Biography
UGeorge Tovstonov - UMlawuli kunye notitshala, uMdali weencwadi ezivela kuMlawuli. Ngegama lakhe, i-epoch yonke inxulunyaniswa nobomi bethiye ye-soviet. UGeorgy Alexandrovich Tovstonov wazalwa ngoSeptemba 28, ngo-1915 kwisixeko saseGeorgia seTifis, ngoku sibizwa ngokuba TBILISI.
Utata wakhe, injineli kaloliwe, yayikwi-akhawunti elungileyo kumphathiswa waseGeorgia wokuqhuba kunye nemiyalezo. Umama waseTamara Poditashvili uphumelele kwi-St. Petersburg Greloment ngediploma yelizwi. Udade omncinci, uNatel Tovstonogov, waba ngumfazi womzingeli uEvgeria Leadeev, obophelele ubomi abanobuchule babantu abanemifanekiso.
UGeorgy uye esikolweni phambi koontanga kwaye bagqityiwe ukuqeqeshwa kweminyaka eli-15. Sele kuloo minyaka, umntu okwishumi elivisayo akazange athintele imidlalo yeqonga. Inkwenkwe yoMalume isebenza njengomculi kwidrama likaTifli kwaye wamkhokelela ekubeni abukele i-tens. Utata, ekuboneni umdla woNyana, wanyanzelisa ukukhetha kolunye uBomi. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kwaye ngoncedo lweVortonogov, waba ngumfundi weZiko loLoliwe kaTsilisi.
UNyana wayengenakuchasana nendalo ukuze aqhubeke nomzali wakhe. Ndafunda unyaka, ngo-1931 wayishiya eyunivesithi, ukuba ngumdlali weqonga kunye nomphathi-mlawuli uNikolai Yakovvich marshak. I-Tovstonogov enokubakho yayicacile ukuba ngo-1933 marshak yamnika umsebenzi ozimeleyo. Intsebenzo yomsebenzi ka-Anton Pavlovich Cheokhov wabizwa ngokuba "zinikele" kwaye uphumelele esixekweni.
Ithamsanqa lokuqala eliphelelwe ngumlawuli weNovice. Ngo-1933, iTovstonogov yangena i-Gitis. Wayemncinci kakhulu ukuba angaluphumelela ukhetho lokukhuphisana, oko ke kumaxwebhu amakhulu okwanda kweminyaka emi-2. Ootitshala abafundi yayinguMlawuli odumileyo u-Andrei Mikhailovich Lobanov kunye ne-Alexey Dmitevich Popov.
Ngokuhambelana nokufunda, iTovstonogov iqhubekile nokusebenza kwi-tyukeze. Umdlalo wokuqala walandelwa "ngumtshato", "IQela laseMvula", "I-Blue nepinki", "Owehle", "Ihashe likaTrojan" kunye nezinye imveliso.
Ngo-1937 waphula onke amaphupha emfana oselula: utata wayecinezelwa. UGeorge ngokuzenzekelayo waba ngunyana wotshaba lwabantu. Kuyenzeka ukuba ulibale ngokufumana imfundo kwiZiko leMetropolitan: igxothiwe kunyaka we-4 kaGitis. I-Tovstonov inamathele kulo naliphi na ithuba lokubuya, kwaye yenzekile engalindelekanga. Ibinzana elingaqhelekanga likaJoseph Stalin likaJoseph Stalin lingaphenduli "evumelekileyo ukuba abuyele kwikhosi kwaye enobubele ukugqibezela uqeqesho ngo-1938.
Ithiyetha
I-Tovstonov yamenywa kwisikhundla somlawuli kwi-Tzelisi Drama ithiyetha ebizwa emva kwe-A. S. Gribodwev. Apho ke wazisa igcisa labantu le-USSR Akarava. Ngenxa yomxhasi waseGeorgy, uAlexandrovich waba ngumfundisi weqela elibambeleyo kwiZiko lemidlalo yeqonga. I-Shoustri. Ukusukela ngalo mzuzu u-Tovstonogov waqala ukuqonda ngokuthe ngqo njengomlawuli oqeqeshiweyo.
Inqanaba lokuqala kwi-Tzelisi Drama ithiyetha i-Drama ithiyeleka yayingumdlalo "Bantwana uValinya. Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-1946, uGeorgy Alexandrovich wasebenza kunye namagcisa kwidolophu yakhe, ekhulula imisebenzi "," idolophu yasedolophini "," jeanterelles ".
