Biography
Phambi kokungena ekukhanyeni kweentsomi malunga nebhere equkayo kunye ne-vandust entloko i-Alan Miln yayingumdlalo odabazekileyo lwesiNgesi: wabhala iinoveli namabali, aqambe imibongo. Ibali le-Winnie Poose yenziwa liphupha lombhali-elifihliweyo igama, nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuphela kobomi, lazisola ukuba ukhunjulwa ngumhlaba ngamabali athile ngebhere.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAlan Alexander Miln wazalwa nge-18 ka-1882 eLondon kwaye waba ngumntwana wesithathu kwi-Namaica John VainE kunye neBritane Sarah Marie (Nee Hedgebot). Utata wasebenza njengoMlawuli weSikolo saseHenaley, kwaye abantwana bakaMiln bafunda apho.
Utitshala u-Alan yayingu-Hobert Wells - kwixesha elizayo, umbhali wentsomi owaziwayo, umbhali wexesha le-Romanov "kunye" nemfazwe yehlabathi ". Kula mabini mabini, uKenneth noKenneth noBarry - uAlan womelele kune-kennet. Ngo-1939, kwi-autobiography "kade kakhulu", uMiln wabhala:
"UKen wayengenantlonelo phambi kwam - wayelungile, ebhetele kunam. Ukubiza ubunzima bukaGqr Murray, ndifumanisa ukuba igama elithi "ilungileyo" eline "lishumi elinesine, kodwa akukho namnye kubo odlulayo kulo, echaza i-ken. Kwaye nangona ndiqhubeka nokuphikisana ukuba wayenobubele, enesisa, ukuba anganyamezeli, onenceba kunam, kwanele ukuba ke uKen ungcono.
Abazali banike amakhwenkwe kufanelekile imfundo. UAlan ufundele kwisikolo sase-Westminster, ngo-1903 waphumelela kwiKholeji yeTrine kwiDyunivesithi yaseCambridge, efumana isidanga seBachelor kwiMathematics. Nangona kunjalo, intliziyo yolule kubuchule.
Enye ikholen Alan noKenneth babhala imagazini yabafundi "Gressa". IMisebenzi yeHucting epapashiweyo phantsi kweendawo zokuqala ze-AKM (Alan Kennet izilwa) ziqaphele ukuba abahleli begazi laseBritane Humital "punch". Ukusuka koku, i-biography yombhali waqala.
Iincwadi
Emva kokukhululwa, imils yaqala ukubhala imibongo yemibongo, izincoko kwaye idlala kwi-punch, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-3, umbhali uthathe abasebenzi njengomhleli oncedisayo. Ngeli xesha, u-Alan uye wakwazi ukwenza ukuthandaza kwiisangqa zoncwadi. Ke, uYakobi uJamerry wammemela kwikhilikithi ye-Allahakbar. Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, uluhlu lwezinto ezemidlalo zeMiln Deliel kunye ne-Arur Konan Doyle, Jerome K. Jerome, Rudyard Kipling kunye nabanye ababhali beSiNgesi kunye neembongi zeSiNgesi kunye nemibongo.
Ngo-1905, uAlan Miln wakhupha i-Butut Novel "London London", eyayingafaniyo neyelenqe elintsonkothileyo kunye nengxaki enzulu. Embindini webali - i-Brion yaseBrion yaseBrion kunye ne-AMALIA yokwazi kwakhe. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yeLondon ngeminyaka yee-1920, bayathandana, baxande, iphupha lekamva eliyonwabisayo.
Abagxeki bayiqonda le ncwadi ipholile, nangona kunjalo, ukukhuthaza amanqaku abukhali kunye nogqogqo kwi-punch. Yamenza ukuba iMilna ishiye uncwadi "olukhulu" kwaye igxile kwizinto azilawulayo - amabali kunye nemidlalo. Kodwa iMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala yanyanzela i-playfwing ukuhlehlisa iintsiba.
