Biography
I-Napoleon III - UMongameli wokuqala weRiphabliki yaseFransi kunye nenkosi yokugqibela yaseFransi, yayingumtshana womkhweli uNapoleon iNapoleon iBobaparte. Kumalume wafumana amandla okugcina iminqweno yezopolitiko yangaphakathi kunye namabhongo okubamba imimandla. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka engama-22 yeBhodi - ukusuka ngoDisemba 20, 1848 ukuya kuthi ga ngoSeptemba 4, 1870 - i-napoleon III yayingaze ikwazi ukuphumelela indawo yamazwe. Isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-200 yokuzalwa komlawuli ngo-2008, abahlali baseFrance balile ukubhiyozela ngomkhamo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-napoleon III, ekuzalweni kukaCharles uCharles Nauis Napoleon, wazalelwa ebusuku nge-20 ka-Epreli ukuya kwi-21 ka-Epreli nge-21 ka-Epreli, nge-21 ka-Epreli eParis. Utata Louis Bonaparte wayengumkhuluwa omncinci we-napoleon i-benzaparte, kunye noMama Hortenia Bogarne ngumsinga wakhe. Ke ngoko, louis (kufutshane negama lenkwenkwe ebuntwaneni) labhalwa kwiqela lokuba libe yindoda yomlawuli weFrance. Umsitho wobhaptizo wabanjwa ngoNovemba 4, 1810.
UCharles Louis wayengumntwana wesithathu kusapho lweLouis kunye ne-hydrangea. Eyokuqala, eNapoleon Charles, yazalwa ngo-1802, kunye nanapoleon i, ngaphandle kokuba nabantwana, ndicwangcise ukumenza indlalifa yetrone yemperial. Kodwa inkwenkwe edluliselwe kwikamva eliKhulu, yasweleka kwiminyaka emi-5.
Ilungelo lokuba ngumlawuli olandelayo waseFrance odlulise unyana wesibini kusapho - uNapoleon Louis, noCharles Louis wayemngqinela. Kodwa ngonyaka we-1811, i-napoleon i-NARIA-Louise i-Austrian yamnika indlalifa ende, iNapoleon II, kunye nendawo yabantwana baseLouis kunye ne-hdddddddrange.
I-Hydrangezwa ibe yimzukisa uNapoleon ndinguMlawuli, ngoko ke oonyana banqula phambi kolwaliwe. Amabali malunga nembono enkulu yenze umbono okhethekileyo kuCharles Louis, onomnye nonina, waqala ukungcwaba umlawuli waseFrance.
Ubomi babantwana abangenafihlo iLouis iphelile nge-31 ka-1814, xa wabona efestileni, njengamajoni o-Antiforzu ungena kwiParis. Umlawuli ekhokelwa ngumlawuli wonke-iRussia uAlexander wayengafuni ukuba noSoka kaJosephine bogarne, iqabane lokuqala likaNapoleon mna noMama weHourtasison, abazukulwana bakhe. UHortenia, wafunda ngawo, wagqiba kwelokuba acwangcise indawo yokwenyama yoonyana. Imbono ithweswe impumelelo ngempumelelo, kwaye ngoncedo luka-Alexander I, wabelwa isihloko seDuchess de Se, ipenshoni kunye kakhulu.
NgoJanuwari 1, 1816, umthetho wapapashwa, ukubonelela ngokugxothwa kwe-genusne ye-genus, kodwa i-hydrangea, kunye noonyana bakhe bashiya iParis ngonyaka wangaphambili. Ngo-Okthobha 1815, i-louis "i-sued" kwinkwenkwe enkulu yomfazi, kwaye iDuchess yahlala ne-charm louis. Bahlala kwinqaba eSwitzerland. Apha, iNapoleon yexesha elizayo iIi ichithe iminyaka eli-17.
Umama waqesha utitshala uPhilip Leba, ofundise imbali yenkwenkwe, waxelela inguquko kunye nemfazwe yexesha leRiphabliki yaseFransi, emva koko ubukhosi. Izifundo zomeleza kuphela uthando lukaCharles Louis kumalume, ngaphandle kwento yokuba uNapoleon endandisusiwe emandleni.