Emva koko wamenyelwa eMoscow. Ukususela ngo-1946 ukuya ku-1949, wakhokelela kwi-Theatre eyenzakeleyo yethiyetha kwaye yabantwana. Kumbhalo owesibini wabeka imvakalelo yemvakalelo "kwenye indawo eSiberia" kunye "nemfihlakalo yobusuku banaphakade." I-Tovstonov ikwazile ukudibanisa umsebenzi malunga nemveliso enyanzelekileyo kwezi thiyetha nge-studio ye-studio yethiyetha i-theatreretta kunye nethiyetha yaseRoma eAlmatic.
Ngo-1949, umlawuli wafumana idinga elitsha kunye noLeningrad baba lelinye idolophu kuye. Njengomlawuli ophambili wethiyetha. ULenin Komsomol Uchithe ixesha ukusuka ngo-1950 ukuya ku-1956. Le meko ibe yindlu kuye.
Ngo-1956, ngo-37 wosuku lokuzalwa kwe-37, umngxunya wazisa inkokeli entsha. Wazifumana nge-11 kwiakhawunti. Imiza I-Laninsky Komsomol ngelo xesha yayiyelekile kwaye phakathi kwezinye izinto zeLeningrad yayikwindawo yangaphandle. Kwakungekho solo ekwakheni ukuphindaphinda, abaLawuli abasebenzi ngokwaneleyo nabadlali, umbukeli kwiholo bajika bahleliwe.
Nangona kunjalo, i-gouupe iquka iinkwenkwezi. Amagcisa anjenge-Elena Granovskaya, Olga Casico, Vasily Sofronov, Vitaly Polikamaco, babelinde umntu onokwalathisa iholo yethiyetha.
Utshintsho oluqhutywa yi-Master lwalungakhadi. Umlawuli uhlaziye i-gouupe, ukuyeka malunga namagcisa angama-30. Imagazini yakhe ephambili yayiziinkosi kunye nabadlali abancinci. Eyona njongo iphambili yayikukubuya kombukeli wangaphambili kunye nesimemo salowo mtsha. I-Parriseres ezintathu zenzelwe ukwenza oku: "Umgangatho wesithandathu", "inkwenkwezi engachazwanga" kwaye "xa intyatyambo yeacacia". Okokugqibela kwesi sixeko baba ngabaphulaphuli kwiidolophu.
UMlawuli we-ATypical, i-micenssen enomdla, umsebenzi wamagcisa ngendawo kunye nombukeli bazenza zaziva. I-Bhayibhile ekhanyayo kunye neyonwabisayo inomdlalo ophilayo kunye nemidlalo. Iholo lemidlalo yethiyetha lazaliswa luluntu. Umdlalo olandelayo wokuqulunqa i-Tovstonov yaba "yimpungutye kunye neediliya". Uphume emva kweenyanga ezi-3 kwaye wavula uthotho lweenkqubo ezenze ixesha elitsha, langoku kunye nexesha lokuphinda-phinda.
UGeorge Tovstonov wafezekiswa njengomlawuli notitshala. Usebenza ngononophelo nabadlali, wabakhokela, enceda ekuqiniseni kwaye aphucule kulo msebenzi. Umvelisi akwazi ukuxoxa malunga ne-gouupe kunye nombukeli. Uphucule iindlela, ubuchule kunye nezakhono zokubonisa.
Umlawuli wayehlala kwindawo, hlala phantsi kunye ne-Parterseres kunokuhlonipha oogxa kunye nabasebenzi, uluntu lwenqanaba, uluntu luphumelele. Ithiyetha ifumene inkokeli eqinisekileyo yaza yadibanisa isihloko sesona sixeko.
Inkanuko yamagcisa kunye nokubonakala kombukeli wayo kwangqina ukuba indlela ye-Tovstonov yeyona isebenzayo. Iiperesburger kunye nabakhenkethi bajonga uxanduva lwazo lokutyelela iiprintate zenani elinetalente. Kwiminyaka engama-33, uGeorgy Alexandrovich wakhonza njengomlawuli weqonga lemidlalo yeqonga, igama lakhe lavakala kulo lonke ilizwe.
Umsebenzi wakhe, wanikwa iStalin kunye neLenin. I-analog ayikho kwi-Tovstonov, kwaye umlawuli wafunda inkosi, wamkela amanqaku anembeko. UMlawuli wanceda ukuphosa i-Delowss Alexander Volodin kunye neViktor Pink.
Imisebenzi ye-Tovstonov ihamba eRussia, ePoland, eFinland, iBulgaria neJamani. Uvelise i-telepotascovka kwaye wasebenza kwirediyo. Ukususela ngo-1957, wayekwiBhodi yoHlobo lweMagazini i-phephe "kwaye ukusuka ngo-1964 wayengusihlalo we-Presidium yosemzini wethiyetha yaseRussia wonke.
