Biography
I-Archka quinji enye yeyona ndawo iphambili yabadlali be-Sursound ye-2 ye-XIX yenkulungwane ye-Xix, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Artist yokukhanya". Lusulwa ngokumangalisayo olwenziweyo lwe-fluxes yokukhanya, kwaye mhlawumbi uthando olukhethekileyo ngobomi kunye nalo lonke elingqongileyo. Utsho nokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa "kwepeyinti yenyanga". Ewe kunjalo, yintsomi nje, egxininisa, ubugqi bobuchule bayo.
Abeninzi abantu abanamandla anokuqhayisa ngolu hlobo lwebhayiloji: Impumelelo kubomi bobuqu nakwindalo, uthando olubalaseleyo kunye nokwamkelwa koluntu, abagxeki, oogxeki. Iiplani zenkosi-i-birch cerch, ebusuku yenyanga, amafu emva kwemvula, ilanga lelanga - libethe kwaye bemangalisiwe yinyani kwaye banoxolo.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umculi wexesha elizayo wazalwa 27 (isitayile esidala esiyi-15) eMariupol. Iinketho zeholide ezaziwayo. Emva kokufa kwindawo yogcino, i-quithwei yafumana ipasipoti emithathu, apho - 1841, 1842 no-1843. Utata wakhe ivan khristoforovich - Imvelaphi yesiGrike, i-Shoomeaker yomsebenzi - lonke igama yayinguEmenja (ukusuka eTurkey - "Indoda yabasebenzi"). Kodwa utat'omkhulu we-Juelira Mejia Fillji-"Mfawukazi Wegolide". Yiyo loo nto ifani yomculi. Akukho lwazi malunga nomama.
Inkwenkwe inyulu inyulu, yavela kwintsapho ka-Anti, umalume emgceni katata. Usebenze kakhulu: I-Pace Gusey, eqokele iKizyak. Ukuba ngumntwana, uYaros bakhusela izilwanyana kuba eHoligans kwaye banceda abo babuthathaka.
Wafunda kuqala i-airups kuqala kwi-minenoprapped titshala. Ukufunda igrama yamaGrike yangena kwisikolo sedolophu. Inzululwazi ayizange itsalele umfundi, kodwa watsala ngovuyo. Njengomncinci, u-Sowukhali wexesha elizayo waya kuyo yonke into: ucingo, udonga, iphepha lesikrini.
E-11, uQuineji waya emsebenzini ekwakhiweni kweCawe: ekhokelwa zizitena, kwaye ngexesha lakhe lokuhlala iindonga zegumbi awayehlala kulo. Emva koko, wasebenza kwindawo yokubhaka. Watsalela umfana ngalo lonke ixesha, kwaye wacetyiswa ukuba aye kubafundi ukuya ku-Ivan Alivazovsky.
I-Archka yahamba ngeenyawo ukuya e-feoyosheya, apho wayehlala khona eArine. U-Ivan Konstantinovich, ongazange wabona italente, akazange afundise umntwana, kodwa akazange aqhube. Ndamkhuthaze indawo phantsi kophahla kwaye ndayalela ukuba ndipele uthango kwaye ndinomdla wokupenda oku. Ukuzibandakanya kwi-Avider Isalamane i-Avivazovsky Adolf Faisisler. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, uKumkanikazi wabuyela eMariupol kwaye waqala ukusebenza kwakhona kumfoti wengingqi. Emva koko uQuinwa waya eSt. Petersburg ukungena kwi-Academy yobugcisa.
Ukupeyinta
Kwiminyaka emibini ngokulandelelana, umzobi wazama ukungena kwi-Academy, kwaye omabini amaxesha angaphumeleliyo. Emva koloyiko lwesibini, i-quinji yabhala umfanekiso weTatar Saknta kwaye wazisa umboniso wezemfundo. Wanikwa isihloko sobugcisa beklasi, kodwa, ngokwala, lo mfana wacela inzaliseko yeAkhademi. Ke ngo-1868, wawa kwi-pap yabafundi.
Ngeli xesha, i-Iyo Retin noVictor Vasnetsov baba ngabahlobo abasondeleyo kwi-Iwanovich archka. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yabo, wabhala iindawo ezimbalwa ezinomdaka eziphumelelayo kwimiboniso.
