Biography
I-chedyskevsky yatsho malunga neencwadi zeSergei Aksakov, "Inyaniso ivakala kwiphepha ngalinye." Ulwimi olwahlukileyo lomsebenzi, olugcwele 'kwi-GEMS yesichazi-magama sikazwelonke esithi ", kunye nokukwazi ukubonisa ubume bendalo - ezi ziinzuzo, ngenxa yoko ufunda yonke imisebenzi yenzululwazi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov yazalelwa kwipropathi yePhondo le-Novo-AkyovoO i-orenburg ngo-1791. Intsapho yayingabomkhulu, kodwa yayihlwempuzekile. USerge wayenabantakwabo ababini kunye noodade abathathu. Utata wasebenza njengomtshutshisi kwinkundla yaseZesky, kwaye umama weva inenekazi elifundile kakhulu lenziwa linenekazi, elalifunda ngembalelwano kunye nembalelwano kunye ne-elon.
Utat'omkhulu uSikin Mikhalovich, "uluntu olusentlahlela nezamandla", kunye noluntu lwabasebenzi, kwaye banikwa igalelo elikhulu ekuvusweni kwenkwenkwe. Inkumbulo yehlabathi elihle le-Folklore, awayenxibelelana naye ebuntwaneni, yintsomi "intyatyambo ebomvu", ixelelwe yi-pelagey ephambili kwaye irekhodwe kwiminyaka emininzi ngememori.
Ngo-1799, uSergey unika ukufunda kwi-Gymnasium yendawo, kamva iba ngumfundi kwiYunivesithi yaseKazan. Imisebenzi yokuqala yombhali oselula owabona ukukhanya, yaba yimibongo ebhaliweyo kwisitayile sothando, eyayibekwe kumaphephancwadi omfundi abhalwe ngesandla.
Ngo-1807, xa ndandineminyaka eli-15 ubudala, ngaphandle kokugqiba ikhosi yeYunivesithi, iSergey Aksakov ifudukele eMoscow, kwaye ukusuka apho ukuya kwi-St. Petersburg. Apho wayesebenza njenge umguquleli kwaye kukugcina isangqa of "iincoko abathandi igama Russian" kunye Ivan Krylov, Alexander Shishkov kunye nezinye jequatians ngolwimi lweenkobe. Emva koko wabhala imibongo, ngokwendalo yakhe yobutsha kwisitayile-ngelo xesha, uAksakov wadaniswa esikolweni sezothando kwaye wafudukayo ekuthinjweni. Oyena mbongo wakhe udumileyo - "Nali ilizwe lam."
Emva kwexesha, i-Sergey Timofeevich ifake indawo yendawo yeqonga kwaye yaqala ukuguqulela imidlalo, kunye nokuthetha ngokugxeka iimagazini zeMetropolitan kunye namaphephandaba. Ngo-1827, uAksakov wafumana iKomiti yoRhafu yeMoscow eMoses, kodwa waphulukana nonyaka emva koko ephoswe yi-ballad ehlekisayo ye-v.
Ngexesha umbhali sele efumene inani elikhulu le-ties eluncedo kunye nokuthandana kwaye wakwazi ukuphinda ufumane indawo entsha yomhloli kwiSikolo saseKontantinovsky.
Kwiminyaka yee-1820, indlu ka-Aksakova yindawo yokuqokelela amanani eli-capital, apho abameli bemijikelezo eyahlukeneyo befumene i-Slavophil, nangona wayengafikeleli kwisikhundla sakhe kunye nabachasi . Kuba "ngeMigqibelo" idumileyo Boymetric House of Sergey Timofeevich, abadlali ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye abaqambi wangena, yaye ngowe-1849 uyenzile bakhe engama 40 UNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.
Uncwadi
Ngo-1826, umbhali wafumana umntu obambisi. Ngexesha wayesele etshatile, kwaye usapho kwafuneka lufudukele eMoscow. I-AKKOV ithande ukuchitha ixesha kwindalo, kunye neSergei Timofeeevicvich ngokwakhe ebengumzingeli othandekayo, ke ngehlobo bashiye isixeko.
