Biography
I-Saveva Mamondov yindlalifa yosapho oludumileyo, umxhasi kunye nefani yobugcisa. Ifani yokushiyeka kweklasi yabarhwebi iyaziwa kwinzala ngakumbi yeminyaka enkosi ibulela imisebenzi yayo ethululweyo kwaye isebenzisa iiprojekthi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Savva Ivanovich Mamontov yazalwa ngo-1841 e-Yalutorovsk, eSiberia. Kwiminyaka eyi-8, kunye nosapho, inkwenkwe yafudukela eMoscow. UMammoti wayehlala kwindlu esuswayo kwiSitrato seMeshchanskaya kwaye akazange ayibulela ngengeniso eyazisa imisebenzi yeNtloko yeNtsapho. Utata, umrhwebi 1 ongumrhwebi, ngelo xesha wakhwela ngoqoqosho lwengingqi yephondo. Umama uvale ubomi kwaye waphakamisa iindlalifa. USavva wayengunyana wesithathu wabantwana abayi-7, kuquka oodade aba-2 abakhohlisiweyo.
Ngokungafaniyo nabathengisi abaninzi, uMammoth-SR. Ikhuthaza umdla kubugcisa, ke abantwana babenombono wethiyetha, umculo noncwadi. Abantu abadala kwintsapho banamathela kwimbeko ye-Aristocy, nto leyo echaphazele nzulu iMbali ye-SAVA. Inkwenkwe yayizibandakanya neGututener, iphucule ulwazi lwayo nge-Etiquette kwaye yafunda iilwimi zasemzini.
Iziko lokuqala apho wafumana imfundo yayiyiGymasium yesixeko. Emva koko i-savva yathunyelwa kwiZiko leMithombo yoBunjineli boLuntu kwiSt. Petersburg. Ngelo xesha, imeko kaloliwe yaphuhliswa eRashiya, kwaye kukho izimvo zonyana wakhe.
Emva kweminyaka emi-2, i-SAVva yabuya eMoscow. Utata wamlungiselela kwiYunivesithi yaseChibhile ukuba afundele i-Jurispridence, ngo-1862 athunyelwe eBaku ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yobungcali. I-savva yabandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zorhwebo zentsebenziswano ye-cisrian.
Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, lo mfana waba yintloko yenkampani kwisebe leMoscow engunyaka, kwaye ngo-1864 waya e-Itali. I-Mammoti yabona amathemba kwizibonelelo zeSilika, ke uSavva uthathe uhambo lokuya kwi-wombardy.
EMilan, watyelela uLa Spala kwaye wadibana nendlu yeOpera. Ukuba phantsi kombono, uMammoti waqalisa ukuthatha izifundo zelizwi. Wazenza iqonga lemidlalo ende. I-savava yaya kuzo zonke iiprinta kwaye yayiqhelene nabameli be-Intemigia ye-capitals zombini.
Kwavela ukuba le ndoda inika ilizwi elilungileyo. Wamenywa ukuba athathe inxaxheba "kwi-nqanaba" kunye ne-luctoria yaseBorgia "kwipati ye-bass. Utata, efundile ngayo, wayalela ukuba abuyele eMoscow. Akukho namnye wabantwana owayenomdla kwimisebenzi yeshishini, ke ngoko amathemba aphezulu amiselwe kwi-SAVva.
Umsebenzi
Ngo-1869, Mammoth-SR. Wasweleka waza waqalisa ukuphatha usapho. Indlalifa iyifumene imeko kayise, yandongeza. Ngo-1872, waba nguMlawuli weMbutho weMoscow-Yaroslavl kaloliwe, ongumxhasi ongumzali. I-SAVV yayiyindawo ye-ofisi yorhwebo yokubonelela ngezinto zokwakha.
Ukuqonda uxanduva kusapho losapho, wasebenza nzima. Ngo-1875, uMamontov waphakamisa iprojekthi yethenda yokuyilwa koololiwe owenziwa nguDontsk. Ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi, umrhwebi uphumelele ukhuphiswano kwaye wenza uMbutho wabanini zabelo ze-ODTSK Road.
Ulwakhiwo lwakhawuleza kwaye kakuhle: Zivele izitishi ezitsha, izithuthuthu zazicwangcisiwe, izikhululo zavuswa, iitreyini zatshintshwa, iitreyini zatshintshwa ngokungqubana nabantu abangaqondakaliyo. Ubude bendlela ifike kwi-479 yeekhilomitha. Waba yeyona gridi yoololiwe ehlabathini. Iphefumlelwe yimpumelelo, uMammoth wacwangcisa ukwakhiwa kwe-purport eMariupol.
