Biography
UAlexey Savrasov-Inani lezindlu kwipeyinti yaseRussia, indoda enesiphelo esiqatha. Imisebenzi yakhe inyanzelekile ukuba ijongeka ngathi yimibongo ye-classics, ebhalela i-canvas. Uhloboya wamkela abafundi, abaphulaphuli basifundela iLizwi elitsha kubugcisa, kodwa ukwahlula-ntsapho kosapho, utywala kunye nobunzima obuzilandeleyo ezikhokelwa ngumculi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Malunga neminyaka yokuqala kwi-biography ye-Alexei KondratyEvich ayazi kancinci. Ungumntu ongumthonyama moskvich. Uzalelwe ngentwasahlobo ye-1830 kwintsapho yabathengisi abahlala kumhlaba weZamoskvoctye.
Utata waseKondrati Artingyevich wayevelisa iHebedeshery kwaye ephuphe ukuba abantwana baya kuyidla ilifa ithambo lakhe. UmntakwaboNadezhda omncinci, uNikolay, ozuze ishishini lentsapho elungiselelwe ngumzali wethemba. Inyaniso enomdla-kude kube ngama-50s, umzobi wabhala ifani yakhe njengotata - ngo ", u", u-Sepras, kodwa kamva waphendula. " Ke, ngoodadewethu abanamajelo kunye nabazalwana abangatshatanga bobuthixo.
Inkwenkwe yaqala kwangoko ngobugcisa obubonakalayo. Sele nge-12, wapeyinta i-manecolor kunye ne-gouhiche yomhlaba wokuthandana naye. Imisebenzi eyenziwe ngumntu okwishumi elivisayo yayixatyisiwe njengemisebenzi yokwenene yobugcisa kwaye yathengwa ngovuyo esitratweni kangangokuba ekuqaleni kukaBawo owabona ithemba, uyakholiswa. Yonke into yatshintshwa ukusuka kumhla i-Alexey oselula yabhengeza isigqibo sokufunda kumculi kwaye ufake iSikolo seMoscow sepeyinti kunye nesikrini (umculo).
I-Solovas ephezulu yaxhathisa ukhetho loNyana, olwenziwe nge-1844 ngempumelelo kwiimviwo zokungena kwaye yaba ngumfundi. Bohlwaywe ngomntu ongcolileyo, ukuba ngumzali kunye nokuthinjwa kwi-attic. Ukungabikho komfana okukwiiklasi kumadoda kwacaciswa zizizathu zosapho.
Kuphela ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba kokuphila kwikamva lomfundi onetalente lootitshala, ofunda nabo kunye nokukhuthaza i-Obezi ye-Obezina Alexey eLuzey e-Uvanovich Rabus.
Inani lekhoboka ebomini beSavrasov libalulekile. Umfundi ophumelele i-St. Petersburg Academy yoBugcisa, imeko enetalente, waduma kuqala njengomfundisi. Inkosi yamagama aphakanyisiweyo kwaye iphefumlelwe i-Kamenev, Hertz, Ammon, iBracharov kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngaphantsi kwesiqalo, ugqirha womfundi utyhilwe - uSavrasov wathetha njengethutyana njengento entsha kwipeyinti yaseRussia.
Ukupeyinta
Imifanekiso eyenziwe kwiminyaka yabafundi ifumene ukwamkelwa koluntu nakwabasebenza. Ngo-1848, italente yakhe yaqatshelwa kwingxelo ekhethekileyo yabantu. Ngo-1849 yena, njengombhali wabafundi abalungileyo, imema umphikisi we-likhache ukuya kuhambo lokuyila ukuya kumazantsi eRussia. Malunga nemisebenzi eyenziweyo phantsi kohambo lohambo, umgxeki uNikolai Ramzanov wabhala:
"Imihlaba ye-SAVRASOVA ... Ukuphefumla, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezo zinto zithatyathwa yibrashi ye-painter ngenxa yokufudumala kunye nokunye kunye nokunye izimvo zendalo."Kwiminyaka yee-1850s, wazisa kwiBhunga leMisebenzi emi-2: "Imbono kaMoscow Kremlin ngexesha lokuKhanya kweHlathi" kunye "nelitye leHlabathi lokunikezela isihloko somculi .