Ngo-1837, utata ka-Aksakov wasweleka, eshiya unyana wakhe ifayili enkulu kwaye ngaloo ndlela enika ithuba lokujonga ngokubhala, kwintsapho kunye nemicimbi yezoqoqosho. Umbhali uthenge uAbramtsevo - ipropathi yeendinyana ezingama-50 ukusuka eMoscow, enesimo semithetho yemyuziyam, kwaye sazinza apho.
USergey Aksakov wabhala kancinci, ubukhulu becala uhlolo, kodwa ngo-1834, eAlmanna, uDennitsa uvela kwi-issay "i-bullay" yabonakaliswa okokuqala. Ukufumene uphononongo oluninzi lwe-laudatory kunye nokufumana udumo kwiisangqa zoncwadi, iAksakov yaqalisa "iintsapho zoNkolo".
Ngo-1847, waguqukela kulwazi lwesayensi yendalo kunye nemibono kwaye wabhala amanqaku "adumileyo", kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-5 - umzingeli we-pufle ", wadibana nabafundi.
"Asinayo incwadi."Ke ivan sergeyevich tugegenis yabhala ngoluvotolo ngophononongo ukuya kuqala ukuza. Umbhali akabalulekanga kangako kwimpumelelo yeencwadi - wazibhala, ukuya kubuchule kwiingxaki zobomi, kubandakanya nemali kunye neengxaki zosapho, uninzi lwaluqokelele ngelo xesha. Ngo-1856, "i-Churonike", ngaphambi koko, epapashwe kwiijenali ngendlela yepaseji, uphume nencwadi eyahlukileyo.
"Iminyaka yabantwana ye-Bagrova-Grandson" yeyokugqibela ye-bibyuli yakhe. Abagxeki banaxa kubo ukungalingani kwengxelo, ngaphantsi kwenqanaba kunye nobume bezengqondo xa kuthelekiswa nenyaniso yokuba i-Aksakov yabhala ngaphambili. Isicelo sencwadi yayiyintsomi ye "ntyatyambo ebomvu"-ngumbhali wawunikezelwa kumzukulwana omncinci yega.
Kwangelo xesha, "" "" "zincwadi zoncwadi kunye neenkumbulo ezinomdla", zigcwele ziinyani ezinomdla, iikowuti kunye neepeyinti zobomi bexesha elincinci, kodwa zinexabiso elincinci lokuthetha i-ProSgey Timofeevich. I-Peru Aksakov ikwayamabali malunga nendalo, yenzelwe abafundi abancinci - "i-ndstry", "ukuqala kwehlobo", "IIcerhop" kunye nabanye.
Malunga nombhali bathi bonke ubomi bakhe akhule ngokomoya ngenkulungwane. Kwimisebenzi yakhe, iAksakov ayizange ilwele ukungqubana komsindo: Ubonise nje zonke iinkalo zobomi beli xesha, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwaye nangaphezulu nangakumbi Uku-odola intloko yabo yomfundi.
Abanye abagxeki, umzekelo, N. Dobrolyutbov, ndibeke kwityala, kodwa, ukuba kwimo yendoda enyamezelekileyo neyokuthamba, i-Aksakov ayifuni ukubonakalisa into ayibonayo.
Ubomi Buqu
NgoJuni 1816, umbhali we-novice otshatileyo u-Olga wathi-intombi ye-Suvorovsky evela kwiTurkey Schiel-SUR. Emva komtshato, esi sibini sasihlala kwindlu yomzali okwethutyana, emva koko utata wombhali wabenza ithemba elisebokweni. Omabini amaqabane akazange ahlukaniswe ziitalente kulawulo loqoqosho, ngoko ke le ntsapho yafudukela eMoscow.
USergey Timofeevich wayengutata ochukumisayo kangangemithombo (ngokwemithombo, wayene-10, ngokutsho kwe-14) kwaye wayekulungele ukuthatha yonke inkxalabo ngabo badla ngokunikwa i-nanny.
