. Ke ngoko, emva kokuphumelela kwibanga le-9, lo mfana ufika phantse ngexesha elinye kwi-opera-paramatic studio yeStanislavsky kunye neZiko loLwanti, elaliphosakele. Kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-3, yashiya i-Opera-Paramatioc Studio.
Ngo-1939, le ndodana ingena i-Alexei Asbuzov kunye ne-vantine ye-valetater ye-valetater. I-Alexander Debut njengomdlalo wemidlalo wenziwa ngonyaka wokufunda, ngokubambisana nabanye abafundi, wadala imeko "yesixeko kwiZare". Kwaye wabhala ingoma yomdlalo kwaye wadlala enye yeendima.
Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, lo mfo wakhululwa kwingqina likanyango. Emva kwexesha ngepati ehlolayo, iGalindi iya eGrozny kwaye sele ilapho kwithiyetha yeDatha, apho isebenza khona iminyaka eliqela. Ukuhamba kwembongi ukuya eTashkent ixhunyiwe neStudio yeArbuzova, eyalenza iqela lethiyetha laza lamemela apho iwadi yangaphambili.
Umculo
Umculo kwi-biography yegalrini ivela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1950. Indoda ibhala iingoma kwaye ngokuzimeleyo iyabaqhuba, idlala igitare. Xa usenza ingoma yombhali, i-bad ivuliwe kwisiko lezokwaziswa kwaye kungekudala baba ngomnye wabameli abaqaqambileyo. Kwaye ngokuqala koshicilelo lokuqala lweteyiphu, xa iingoma zabhalwa zaza zaphulaphula izihlandlo ezininzi, zatshintshwa iirekhodi, le ndoda yafumana udumo olukhulu ngakumbi.
Sele kamva, ukudala ukuqokelela, le ndoda ayibandakanyi iingoma ezirekhodiweyo kuzo. Kwaye imisebenzi eliqela yowe-1959-1962 yayithintelwe yimizimba yasebusweni ye-USSR, kuba, ngokoluvo lwabo, abahambelani noSoviet Aesthetics. Ngombono wokungabikho kokusesikweni kwindalo yakhe, uGaliki usaqhubeka nokuqulunqa imibongo yeengoma eziya nzulu kwaye ibukhali ngokobudlelwane bezopolitiko ngalo lonke ixesha.
Ewe kunjalo, yonke le nto yahlala kude kube lixesha elithile kwaye, esiphelweni, sakhokelela kwingxabano nabasemagunyeni bakarhulumente. Indoda inqabile ukunika iikonsathi, ivelise iivesi zesincoko sabo kunye neerekhodi zerekhodi. Ebutsheni bakhe, uGaliki waba ngumbhali owayekhethe inkululeko, ukwala ubomi obuhle nobutyebi.
Ngenye indlela, iikonsathi zayo zalungiswa iiNtetho kumagumbi, abaphulaphuli bakhe babhalwa basasaza iikhasethi ngeengoma. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi be-KGB balandele ngokucacileyo la maxesha, iikhasethi bezihlala zikhutshiwe, kwaye iikonsithi zifuna ukurhoxisa.
Nangona kunjalo, le ayisiyonto imbi kakhulu uAlexander Chrisyevich wayelindelwe. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1968, i-goard igqiba kwelokuba ithethe kwikonsathi yoluntu, eyayibanjelwe kwisakhelo somthendeleko wengoma yombhali eNovosibirsk. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yethu, indoda iyenza ingoma ethi "L. l. l. Kwaye inyanga emva kwalo msitho, impapasho ivela kwiphephandaba laseNovosibirsk yendawo, apho i-Golich iphantsi konyango lwasesidlangalaleni. Kwangoko kwidilesi yakhe kuza ezoyikiso, ukuvalwa kokusebenza kweengoma kunye nengcinezelo.