Ukususela ngo-1870, umculi uhlala esenzeka kwisiqithi sikaValaam kwaye ubhala esebenzisa imisebenzi eliqela anikezelwe kuye. Olona phawu ludumileyo - "ichibi" kunye "kwisiqithi saseValaam". I-kramkaya yokugqibela yeKramkaya. Ufumene i-pavel Tratykov yegalari yakhe.
Ngo-1873, uKenyaji uthatha inxaxheba kumboniso woMbutho ekukhuthazeni amagcisa. Wazisa ipeyinti "ikhephu" kuluntu oluqondayo, apho i-ranzer ye-ranzer ifumene imbasa yebronze eLondon eLondon.
Ngo-1875, uKumkanikazi wamkelwa entloko. Wabhala wabeka inkululeko "yobusuku base-Ukraine" kwi-Supernice elandelayo. Abaphulaphuli babenomdla ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwenyanga, eyayingasemva kobusuku obumnyama egutyungelwe i-iKick Horaine Horaine Hoble.
Ukusuka kulo msebenzi kwaqala "ixesha lothando" emsebenzini welungelo lokuhlala. Ngeli xesha, inkosi ikwindlela yokukhangela esebenzayo yokuyila. Ubugcisa obutsha kwi-Russia buba kukusetyenziswa kombala oqaqambileyo ngokwazisa imibala eyongezelelweyo.
Ngo-1876, inkosi yasasazeka kunye neengcamango zefowuni. Waye waqonda ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba angagxothi ubomi, kodwa ukuze avuye yena. Kwaye ngo-1879 ekugqibeleni washiya intsebenziswano. Kwakuloo nyaka, umzobi wangeniswa eluntwini kwi-Trilogy: "Mzantsi", "Birch Grove", "emva kwemvula". Iziphumo zokuxinezeleka zibonakale apha, nangona umbhali engasebenzisi iimpikiswano eziqhelekileyo malunga nolu lwalathiso.
Ngo-1880, umzobo walungiselela ukuboniswa komfanekiso omnye. Ubusuku "obunenyanga elunxwemeni loDerer" lwalujolise ekuthatheni ingqalelo uluntu. Kwigumbi elimnyama, apho kungekho ray enye yokukhanya efakwe, kuphela umsebenzi owawukhanyiswe ngaphaya kwendawo yombane. Kwi-Eneticate, kwabonakala ngathi inyanga iyakukhanya. Iindwendwe zajonga i-canvas ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mthombo wokukhanya apho.
Umsebenzi waba kunqweneleka kwiihambo ezininzi zokupeyinta, uthengise uGrand Deoke Konstantinovich. Ukusebenza emfanekisweni, umzobi waphupha ngeepeyinti, ezisetyenzisiweyo. Iphelile ukuba kwiziphumo zomoya kunye nokukhanya uyabongoza. Kwaye "ubusuku bobusuku elunxwemeni lwe-Derer" ekugqibeleni yatshintsha umbala, kodwa ayichaphazeli ingqondo yakhe. Sele ibonakale idipozithi yedipozithi yokuqala kwimveliso yomhlaba.
NgoJuni 1882, uKumkanikazi walungiselela ukuboniswa kwemisebenzi emibini: "I-Birch Grove" kunye "nobusuku boDnieper", emva koko yonke iminyaka yaya kukonga. Ubhale kakhulu, kodwa wayeka ukubonisa imisebenzi yakhe.
Ngo-1888, umculi kunye noNikolai Yaroshenko eCaucasus. Apho babona into enqabileyo - ukubonakalisa amanani awo okwenziweyo kwilifu eliqaqambileyo. Ukulandela uhambo, imihlaba entle yentaba yazalwa.
Ngo-1901, umbuhlungu wagqiba kwelokuba abonise abafundi bakhe kunye nesangqa esilinganiselweyo ababukeli inani lemisebenzi emitsha. Phakathi kwazo yayili-canvas "Krestu kwigadi yeGefsema". Yabethwa. Le nto imbali yobuqu iVladimir Perov yabhala malunga nomfanekiso:
"Icebo, elitsalele umnxeba ephindaphindiweyo - iimovie, itolikwa ye-fesji ngokwamava akhe eGenesis, ngokulandelelana, isibane esivela ekukhanyisweni kukaKristu siyakholelwa Umahluko obukhali obumnyama, apho iindlela zikaYesu zisebenze ububi. "
Umsebenzi ugcinwa kwi-vorontsov ye-vorontsov -myuziyam kwi-Alupka.