Nge-1 kaFebruwari ngo-1915, uAlan wabiza uLieutenant ukuya kwiRoyal Yorkshire. Kunyaka ongaphambili, nge-7 kaJulayi, owenzakeleyo kwidabi laseSomme kwaye walithumela ikhaya lonyango. Ukwenzakala akuvumelani ukubuyela ngaphambili, kwaye waqeshwa kwingqondi esemkhosini ukuba abhale amaphetshana abi-fageganda ye-MI7. Nge-14 kaFebruwari ngo-1919, uMina wagxotha, emva konyaka, xa kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile, akazange avume umsebenzi olandelayo emkhosini. Iziganeko zemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala bezibonakaliswa kumabali ethi "Uxolo Ngembeko" (1934) kunye "nemfazwe ngembeko" (1940).
Kwiminyaka yeMfazwe, iMina yeza imidlalo emine. Eyokuqala, i-Wurzel-Bummery yabhalwa ngo-1917 kwaye ngoko nangoko yabeka kwinqanaba lemidlalo yeLondon "Noël Coward". Ekuqaleni, zazintathu ezenzo emsebenzini, kodwa zilungele ukuqonda kufuneka ndisike zibe mbini.
Kwi-1917, inoveli yesibini "kanye, kwakudala ..., eyaqala ngamazwi:" Le yincwadi engaqhelekanga. " Umsebenzi yintsomi eqhelekileyo echaza malunga nemfazwe phakathi kwezikumkani zesizwe nobhalwa. Kodwa kuyavela ukuba le thle ayikho kubo bonke abantwana.
IMils idale oonobumba apho abantwana abayi kufuna ukufana. Inkosazana iyakwazi ukuphuma kwinqaba yenqaba, ngaphandle kokusindisa, iNkosana, nangona ihle, kodwa i-pompous, i-pompoves, ne-pompo ibi. Inyaniso enomdla kukuba i-protoving yeBervian - ikratshi, ikrakra, i-melodramatic, indlela yokuziphatha ngokweemvakalelo, yenziwa ngumfazi waseMina - uDorothy De Selinkhurt.
Ngo-1922, iMilni yayisaziwa ngeNoveli ye-Lover House House House Doan Conley kunye ne-Edgar Allan ngo. Embindini weyelenqe-ukubulala ngenye phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga. Umgxeki waseMelika kunye nentatheli uAlexander Vulcott ebizwa ngokuba yinoveli "yelinye lamabali aphezulu alo lonke ixesha." Umsebenzi wajika wathandwa kakhulu kangangokuba waphinda waphinda waphinda waphindwa amaxesha e-UK 22.
Ngo-1926, eyona ncwadi ilele kakhulu ye-Alan Milna "Winnie Pooh" yabona. Ibali lomthengisi obhalise ngunyana wabhala unyana kaChristopher Robin, owayene-4 i-4 i-Deaday Medie e-Nicknie Winnie. Eyona thoy ye-plung ye-plung yaphinda yabizwa ngokuba "ngu-Edward's Bar" eWinnie Puha - UChristopher wayekholelwa ukuba i-Winnie Winnie ukuya kwi-Swan Pooh Pooh.
Abanye abalinganiswa yinguGeglet, ia, Kenga no Non ru, Tigger - nabo batsalwa kwiithoyi ezithandwayo zikaChristopher. Okwangoku bagcinwa kwilayibrari entsha yoluntu. Nyaka ngamnye kuza kujonga umndilili wamawaka angama-750 amawaka.
UWinnie the Pooh waduma ngaphaya kwe-UK. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, umbhali wabantwana uGuris wayeyimbali eguqulweyo malunga nebhere (ngaphandle kweentloko ezimbini zantlandlolo) kwisiRashiya "eWinnie Poh, onke."