Ithamsanqa lokukhanya kakhulu ishishini elikhulu alinakuphela. Isivumelwano kunye ne-sergey witte, uMphathiswa wezezimali udlale indima yakhe. Urhulumente uthenge i-Odtsk Railway, kwaye wanikwa i-mamontov ukuze utyale imali kwishishini elingenamsebenzi ngohlobo lwesityalo se-nevsky songazi. Kwindawo yokuphuculwa komzi-mveliso kwafuneka ithathe imali mboleko, eyaye yavunyelwa ukuba ivunyelwe ngumthetho.
I-Mammoths ilindele ukubuyisa ityala ngenxa yenzuzo ekwakhiweni kweSt. Petersburg-vyatka. Imvumelwano yenziwa le projekthi, ukuvota kwaphumelela, kodwa umphathiswa wezobulungisa uNikolai Murayev ubanjiwe kwi-miscaricones miscaricory. I-Mammont ikhethe imvume, kwaye imicimbi yaqala ukujonga abaphicothi zincwadi.
Ngo-1899, umrhwebi wafakwa entolongweni ngenxalenye ye-10 yezigidi ruble. Izabelo zikaSavva zinexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Emva kwetyala awamkelwa njengomsulwa, kodwa urhulumente wayenexesha lokunyibilika, igama lakhe loyisiwe, kwaye ifanelekile. I-mammoths ephukileyo ayizange izame ukulungisa izinto. Wayevale ngaphakathi waza wachitha ixesha lakhe lesimahla kwindibano yokwenzaka-moya.
Isisa kunye nokuThamela
Umsebenzi wentengiso ophefumlelweyo uMamontov. Wabona amathemba ekwakhiweni koololiwe kwi-tundra, belindela ukukhula komhlaba. Ukuzisa le projekthi kumlawuli uNikolai II kunye neSergey Witte, ngo-1894 kwi-Nizhny Novgorod Savva ivule i-pavilion emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla emantla entla. I-Artists mikhail Vrubel kunye ne-Konstantin Korovin ithathe inxaxheba kwiMbumo yoMmiselo. Ukufezekiswa kweengcinga ze-mammoti kwasondela kunye nesikali esikhethekileyo.
I-Opera Famin, i-Deramater Theatre kunye nepeyinti, waphupha ngokudibanisa ezi zikhombisi zobugcisa. I-Soulimed I-Opera ye-Opera ye-Opera i-Opera ye-Opera iquka i-vololists enetakali, abadlali kunye namagcisa. I-MAMOTOV ikwazile ukwenza iprojekthi eyodwa, ngaphandle kokugxekwa koluntu kunye neengcali.
Uxhase ngemali intsebenzo eyaliwe ngabavoti bemicimbi. Ingoma ye-Sergei RakhManinov, i-Muronsgsky ye-surgsgsky kunye ne-nikolai rimsky-korkosov ivakala kwindawo yethiyetha yakhe. Iqela lenza i-fern shalyapin, iTatiana lyubatovich kunye nabanye abahamba bodwa. Imifanekiso emidelwa yadalwa nguIsake uLevitan, uVictor Vasnetsov, Vasily surikov.
I-Mamontov Opera yayikwithiyetha yomthengisi we-Merchant Solodovkov, kodwa yayicwangcisiwe ukuya kwindawo eyakhiwe ngokutsha kwihotele "kwiMetropol". Le projekthi ayigqitywanga ngenxa yokungabhangiswa kwe-patron, kwaye ngo-1904 i-opera ivaliwe.
I-Saveva Mamontov ixhasa ulwalamano olufudumeleyo namalungu e-MUB yobugcisa. Ngokwesicelo sabameli bakhe, umrhwebi axhaswe ngemali ukukhululwa kwemagazini yegama elinye. Ngommandla wakhe wokulinganisa, wazalisa ukupapashwa kwemisebenzi yabahlobo, kwaye abasunguli bejenali babethetha malunga nokuphakama kukaPatron. Kungekudala iimammotis zayeka ukutyala imali kwimagazini. Ukususela nge-1899, kunye ne-Savoy Morozov, wapapasha "abantu", kodwa le projekthi yayingakuthandi kwaye ayizange itsalele uluntu. I-SAVV ikwanegalelo ekukhutshelwe iphephandaba "iRussia".
Uyilo lwalunomdla kusomashishini hayi ngaphantsi. Wawuxabisa umbono wesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo kwaye waqeshwa namaqabane omzuzu engama-25 kwikota eMoscow ukwenza izibonelelo zayo. Inkampani ye-Inshurensi yePesterburg ithathe inxaxheba kwimali, kodwa intshabalalo yayingavumeli ukuzisa icebo lokuphumeza. Imali kaMamontov yakhiwa yihotele yeMetropol kunye nesikhululo sikaloliwe saseYarossavl sakhiwa kwakhona. I-SAVVA yabona amathuba amaninzi kwimanyano kwiiprojekthi zokucwangciswa kwedolophu zobugcisa kunye nokusebenza.
