Biography
I-Rex MAIRINGER REX ye-Rex isuka kwiminyaka encinci yamangalisa abo babengqonge ubuchule bakhe: inkwenkwe eyayinokufunda iBhayibhile kwi-cork iye yedwa, ebizwa ngokuba yiTeta. Enye i-biography ye-stout izele yimicimbi enomdla, iwa kwaye inyuke.
Ufumana umvuzo olungileyo-kwaye ulahlekelwe ziimali ezininzi ngexesha lengxaki, ubhala esebenza omnye emva kwenye - kwaye ngequbuliso inqanawa yeshumi leminyaka. Uthotho lwempumelelo kunye nokusilela kuphele xa umbhali eza noNiro Wolfe no-Archie Goodwin - iinoveli ezisebenzayo, kwaye kakhulu zithandwa kakhulu ngabalandeli bohlobo.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
URex Stout wazalwa nge-1 kaDisemba ngo-1886 kwidolophu yaseNobsville, eIndiana, eUnited States. Wayengumntwana wesithandathu kusapho, wayenabantakwethu noodade abalithoba. Bazali bombhali, uJohn Wallace Stow naseLiutetta Elisabeth todi, babengabantu abahamba ngeenyawo. Kungekudala emva kokuba inkanuko yenkwenkwe, usapho lwabo olukhulu lwafudukela eKansas.
Umbhali katata wayengutitshala. Wasebenzisa ubuchule bakhe beendibano kwinkonzo, nasekhaya. Phantsi kobunkokeli bakhe, wafunda kwangoko ukuze afunde, kwiminyaka emine wayesele efunde iBhayibhile kunye nokujikeleza kabini. Ezona zibizwa ngokuba yinkwenkwe nge-sunder- kwi-13 waba yirekhodi yopelo. Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, iRex yangena kwiDyunivesithi yaseKansas, ekwaMonkeli eLawrence.
Ebutsheni bakhe, ukusukela ngo-1906 ukuya ku-1908, umbhali wexesha elizayo wakhonza e-US Navy, wade waqubisana neJung kwi-chang ye-chancet yacht. Kwiminyaka emi-4 elandelayo, basebenza apha, emva koko, bafuduswa ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe besiya kwelinye bakhangela esona sabelo sibalaseleyo. Ke lo mfo wagqiba kwelokuba azame imikhosi kuncwadi. Ngo-1910-1911, wapapasha imibongo emininzi kwi-Smart Missit.
I-REX yeRicking yokuqala yaseRoma yapapashwa ngo-1913. Nangona kunjalo, ingeniso enkulu kulo mfana akazange ayizise umsebenzi wakhe, kunye nenkqubo yokuqokelelwa kolondolozo lwebhanki kubantwana besikolo. Ngo-1916 wamkelekile kwizikolo ezingama-400. Intlawulo efunyenweyo yeli shishini yayingaphezulu kweminyaka eliqela yobukho obutofotofo nohambo lokuya eYurophu.
Iincwadi
Yaqala umsebenzi wakhe woncwadi ngo-1910. Kwithuba eliphakathi kweminyaka yoo-1912 nowe-1918, ngaphezulu kwemisebenzi engama-40 yapapashwa. Ngokusisiseko, baprintwa ababizwa ngokuba yi-pulp magazine - iimagazini zexabiso eliphantsi zibaliwe kumfundi omkhulu. UHlobo lweePapashi ezipapashwe yindalo yombhali oselula yayingamaphephandaba, iMagazini kaSmith, amabali amafutshane nabanye. URex wayengapheleli kuhlobo olunye, ngelo xesha wabhala abacuphi, ukubamba, intsingiselo yesayensi.
Ke umsebenzi uthathe ikhefu emsebenzini we-STATA. Le ndoda ifuna ukufumana imali eyaneleyo yezinye iindlela, emva koko ingenelele kwiincwadi ngokuzonwabisa kwakhe, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, iRex ayizange ibhale incwadi enye, owona mthombo wengeniso yayo yayiyinto yombhali eqokelelweyo yokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokonga yebhanki. Kodwa, ngendempe, le ndoda yaphelelwa yile mali ngo-1929, xa kwaqala ukudakumba okukhulu.
Ngo-1929, umsebenzi omtsha we-stata wapapashwa - inoveli yengqondo "njengoThixo". Yalandelwa ziincwadi ezintathu zokuqhelaniswa okufanayo, kodwa azizange zinciphise impumelelo enkulu. Ngo-1934, umbhali akazange akhulule ngokuqinileyo uMongameli wezopolitiko "uMongameli waphela". I-Intgnito umbhali wancama inzala yoluntu, abagxeki baphendule malunga nonovelwano. Ngelixa abafundi bebeqikelela ukuba ngubani obhale inoveli, irente yakonwabela amahemuhemu, ngokuthutha ngomsebenzi wakhe. Wavula igama lakhe kuphela ngo-1939.
Ngeminyaka yee-1930s, umbhali wagxila ngokupheleleyo kuhlobo olufungele. Ngo-1934, i-DE-De-De-De-i-De-Lance yapapashwa, yabekwa isiqalo sengcelele le-romanov malunga nocokishekile yabucala niro wolfe kunye nomncedisi wakhe osisigxina u-Archiewin. Incwadi yapapashwa eTarrimer kunye neRinehart yendlu yokupapasha, kwaye ukhetho lwayo olufihlakeleyo lwalubekwe kwindawo yokukhululwa kwemagazini yaseMelika.