Enye yeempawu eziphambili zemisebenzi yoMdali ziyabhomboloza, indalo, izele ngengqondo. Ukucinga ngezithethe zothando, wongeza kwi-canvas eqhelekileyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukunyaniseka.
"Ukutsala" ubuhle bendlela yakhe batsala umdla kwimpindezelo. Nge-1854, inkosazana enkulu uMaria uNikolaevna ifumana enye yemisebenzi yombhali kwaye ithenga ukuba ithenge kwidolophu yokuhlala i-sergiyenvka, ibekwe phakathi kwe-petersburg ye-petersburg.
Uhambo luya kuba neziqhamo. Imisebenzi ebhalwe apha iza kuzisa isihloko seMfana esineminyaka engama-24 ubudala, kwaye "ukujonga kufutshane ne-oranienbaum" iya konwaba ukuthenga i-pavel tratykov. Umsebenzi wobugcisa uza kungena olu luhlu lweempawu zokuqala zokuqokelela kwegalari yakhe, apho umfanekiso ugcinwe khona.
Ngo-1858, emva kokusweleka kwekhoboka lakhe elithandekayo, umzobi wakhokelela udidi lwamadoda. Abafundi bakhe baya kuba ziinkosi ezibalaseleyo: UIsake Lell, eKorovny, uMikhail Nesterov. Umoya wenkululeko ulawula kwindibano yocweyo yaseSavrasov, walutyeshela uqeqesho kwaye wavumela iiwadi ngaphezulu kweTshatha. Igor Grabar yabhala:
"USavrasov wayeyazi indlela yokukhuthaza abafundi bakhe, kwaye abo babanjiwe ngonqulo olunenzondelelo lwendalo, besenza isangqa esisondeleyo, ukuba bangajiki kwindibano, nakwindalo."
Emva koko, indlela yakhe eyenziwe ngenkokeli iya kuba sesinye sezizathu zokugxothwa kwiDyunivesithi kunye notywala. I-Superb idibanisa imisebenzi yokufundisa kunye nokufundisa. Unyaka emva kokutyunjwa, wabhala enye yepeyinti ebalaseleyo - "imbonakalo yomhlaba kunye nomlambo kunye neFisherman" (ngoku igcinwe eRiga).
Kwiminyaka engama-60, wathabatha inxaxheba kumboniso we-charty mall, ehamba eYurophu, ekubhalweni kwe-vasily pukirev, ekhuphe incwadi yokuzoba. Isithsaba seminyaka elishumi yendalo yayisisiqithi "sosyena kwisookolniki".
I-70th yaba yeyona minyaka inzima yomsebenzi kunye nelona xesha likhulu kubomi bomculi. Uhamba kakhulu. Ishiya i-moscow, ixesha elide uhlala kwiphondo. Imbono enkulu kwi-SAVROSV ivelisa i-vowga kunye nemibala kwimilambo yomfula onamandla nogcwele. I-ZAVOLZHSKY yanikwa i-canvanes ezininzi, kubandakanya "i-Burlaki kwiVolga". Inomdla wokwazi ukuba kwiminyaka emi-2 kamva, i-canvas enegama elifanayo izakwenza i-Inta ebalaseleyo ye-ilya.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uSavrasov ngokunxulumana nentwasahlobo, umzobi wabhala indalo ngalo lonke ixesha. Umzekelo, kwilifa lombhali umsebenzi omninzi ofanayo negama elifanayo "umhlaba wobusika".