I-AKKOV ithengiwe kwi-sergey Aksakov Umphathi uyanda kwaye enesidingo. Isikolo, icawe, esibhedlele, iGadi kunye neGreenhouse sivele apha, kunye nebhulorho enedama. Isangqa sobugcisa kunye nobugcisa beendwendwe zepropathi saziwa kuluntu jikelele. Ibandakanya amagcisa, ababhali, abakrexezi, izixhobo zokwakha kunye neemvumi.
UAbramtsevo waqokelela abameli benkcubeko. Uhlobo lwepropathi luphefumlelwe ngokwenza imisebenzi emitsha apha. I-Protorial yokholo i-Mammoti "Intombazana eneepere" i-valentina serov yaba luphawu lwale ndawo.
Emva kokuwa kukaSavva, yonke ipropathi-izabelo, izindlu, amashishini kunye nokuqokelelwa kwezinto-zibanjiwe kwaye zithengisiwe. Indlu e-Abramtv yayihlala kwintsapho, njengepropathi yomlingane.
Ubomi Buqu
Umfazi kaSavva Mamontov waba ngu-Elizabeth sapozhnikov. Ukwazi kwabo kwenzeka ngexesha lotyelelo lokuqala lomrhwebi ukuya e-Itali. Intombi yomrhwebi oyimpumelelo ophumeleleyo waza waba yinxalenye egqibeleleyo, ethandwa ngabazali bakaSava kunye naye. Kungekudala umtshato wenzeka. Umfazi wazala uMammoth 5 abantwana. Ileta yokuqala yamagama abo kunye yoyenza igama. USergey, u-Andrei, vsevod, Vera noAlexandra - babiza iindlalifa zomxhasi.
UElizabhete wayengumphefumlo weManor. Umfazi wayeyithanda iqabane, kodwa iiprojekthi ezininzi zeMamondotov zazingelula kuye. Useto lwemithendeleko, useto olumangalisayo kunye nokukhwela kwempahla emlanjeni kuchithwe, nangona inkosikazi yabelana ngezinto zokuzonwabisa zaseSava. Ububele ibingumphefumlo wakhe. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, uElizabhete, ngakumbi kwaye kwahlawulwa ngakumbi ingqalelo kwinkolo kwaye ngenzondelelo waqala wahambelana nomdlalo wendoda yakhe. Kwintsapho kwakukho ukuzala.
Ubomi bobuqu baseMamontov buxoxwa ngabaphathi bama-Abramtvi banomona. Kwakukho amahemuhemu malunga nolwalamano lomxhamli we-orress tathana lyubotovich. Ukuhleba kweza kwintsapho yaseMamontov, kwaye izalamane zabo zothukile ngembonakalo yazo. U-Elizabeth Mamontov wayesondela kwiAbramtvo, kwaye i-savva yaphulukana nobundlobongela.
Wayedla ngokuxabana nabahlobo kunye nabo ubathandayo. Mhlawumbi le perpipe ifuthe ngakumbi kophuhliso lweziganeko. Abarhwebi baphikisana ukuba usomashishini uye wasasazeka. Ngaphandle kokwahluka, waphosa ixesha eliyingozi kwintengiselwano, kwaye le yayingunobangela wokungabhangiswa.
Ukufa
Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bukaSava Mammoti echithe endlwini yentombi yakhe. Umfazi akavumanga ukumxolelanisa naye, kodwa abantwana baxhase unxibelelwano. Abazukulwana baba yi-Ottaya ngomashishini owayesakuba ngumrhwebi. Wasweleka ngo-1918. Unobangela wokufa wakhonza inyumonia. Ityelwe yiyo yonke iPatron yangcwatywa kwiAbramtvo. Ixesha le-provelions lenze ukufa kwakhe kungabonakali, kwaye ingcwaba layo lentengi yayingazange ithweswe isisu kunye nesikhumbuzo.
I-biography yomxhasi igcwalisiwe yiminyhadala kunye nokudibana, ukujika kwekamva kunye nezibakala ezinomdla. Iifilimu "ze-Savva Ivanovich Mamontov" zaphakanyiswa ngobomi bakhe nangezenzo, "savva mamontov. Ukujonga kwi-Yalutovskaya Bell tower "kunye ne-mini-uthotho" savva ". Umbhali Vladislav Bakhrevsky uchaze konke ukungqubana kunye ne-peripetics yobomi be-SAVVA Mamondov kwincwadi yegama elinye.