I-Niro Wolf, okanye, njengoko wabiza omnye wabagxeki, "Faltafa yehlabathi labacuphi", wazisa uzuko lwehlabathi. Iinoveli zaYenze isiseko sezihlangu ezininzi, iifilimu malunga nomkhiqisi wabucala kunye nomncedisi wabucala bafakwa e-USA, iJamani, iRussia nase-Itali.
Ngo-1937, kwincwadi ethi "Isandla kwigloves", iRex yeza nomlinganiswa omtsha - i-hostess ye-Arhente ye-Arhente yaNgenekazi. Ukongeza, kwi-bibliografini yombhali kukho iinoveli malunga nomnini wabucala we-tekom yangaphambili kwaye ngaphambili i-histr alfabet hick. Nangona kunjalo, impumelelo yoludwe lwe-niro woolfe ayiphindwanga. Ukususela ngo-1940, baye bazahlulela ngokupheleleyo iinoveli malunga nala magorha mabini, de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe.
Kude kube ngo-1966, umbhali ukhuphe incwadi enye ngonyaka. Olunye ngaphandle kwe-1943, xa i-REX yazibandakanya kwimisebenzi yoluntu. Ngokujoyina umbutho kwinkululeko ("ukulwela inkululeko"), wangena kwi-Anti-Nazi-Nazi Propaganda. Ukuphela kwemfazwe, wabuyela kubuchule bokunyaniseka. Lilonke, iinoveli ezingama-33 kunye nebali ezingama-41 zabhalwa malunga neNiro Wolfe. Phakathi kwazo 'ngumanyano lwamadoda anqamlezileyo "(1935)," ii-orchid ezimnyama "(1941)," umgibe wokufa "(1950)," umgibe we-twist "(1958) kunye nabanye.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bombhali bombhali yayingeyonto yakwenza. Ngo-1916, wayetshatile nentombazana egama linguFay Kennedy, owayevela kwidolophu yasePice, eKenas. Umtshato wabo uphume ngo-1933. I-Rex yesibini ye-Rex yaba ngumyili womgangatho we-Weinbach Hoffman, iNee Jamine Paul Weinbach. Ndikubone noMbhali wabacuphi, wayehlala eOstriya, apho wayefunda khona kwi-Architect Josefct Hoffman. Emva koko, ukuphuma nonyana wakhe welfgang, wafudukela e-USA.
URex noPaul waqhelana ngo-1931, ngelo xesha babengakhululekanga. Umbhali wamisa indlu yakhe kwinduli ebekwe phakathi kweBrewster neDanbury. UHoffman weza kwinkampani nomnye umbhali uLiuis Gennet. Ubudlelwane be-REX kunye nemigangatho yaphumla ngokukhawuleza, kunyaka olandelayo bahlukana ne-halves yabo yangaphambili. " NgoDisemba 21, 1932 Umtshato wabo wenzeka, wachitha umnyhadala wasekhaya kwindlu entsha, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Eightom ("Medies Meadeow").
Esi sibini sihlala sonwabile kwilifa kunye nabantwana bakhe - uPawulos wazala umbhali iintombi ezimbini. I-New York Times ibhalile kwinqaku malunga namaqabane, bagqala ngokubona ukuba ngelixa umculi we-posile wawubhabha kwisiqingatha se-wiro Wolfe kwenye " : "Ukutyhoboza i-Spin" kuthetha ngaxeshanye kunye "nesipili sarn", kunye "nokukhwela ibhayisekile", "ukuxelela abo bangenabutyhilekanga"). Emva kokusweleka kweResx, ilungelo lokuthetha kwakhe kwelifa lafudukela kwinkosikazi yayo.
Ukufa
Umbhali wasweleka nge-27 ka-Okthobha ngo-1975. Isizathu sokufa kwakhe yayikukwemvelo - iRegx igqithile kwiLizwe elinye emva kobomi obude nobunemveliso. Kwaye nangona kwiminyaka yakutshanje abayikhululi kwincwadi enye ngonyaka, njengoko kwenzekayo ngaphambili, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa, wapapasha iNcwadi ".
Ubomi boBuku-balinganiswa bamiswa ngu-Emerican Rebert yeGoldsboro, obhale iinoveli ezimbalwa njengesipho sokufa kukanina, fan enkulu yomsebenzi we-STATA. Iincwadi ezingaphakathi komphefumlo ayinguye kuphela, kodwa neentombi zeRex. Ngemvume yabo ngo-1986, iGoldsboro iyabona ukukhanya.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1913 - "I-Knight yakhe enqatshelwe"
- Ngo-1929 - "Njengobuthixo"
- Ngo-1934 - "Fer Dence"
- Ngo-1935 - "Amaqela aboyikayo"
- Ngo-1937 - "isandla kwigloves"
- Ngo-1939 - "Ukufeza kabini"
- Ngo-1941 - "Ukuphuma Kumbumbulu"
- Ngo-1946 - "Stragov Street №1"
- Ngo-1949 - "Ukwamkelwa kwesiBini"
- Ngo-1953 - "izigcawu zegolide"
- Ngo-1956 - "Yitya, usele kwaye ufe"
- Ngo-1962 - "UkuDibanisa"
- Ngo-1968 - "Usukelo lukaTata"
- Ngo-1973 - "Nceda ususe isono"
- Ngo-1975 - "Usapho"