Ngo-1958, uGeorge Tovstonov waqalisa ukufundisa kwi-lindmaki, yaye ngo-1968 wafumana imeko kagqirha wembali yobugcisa. Ukusukela ngo-1970s wayeyintloko kwiSebe loMlawuli kwiZiko. Ukudlala kwakhe kunye nabafundi kwaziwa ngokubanzi eLeningrad kunye nezinye izixeko.
Ubomi Buqu
I-biography ye-georgy tovstonov inxibelelana kakhulu nomsebenzi weqonga. Ubomi bakhe buqu bugcwele izinto zokuzonwabisa ezinxulumene nomsebenzi. Umlawuli wathandana, uvelwano, kodwa ukudala usapho lokwenyani, wayesoloko elinde umfazi ofanelekileyo onokuthi enze iatmosfera kwaye enze i-akin kwinto yokuba wayelawula endlwini yabazali bakhe.
I-Tovstonov yakholelwa ukuba i-satellite yobomi kufuneka ibe ngumntu wokuyila. Umfazi wakhe wokuqala waba ngumdlali weqonga uSalome kancheli. Umtshato wenzeka ngo-1943, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-2, abantu abasanda kuqhawule umtshato. Abantwana abazithandayo, oonyana baka Nikolai no-Alexander bavela emtshatweni.
Ngo-1958, iTovstonogov itshatile okwesibini. Ukhetho lwajika lwaba ngumdlali we-Anna Kondratieva. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-4 kunye nomanyano lwabo bahlukana.
Oonyana bakaMlawuli kunye nomzukulwana baya emanyathelweni esalamane esikhulu. Babenomdla nguMlawuli. Oonyana babenendlela yabo ngobuchule, kunye noGeorgy Tovstonoga Jr. Phakathi bahambe endleleni, banyula utitshala wakhe. Ngo-2012, ubomi bomzukulwana womzukulwana wawuqhekeka kabuhlungu.
Ukufa
I-Tovstonogov ikhokele kwi-Theatreyitha ayithandayo de kube yindawo yokuhlala yobomi, ingalahleki rhoqo kwaye uziqhelanise, uqhuba rhoqo, qhubeka nokuthetha noogxa kunye noogxa noogxa bakhe. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesibhozo kaMeyi, ngo-1989, i-Premiere yomdlalo yayicwangciselwe. Ngokulungelelanisa umhla, umlawuli wahlala emotweni ukuya ekhaya, kodwa akazange afike kwindawo oya kuyo.
Unobangela wokufa kukaMlawuli uye wamisa entliziyweni. Kwi-palatical Petersburg, yavela ukuba yintlekele. Kwakungekho mntu uphefumlele izizukulwana. UGeorge Tovstonovv wangcwatyelwa kwi-tikvinsky ye-alexander nevsky lavra, kwi-necropolis yeenkosi ze-ART. Isikhumbuzo ngendlela yokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni senziwa ngaphezulu komngcwabo.
Emva kokubhubha komphathi kubo. I-Leninsky Komsomol yabela isihloko esitsha: imidlalo yeqonga leDrama entle ebizwa emva kweGeorge Alexandrovich Tovstonov. Umlawuli wefoto kwaye namhlanje uhombise iiholo zokuhlala kunye neeholo zesakhiwo. Abafundi kunye nabalandeli bahlala bahlulwa kudliwanondlebe lomsebenzi nemiyalelo yendawo.
Ilifa lokuyila le-Tovstonov ziincwadi: "Oohlobo lwemidlalo yemisebenzi. Iingxoxo malunga noMlawuli "," kulo msebenzi womlawuli "," Citire Crieces kunye nolwazi ",".
Kwinkumbulo yaseGeorgia, iifilimu zamaxwebhu "Phila, cinga, zive, thanda ...," iintsomi ezithetha nge-gogh "," ukucamngca "zasuswa.
Izicwangciso
- Ngo-1955 - "Intlungu Eqinisekileyo"
- Ngo-1959 - "Varvara"
- Ngo-1959 - "Iingokuhlwa Ezintlanu"
- Ngo-1962 - "Yeha ovela"
- Ngo-1965 - "Oodade abathathu"
- Ngo-1966 - "Moisan"
- Ngo-1969 - "King Heinrich IV"
- Ngo-1972 - "UMPHODI WOKUXELWA"
- Ngo-1972 - "Hanuma"
- Ngo-1974 - "Ibhegi ezintathu zengqolowa"
- Ngo-1975 - "Amahashe Imbali"
- Ngo-1983 - "Ukufa kukaTarelkin"
- Ngo-1985 - "Kuzo zonke izinto ezilula ezilula"
- Ngo-1987 - "Ezantsi"