Ngo-1871, ubhala athi "uGracisis wabhabha" umzobo olwalunxulunyaniswa negama lakhe ngoku. I-canvas iqale ibonakaliswe kumboniso wentsebenzo yentsebenziswano yemiboniso yobugcisa yeselula, omnye wabasunguli ayo yayinguSavrasov. Ivan Kramskaya, ethelekisa i-canvas ngemisebenzi yabantu ababephila ngexesha, yabhala
"Imithi, amanzi kunye nomoya, kodwa kukho kuphela umphefumlo" kuphela "."
Kwi-80-90-x "ukubhala ngesandla yombhali kwalingani. Iingxaki zotywala zichaphazeleka, umbono obukhali obukhali kakhulu kunye nentlupheko, apho umculi agxekayo. Phakathi komsebenzi wexesha lexesha - "imbonakalo yomhlaba. Ilali yeValynsky, "apho izinto zingaqhelekanga kwi-SAVRASOV - imibhobho etshayayo, umzi-mveliso unokuba.
Isitayile esinezinto esihle sombhali, ukujonga indalo yaseRussia kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwimbali yokupeyinta, ilizwi lakhe elisuk 'entliziyweni alisuk' entliziyweni alisukni. Inzala kubuntu kunye nokuyila i-Savrasova isemkhulu: Iifilimu zisuswa ngaye, babhala amanqaku anzima, benza imiboniso, ukulungisa amalifa atyebileyo kumcuba.
Ubomi Buqu
Kumculi we-1857 wahlanganiswa nomtshato osemthethweni onoSofia Hertz, owayenodadewethu umhlobo wakhe kunye neyunivesithi. Emtshatweni, abantwana aba-5 bazalwa. 2 Iintombi zomculi zafa kwasebusaneni, ezazisenzelwe yena, aze abaxhome ubushushu.
Ngo-1876, isibini sahlulwa. Umfazi waya kudadewabo, ethatha abantwana, kwaye ebomini bomzobi waqalisa ixesha lokubhadula. Kwakulikhoboka lotywala, kwakubakho ubukho beVyschensky, uncedo loncedo, oluye lwanikwa abahlobo "ukususela ngexesha elidlulileyo", umzekelo, tretykov. Iminyaka emibini idityaniswe noKightyakova. Ukususela ngo-1983 ukuya ekufeni, wayehlala noCatherine Morgunova, owamnika ithemba lentombi nonyana uAlexei, owathi kamva waba ngumculi obalaseleyo waseSoviet.
Ukufa
Iminyaka kunye nobukhoboka obunengxaki yokutsala butywala impilo yomculi. Ityetyiwe ngumntu wonke, ngo-1897, wasweleka esibhedlele ihlwempu.
Ababini babekho kwingcwaba: I-Totytov's Poteents kunye nomfundi weLevitan, owachaza iinkosi ezinje:
"I-Savrasova yakufika iingoma ekupeyisweni kwimeko yendawo kunye nothando olungenasiphelo ngomhlaba wakhe wokuzalwa, kwaye oku kungafanele kulibaleke kwicandelo lobugcisa baseRussia."Ingcwaba likwindawo ye-vagankankavzysky.
Ukupeyinta
- 1850 - "Ilitye Ehlathini"
- I-1852 - "Dawn kwiSteppe"
- 1854 - "Jonga kufutshane ne-oranienbaum"
- Ngo-1859 - "Umhlaba oMnyama noMlambo kunye neFisherman"
- Ngo-1862 - "Uhlobo lweSwitzerland"
- Ngo-1869 - "losyana isiqithi eSokolniki"
- Ngo-1871 - "I-Burlaki kwiVolga"
- Ngo-1871 - "IGrais Sabaw"
- Ngo-1871 - "I-Pechersk Monastery kufutshane neNizhny Novgorod"
- I-1873 - "rassi"
- Ngo-1875 - "imvula"
- I-1884 - "Kutuzov Hut kwiFiligy"