Ukuzama ukungakhathaleli indlela abasabela ngayo abasemagunyeni, kunyaka kamva, iGaliki yeAlexander ikhuphe incwadi yokuqala ethi "Ingoma". Isitampu sibandakanyeka kwi "Anti-Anti-Soviet" yokupapasha ngaphandle kwendlu "yokuhlwayela". Ngale nto ngo-1971, kanye ngaphambi konyaka omtsha, indoda ayibandakanywa kwimanyano yababhali be-USSR, kunye nonyaka olandelayo uyayeka ukuba lilungu leSiseko soLwazi kunye neManyano ye-quinematography.
Ngexesha lomsebenzi njengoMbhali weengoma kunye nemibongo yegaliki ye-Galich yadala imisebenzi emininzi. Uninzi lwabantu bonke bayithanda le ncwadi ethi "Xa ndibuya," i-ballad kumlilo ongapheliyo kwaye malunga nengoma ethi "kunye nezinye izincoko" kwakhona.
Iifilimu
Kwisithuba sokuqala sobomi, i-gallich ye-playwwich idale kuphela idrafti. Ngexesha lokusukela ngo-1946 ukuya ku-1959, wabhala 6 "Wabhala 6" Izitrato zamakhwenkwe "," iindlela esizikhethayo "," zininzi izinto esizithandayo ", njl. Ngo-1958, imbongi idala i dlala obizwa ngokuba ngu "Syroskk cwaka". Inkulumbuso yayicetywe ukuba ibanjelwe kwi "Ithiyetha" yeLoultorary ", yonakele kwavuleka kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, i-Debut yayingamiselwanga ukuba yenzeke, kwaye okokuqala ngqa abaphulaphuli babone ukuveliswa emva kokuba umntu embhali, ngo-1988.
Ngo-1954, indoda idala izikripthi zokuqala zeefilimu. Ezona zikhunjulwa kakhulu kubabukeli kunye nabagxeki befilimu yayizipeyinti "," ubutsha besithathu "," buqhuba ngamaza "nabanye. Ngo-1964, kwifilimu "yefilimu" yanikezela ngediploma ye-KGB ye-USSR.
Ubomi Buqu
Ndikunye nenkosikazi yexesha elizayo ye-valentina ikhwelellengsk geirk yadibana eTashkent. Umfazi wayengumdlali weqonga. Umkhuluwa wakhe osele ekhulile uRostislav Arthangilshalthangelshy ngumqhubi kunye nomqambi. Kangangexesha elithile, abantu abaselula badibana, kwaye emva kokufudukela eMoscow bagqiba kwelokuba basebenzise ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwane. Kwaye phantse ngoko nangoko emva komtshato, baqala ukucinga nabantwana, emva koko emva konyaka valentine wazala indodakazi yakhe kwintombazana ka-Alexander. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi bomntu wembongi khange busoloko bonwabile.
Kwiminyaka emi-2 emva kokuzalwa komntwana odibeneyo, iValentine ithatha isigqibo sokufudukela eIrkutsk, kuba ifumana indawo yomgcini wengingqi kwingingqi yendawo. Ubudlelwane kumgama kunzima ukunika abantu abancinci, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha kukhokelela kuqhawulo mtshato.
UAlexander Chrisyevich akazange abandezeleke ngenxa yokutoneli kwaye ngo-1947 waphinda watshata. Ngeli xesha imbongi ekhethiweyo yaba yi-Angelina Nikolaevna shekkot. Nangona wayenetyala lomyeni wakhe, umfazi wayenaye ukuya ekufeni, elinde ekhaya kwaye wamthanda ukuya kamva.
Ngo-1967, ulwazi malunga nokuzalwa kukaGaillararamaratial unyana wavela kumaphephandaba. Ukuzala kwakhe igama likaGork Sophia Mikhnova-VoitKenko. Inkwenkwe ibizwa ngokuba yiGrisha kwaye yabhala igama likamama.