Ngo-1969, uSoyuzMultilm wakhupha inxalenye yokuqala ye-vinnie Poh. Ibhere "ithethe" ngelizwi lelizwi lemidlalo yeSoviet Actor kunye ne-cinema evon leonov. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, i-Katoon "Winnie The Pooh iya kutyelela", omnye nyaka emva koko - "Winnie Pooh kunye noSuku loNcedo". Ingumlinganiswa ukuba "Soyuzmulm" wayengekho christopher Robin - omnye wabalinganiswa abaphambili, umhlobo weWinnie Poh.
Impumelelo yentsomi malunga nebhere yokuqala eSebenzayo e-Alan Milna, kwaye ke inomsindo - waqonda ukuba akangombhali weenoveli ezinzulu, kodwa 'njengo "utata" we-Winnie Poh. Abagxeki banikela ngobomi obubi kwiinoveli, eziphuma emva kwentsomi - "ezimbini", "uChlor Marr", ukuze afunde enye umgca malunga neChristopher Robin Robin Robin iRobin Robin yeChristopher Robin kunye nebhere.
Kwakukho esinye isizathu-uNyana akazange ayithande into ethandwayo. Nje ukuba uMilne uthe:
"Ndivakalelwa kukuba ndonakalise ubomi be-christophore robin. Kwakuyimfuneko ukubiza uCharles Robert Charles. "Ekugqibeleni, inkwenkwe icela abazali bakhe ngokubeka ubuntwana bakhe wonke umntu, kwaye wayeka ukunxibelelana nabo. Kucingelwa ukuba imbambano yentsapho yayisalungiswa, kuba uChristopher Robin waya kumsitho wokuvula welitye lesikhumbuzo kwiLondon Zoo. Umfanekiso unikezelwe kuAlan Milna. Kwifoto ukusuka ngaloo mhla, indoda eneminyaka engama-61 ubudala ithanda iqhawe lobuntwana ngoboya.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1913, uAlan Miln watshata ne-kyleman yomhleli we-punch mamagazine Dorothy de selinkhert, ababebiza abahlobo ababizwa ngokuba nguDaphne. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba intombazana yavuma ukutshata nombhali lusuku emva kokuthandana.
Umlingane osandul 'ukwenziwe wavela ukuba afune kwaye axhamle, kwaye eluthandweni Alam Hotakhabal kuye. Intatheli iBarry Gan ichaze olu lwalamano losapho:
"Ukuba uDafeni, uququzelela isiponji, wacela ukuba uAlan watsiba eluphahleni lwe-London Catdral yaseSt. Ngayiphi na imeko, ivolontiya ngaphambili yaqala unyaka emva komtshato wemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, iminyaka engama-32 ubudala yahamba ngokukodwa kuba umfazi uAh njengoko ndibathandile amagosa afanayo emkhosini, ekhupha umzi. "
Ngo-Agasti 21, 1920, uRhabi christopher Miln wazalwa. Umntwana akazange asindise usapho ukuba angahlukanga: Ngo-1922, uDorothy waphosa imvumi yelinye ilizwe, kodwa, ngaphandle kokukwazi kwakhe ubomi bakho naye, ubuyile.
Ukufa
Ngo-1952, umbhali wabetha, wasilela ngenxa yakhe emva kwakhe.
Ukufa kwafumana iAlan Milna ngoDisemba 31, 1956, kwiminyaka engama-74. Isizathu yayisisifo sengqondo.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1905 - "Abathandi beLondon"
- Ngo-1917 - "Kanye kwixesha elide ..."
- Ngo-1921 - "Mnu. Pim"
- Ngo-1922 - "Imfihlakalo yendlu ebomvu"
- Ngo-1926 - "Winnie Pooh"
- Ngo-1928 - "Indlu kwiPoohova"
- Ngo-1931 - "ezimbini"
- Ngo-1933 - "imvakalelo emfutshane kakhulu"
- Ngo-1939 - "Kusemva kwexesha"
- Ngo-1946 - "chloe marr"