Ukwandisa i-Honeon, i-Hydrangea yamnika uNyana ukuba afundele iKholeji yeAugsburg. Apho uLouis wafunda isiJamani, isiTaliyane nesiNgesi. Ngo-1827, uCharles oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala u-Louis wabhalwa kwi-Optiliedy kunye neSikolo seArtallery eTournai. Emva kokugqitywa kwemfundo, umfana wangena kwinkonzo yomkhosi waseSwitzerland, apho ngo-1834 wafumana isikhundla somphathi.
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko
I-BONAPARANA yayingavunyelwa ukuba ibuyele eFrance, uCharles Louis wagqiba kwelokuba agcine ezopolitiko ngaphandle kwelizwe liphela. Ndikunye nomdala uNapoleon uNapoleon Louis, wathatha inxaxheba ekwenzeni ihlaselo likaChiro Metitti, oyena nomhlazisi weRoma kwi-Trone yeTrone yePapali. Umsebenzi uguqulwe ngoyiswa. Ukongeza, kwi-hike, napoleon louis sele ezelwe, apho wasweleka khona nge-17 kaMatshi, ngo-1831.
Ngo-1836, uCharles Louis wathatha inzame yokuqala yokufumana itrone ye-Frenne, eyayingathwelwanga ngempumelelo. Le ndoda ithathiwe kwi-paris yakhe ukuya kwisigqibo sikaLouis-Philippa i. Wahlala phezu komtshana kaNapoleon, apho wasiwa eMelika, apho uLouis wachitha ixesha elingaphantsi konyaka.
Nge-6 ka-Agasti 1840, inzame yesibini yokuthinjwa amandla ayiphumelelanga, kwaye ngeli xesha uLouis - Filip balawula i-louis, isigwebo esinetyala kakhulu kwinqaba ka-GIM.
Emva kweminyaka emi-6, umfana wabaleka. Ngokubangela into yokuba isizathu salo yayingengomnqweno wenkululeko, kodwa iindaba malunga ne-ambulensi kuYise. ULouis wasweleka nge-25 kaSeptemba ngo-1846, eshiya ipropathi yonyana e-Itali nelifa lelifa.
Ngexesha lotshintsho lwe-18 kaFebruwari we-1848, onke amabanjwa akhululwa, kuquka nabaxhasi bakaCharles Louis. Ngenxa yenkxaso yabo, umlawuli wexesha elizayo wakwazi ukubuyela kwilizwe lakhe. Wanyulwa kwindibano eyaziwayo, nasekunyule uMongameli weRiphabhlikhi yaseFransi nge-10 kaDisemba, kunyaka omnye wafumana i-74% yevoti. I-Aculued yenzeka kwiintsuku ezili-10. Ke uNapoleon III wayeneminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
Ibhunga lolawulo
Kwiphulo lonyulo, uCharles Louis wathembisa emva kokuphelelwa kweBhodi ukuba adlulise amandla kuMongameli omtsha, kodwa ngoJuni 1951 wenza inzame ukuba enze utshintsho kuMgaqo-siseko ngokwexesha elibekiweyo likaMongameli . Ukufumene ukwala, i-napoleon III icwangcise i-cop. Nge-2 kaDisemba kwaloo nyaka, iRiphabhlikhi yaseFransi yawa. UMgaqo-siseko omtsha ngoJanuwari 14, 1852 walawula uMongameli wamalungelo eBhodi kwithuba leminyaka eli-10. La yayingamanyathelo okuqala okubuyisela i-bonapartyy.
Iphulo elilandelayo lezopolitiko likaCharles Louis lakhokelela ekubeni ngoNovemba 21, iFrance lamkelwa ngokusemthethweni njengobukumkani, kwaye waye ngoDisemba 2, kwaye wayeku-2,22 - uMlawuli uNapoleon III.