Iminyaka edlulileyo yobomi yayixinekile kwiGalich yeAlexander. Ukukhupha amalungelo akhe njengombhali kunye nomculi weengoma, atshintshe indlela yokuphuhlisa inyathelo, abasemagunyeni banegalelo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ngo-1974 indoda ifudukele e-USSR.
Ngapha koko, iinguqulelo ezimbini zendlela awazenza ngayo kwimithombo yeminyaka. Abanye bathi kwi-Visa yase-Israyeli, kwaye abanye bathi fuduzwa ukuba kufunyenwe phantsi kwenkundla yokushiya isemina yaseNorway. Kwiinyanga ezi-4 emva koko, yonke imisebenzi ye-Alexander Chridaadyevich - Iincwadi, imibongo kunye nemibongo kunye nemidlalo - ethintela i-USSR kwaye ihluthile umntu abemi.
Ukushiya iSoviet Union, Alexander Chridadasyevich e Norway. Apho, uvelisa irekhodi lakhe lokuqala le-vinyl "isikhalo esihlebileyo" ("creek whiskring") enengoma ezili-12. Kwisivalo serekhodi ebeke ifoto yombhali ngekatala ezandleni zakhe. Emva kwexesha, Galiki uqhubekile eMunich, emva koko, sele ehlala isigxina, enyula iParis.
Ukufa
Emva kokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, uAlexander wabeka ubomi kunye nenkosikazi yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, i-idllll yabo kwindawo entsha yathatha ixesha elide. Intlekele eyenzekileyo yimbongi ngokucacileyo yayimiselwe ikamva.
Ngenye imini, umfazi kaGaliki waya kwivenkile yokuthenga, kwaye le ndoda ngelo xesha yagqiba kwelokuba inxibelelane ne-eriyali kwiTV. Ngenxa yokothuka, le ndoda isweleke ngoDisemba 15, 1977. Unobangela wokufa yayikukuhliswa kombane, ukuba yeyiphi i-gallink ngenxa yokuphathwa kakubi kombane.
Xa umfazi wakhe wamfumana eflethini, wayesaphila, kodwa kuba ogqirha baya kwindawo yentlekele ixesha elide, uAlexander wayengakwazi ukugcina. Kangangexesha elithile kukho amarhe amarhe ukuba imbongi iswele ngamathuba, kwaye ukubulala kwakhe kwakulungiswa kwangaphambili kwaye kucwangcisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, le nguqulo ayifumani uqinisekiso, kwaye wonke umntu owayekwindawo yokufa yeGalis ukwachaza ingozi.
Umngcwabo weAlexander Ikhwebevich udlulise kwiintsuku ezisi-7 emva kokuba efile. Ingcwaba lembongi ikwiParis, kumangcwaba waseRussia.
Inyaniso enomdla kukuba ukuvalwa kokuvalwa kweencwadi neengoma zembongi kwasuswa ngo-1980. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ukwamkela italente ye-Alexander Chrissyevich, ngo-1993 abasemagunyeni kweli lizwe bagqiba kwelokuba babuyele ubumi.
I-discography
- Ngo-1968 - "Novosibirsk 1968"
- Ngo-1971-1972 - "I-Alexander Galich"
- Ngo-1967-1974 - "Xa ndibuya"
- Ngo-1974 - "isikhalo esihlebileyo"
- Ngo-1975 - "IGalindi kwaSirayeli"
- Ngo-1990 - "Ubusuku bowukela"
- 1994 - "Imemori"
I-filmography
- Ngo-1951 - "Kwi-steppes"
- Ngo-1953-1954 - "kwi-raft"
- Ngo-1960 - "Vuka" Izihlandlo ezithathu "
- Ngo-1964 - "Ulwaphulo-mthetho lukaRhulumente"
- Ngo-1964 - "Isixeko Esihle"
- Ngo-1965 - "Ulutsha lwesithathu"
- Ngo-1967 - "Ukubaleka Amaza"
- Ngo-1970 - "Taimyr Ibangela"
- Ngo-1976 - "Xa ndibuya"