Ubomi buqu kunye nonxibelelwano nabantwana abakhulileyo, ngakumbi oonyana, badlala indima ephambili ekusekweni kweempawu zombhali. Abazange bayikhathalele kwindawo yokugcina izinto kunye nendlela yobushushu, kodwa yayikukufunyanwa njengelifa kuBawo enxanelwe ulwazi kunye nokunyamezelana kubume. Kwiindlalifa ze-AKKOV, babona i-erboding yolutsha lwanamhlanje ezinemfuno zalo eziphezulu kwaye zafuna izinto ezimbi kwaye zafuna ukuqonda kwaye zabakhulisa.
Emva kwexesha, abantwana abathathu bombhali baphinda bazalisekiswa zezazinzulu ezibalaseleyo zendlela yokuzifakela: Ivan Akyov yaba ngumlinganiswa owaziwayo, i-konstantin, imbali kunye nolwimi.
Ukufa
I-Sergey timofeevich, ngeminyaka yodlelo, enengxaki yokutywina. Ukongeza, ukusukela phakathi kwe-1840s, waqala ngeengxaki zombono, kwiminyaka edlulileyo yaba buhlungu kakhulu. Wayengasakwazi ukusebenza kwaye imibhalo yokugqibela iyelekelela ukholo.
Ngo-1859, umbhali wafa eMoscow, wayengenalo ixesha lokugqibezela ibali likaNatasha, eyayiza kuchaza ithemba lakhe njenge-heroine enkulu. Unobangela wokufa yayisisifo esikhulileyo, esingaphambi koko sizise umbhali ukuba angaboni ngokupheleleyo.
USergey Timofeevich wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni asemangcwabeni ka-Simonov, naseSoviet I-Aspitor yahlehliswa kuNovaddevichichi.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- I-Sergey Aksakov eqokele ibhabhathane kwaye ize izamile ukuzala yedwa.
- Umbhali wayene-pinesumm engaphezu kwama-20, eyayidla ngokuba namanqaku akhe anzima. Eyona idumileyo kubo - impuma yeRomanov kunye ne-P. St.
- Ifani ye-Aksakov inengcambu ye-turkic kunye nemihla ebuyela kwigama elithetha "Chrome".
- Ukusebenza kwe-palatical "intyatyambo ebomvu" engena kwiNcwadi yeGuinness yeGuin Actreads njengeyona nkcazo inde yabantwana - ngo-2001 wayedlalwa nge-4000 yexesha.
- Kwixesha laseSoviet, iSikolo Sobugcisa, ikholoni yabantwana, iPosi, isibhedlele, ihostele yaBasebenzi, isikolo seminyaka esixhenxe yesikolo esikwiminyaka esixhenxe yayikwi-AKKOV.
- Umbhali ongumbhali ophethe kakuhle iilwimi zasemzini ezintathu - isiJamani, isiFrentshi nesiNgesi.
Iikowuti
Ukuzingela, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukuzingela. Uthetha eli gama lomlingo, kwaye yonke into icacile. Amagumbi anencasa angabameli iwayini encinci, kwaye inxeba lakudala alizifihli iimvakalelo ezisencinci. Wenza rhoqo ngaphandle kolwazi lwethu, kwaye akukho mntu ususwe kuye. Ewe, kukho amandla omzimba olilungelo, apho isibindi somntu esingalunganga esiphantsi.I-Bibliography
- I-1821 - "I-Oll Soessack"
- I-1847 - "amanqaku kwintlanzi ipheki"
- Ngo-1852 - "Amanqaku oMzingeli waseHunter wePhondo le-Orereburg"
- Ngo-1852 - "ibali lokuthandana kwam neGogol"
- 1855 - "Amabali kunye neenkumbulo zomzingeli wokuzingela okwahlukileyo"
- Ngo-1856 - "Inqaku losapho"
- 1856 - "Iinkumbulo"
- 1858 - "Amanqaku Ngokuzingela"
- I-1858 - "Intyatyambo ebomvu: Intsomi ye-pelagia"
- Ngo-1858 - "Iminyaka yabantwana ye-Bagrova-Grandson"