NgoJanuwari 30, 1853, uMlawuli waseFrance ophawulwe kwi-Aristocrat yaseSpain yase-Evgenia Montia Monti. Kwiminyaka emi-3 kamva, ngo-Matshi 16, 1856, indlalifa kwindlalifa kwi-Imperial, uEugene Louis, ebizwa ngokuba yiNkosana uLulu enkundleni. Ukuzukisa le nto, iNapoleon III ikhutshwe amabanjwa ama-1,200.
Umlawuli wayethanda iphupha ukuba abuyisele urhulumente we-Bomboakorist eFrance, oNgali-hlulo-mali, i-corervatism, inkululeko kunye nobuntu ngaphakathi kuye. Enye yeempawu eziphambili ze-Bonaphartism yimali engenanto phakathi kweeklasi zentlalo. Ukujonga konke ukulingana, uNapoleon III wabhengeza umthetho ofanelekileyo wendalo iphela, onqatshelwe ukuba usebenze ngeempelaveki kunye neeholide zecawa (umthetho owenzekileyo de kube nge-1880).
UMlawuli wafuna ukwenza inyikima ilizwe elikhulu. Ndikunye noNapoleon III, uMbutho weNkalo-ntsapho wadalelwa ukuba axhase oomama abangatshatanga nabangalunganga, ababukele abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nabo benzakeleyo kwimveliso baseka iminyaka engama-30. Ngo-1854, inkqubo yeyeza elithi "Iyeza elingumNxakal" laziswa, apho kwanikezelwa khona inyameko ngabahlali beelali zasimahla. Ngamafutshane, uNapoleon III wazama ukunceda bonke abameli benkampani.
Ngokuphathelele kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, iFrance yaba yesibini, emva kweNgilani, amandla ehlabathi: ivolumu yemveliso yemizi-mveliso, ezolimo zanda, ngenxa yokwakhiwa koololiwe benyuka urhwebo.
UNapoleon III, njengoMangekazi wakhe uNapoleon i, wacela ukwandisa intsimi yombuso, kodwa wayengafuni ukulwa neRussia naseNgilani. Ngo-1858, i-France ne-England ibonke imfazwe yesibini kunye noBukhosi be-qing, ngo-1859 I-NAPOLEON III yagqiba kwelokuba ibeke entlokweni yezakhe. Umsebenzi wokugqibela uye wasilela, ngenxa yokuba igama elithi ilizwe libe lisiba mandundu.
NgoJulayi 19, 1870, uNapoleon III wenza i-Prussia yenqanaba le-prussia ngaphandle koqeqesho olufanelekileyo. Imikhosi kaFransi yabanjiswa, kwaye umphathi welizwe ubanjiwe. Apho wafunda ngotshintsho lwe-Septel, ngenxa yokuba i-Ergeness ExgerIa Montia Montia yasaba nonyana wakhe ukusuka eParis, kwaye uNapoleon III wasuswa kumandla.
IFransi ibhengeze i-capititing, isivumelwano soxolo sasayinwa. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithandathu ku-Matshi, ngo-1871, ngoku onguMlawuli wangaphambili waseFrance wakhululwa, waza waya kumfazi wakhe nonyana wakhe eNgilani. Kwimisitho yezo ntsuku ngo-2015, ifilimu yefilimu "Imbali ye-Mravov" yayidutyulwe.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Napoleon III yayinelungelo elisemthethweni - evgeny montijo. UAlexander Duma-unyana wabiza umanyano lwawo "uloyiso lothando ngaphezulu kocalucalulo, ubuhle-kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo - ngaphezulu kwezopolitiko." Esi sibini sasitshatile kwiCarike yaseParis Univer kaThixo ngo-1853, kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, indlalifa kwitrone yaseFranne Natian Jaan Bhanaan Bonner Ngo-1879.
I-Napoleon III yaba nabantwana abaninzi. I-Alexandrin-Eleonor's Persor Verzho yazala yena yujina (1843) kunye no-Alexander Bure (1845). Ukhulisa uElizabeth Anriern Howard - inkanuko yomlawuli olandelayo. Badibana de kwangama-1853, de kwaEpoleon III itshatile. Kutshiwo ukuba bayaqhubeka nokugcina unxibelelwano de kube ngu-1855.
Ukufa
Kwanangaphambi kokuba iintolongo kwinqaba, uNapoleon III wandezeleka ngenxa ye-ruatitism kunye ne-hemorrhoids, kwaye ukusukela phakathi kwe-1860s, iintlungu ezisezantsi zesisu kunye nokubuyela ezantsi kongezwa. Ngo-1872, umlawuli wafunyaniswa ukuba u-Ustithiiaris. Unyanzelise ungenelelo lokutya.
NgoJanuwari 1873, wenza imisebenzi emithathu, kwaye ngomhla wesine, ngoJanuwari 8, 1873, uNapoleon III wasweleka - into ebuthathaka yedwa ayinakuma imithwalo. Ingcwaba lomlawuli iFrance ikwiinkolitha ze-ST. Michael's Abbey kwi-famarough.
Ngo-1895, uEmil Zola ubhale kwelinye lamaphephandaba eParis:
"Ndikhule phantsi kwempembelelo kaViktor Hugo. "I-Napoleon yaSincinci" yayiyincwadi yembali yam, yona ichaze inyani. Ngo-20, ngexesha lokufika kobukumkani, ndawuqwalasela umtshana we-napoleon enkulu kunye neqela lemigulukudu, "umphangi wobusuku". Kodwa ukusukela ngoko ndatshintsha uluvo lwam ngaye. I-napoleon III, iboniswe eNapoleon Malom, sisilo esiveliswe ngokukodwa yingcamango yeViktor Hugo. Ngapha koko, akukho nto ifana kakhulu neyokuqala kunemifanekiso ethathiweyo ... ".Iinyani ezinomdla
UNapoleon III wabhala amanqaku ezenzululwazi kunye noncwadi kwimbali, abalawuli abathile, utshintsho. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yaphuma ngo-1831 - "incwadi yesifundo se-Artillery" kunye "nezopolitiko nezomkhosi kwiSwitzerland". Emva konyaka, wapapasha "amaphupha ezopolitiko", kwaye kwiimbono ze "Napoleon" (1839) ithetha ngendlela eyiyo.
Uzamile ezi zimvo ukuba aguqulele iminyaka engama-22.
Ngexesha lobomi entolongweni, i-napoleon III, njengoko umtshana kaNapoleon, amalungelo anikezelwa. Iiyure zemihla ngemihla ngosuku kunye naye uchithe inkosikazi ye-Eleonor Verzho. Iindwendwe zavunyelwa ukuba zibe neendwendwe, phakathi kwakukho intatheli iLouis Blanc, iFrancois René De Chastroan kunye ne-Alexander Duma-Nyana, Ducheds Hachelton. Ukongeza, uNapoleon III wavunyelwa ukuba alungiselele ithala leencwadi kwiseli.
UNapoleon III wayenobomi bobuqu obutyebi. Kukwanemtshato, waqala ukungaziphatha gadalala, phakathi kwawo iqabane lomphathiswa wezangaphandle - i-varvskaya ye-marianna-i-baroness i-osmann, i-valeste de merse-argeanto. Ezinye zeempazamo zazinabantwana kumlawuli.
Kwi-Napography III, kwakukho iinzame ezintathu zokuzama ngobomi bakhe - ngo-Epreli 26 nangoSeptemba 8, 1855, ngoJanuwari 14, 1858. Kumsebenzi wokugqibela, abantu abayi-8 babulawa, 156 benzakala - emva koko ibhombu yaphoswa kwinqwelo-mafutha yempepha.
Amabhaso
- Ngo-1848 -Umyalelo wemikhosi eyahlukileyo
- I-1849-I-odolo ye-fiu ix
- I-1850-I-odolo yeGolden Rule
- Ngo-1853-I-odolo yerhuluneli engcwele
- Ngo-1854 -Umyalelo kathathu
- I-1855-I-GARTER ORD
- Ngo-1856 -Umyalelo wompostile oNgcwele uAndrei kuqala
- I-1859 - i-golide yegolide "yobukroti lomkhosi"
- Ngo-1863 -Umyalelo woMsindisi