Ngexesha lokususela ngo-1900 ukuya ku-1905, inkosi ibhala umfanekiso "wemvula". Namhlanje yinxalenye yentlanganiso yeMyuziyam yaseRussia. Kukho umsebenzi ofanayo, kodwa omncinci ogcinwe kwimyuziyam yeChuvash.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-17, umfana wathandana okokuqala nangonaphakade. I-Whaletater yaba yinkohlakalo yeKetheri-shapovav. Abantu abancinci badibana endlwini kayise wentombazana - umrhwebi osisityebi. Ukuphawula iimvakalelo zentombi yakhe, watshata ukuba utshatile noBosyaka. YINTONI EYENZIWEYO Impendulo yeTategoricara:
"Ukuba akuyo i-Arhebhar, ize kuphela kwimonki."
UKesterji bamisela imeko: Ikhulu lengqekembe yegolide kwintsikelelo katata. Umculi oselula ukufumana imali enjalo, kuye kwafuneka ndiye eSt. Petersburg. Kwaye ukholo lwahlala lulinde. Kwaye walinda. I-Assup ifumene inani elifunekayo. Kodwa utata watshintsha iimeko kwaye wafuna imali engaphezulu. I-Quineji ishiye kwakhona kwi-St. Petersburg. Wayephila ngokuchutha kwaye wasebenza kakhulu.
Ngo-1875, abantu abancinci batshata. Emva komtshato, umyeni omtsha wabhala umzobo weqabane lakho. Kuhambo lomtshato waya kwisiqithi saseValaam. Ngexesha lohambo, kwadlalwa isaqhwithi esomeleleyo. Amaqabane asindiswa kwaye agqibe kwelokuba: Nje ukuba uThixo abebugcinele ubomi babo, kufuneka ubathumele kwizenzo ezilungileyo.
Emva komtshato, uKumkanikazi wabhala umfanekiso emva kwenye. Imisebenzi yathengiwe. Ngokungafaniyo ne-venius ezininzi, wamkelwa kwaye ethandwa ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe. Kodwa amaqabane akhokelele ngobomi obuthozama, ngelixa enceda amagcisa amancinci. Ithumele imali kumahlwempu. Uthenge izindlu ezi-3 eSt. Petersburg apho abahlobo baphila khona. Umfazi waxhasa umyeni wakhe kwimicimbi. Ayisifune iidayimani kunye neempahla ezihle kakhulu, azilungiselele kwaye icocwe indlu. Ukuba ngumdlali wepiyari onetalente, andizange ndithathele ingqalelo izandla eziyimfuneko ".
Iqabane lakho lasinda kwiThele iminyaka eli-10. Kwakungekho abantwana abavela kwisibini.
Ukufa
Ngo-1907, impilo yomculi yaqalisa ukuba mandundu. Ekuqaleni wabona umoya onamandla. Kwaye ngentwasahlobo ye-1909, ebuya ePristasa, wachitha ngaphezulu kweveki phakathi kobomi nokufa. Oogqirha benza i-x-ray bafumana ukwandiswa okuqinileyo kwentliziyo kunye ne-aorta. Ukugula umculi osungulwe ngokupheleleyo. Olu hlaselo lwemisiwe, kwaye umhlobi wakwazi ukululama, kodwa hayi.
Intwasahlobo elandelayo, ngexesha lohambo lokuya eCrimea, uKumkanikazi wema ehotele, apho wakhwela khona. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-lalamition ye-Lung. Umculi wayeneminyaka engama-68 ubudala. Ebudeni belo xesha, esi sifo singobuqili kakhulu, kwaye sidibene nentliziyo esigulayo, esiphantse saphazamiseka. I-Myocarditis ngokuthe ngcembe zabulawa ngqi.
Oogqirha bamisela uxolo olupheleleyo, akukho ntlanganiso kunye neengxoxo. I-Vera Leontievna ihleli ngeli xesha kwi-st. petersburg. Ixhalabile ngokungabikho kwe-Wesda, waya eYalta. Ngelo xesha, u-IVanovich u-Ivanovich waba ngcono. Ubuyele kwikomkhulu lasemantla, apho kufanele ukuba ihanjiswe ngumculi. Kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke. Ufike e-Yalta okwesibini kwaye ngokwakhe walungelelanisa intshukumo. Oogqirha bacetyiswa ukuba baphathwe eCaucasus, kodwa i-GREAT ithathe i-sestroretsk. Nangona kunjalo, wasilela ukufika apho.
Kwi-St. Petersburg, imeko ye-ivanovich Archcharch yasinda kangangokuba icacile - emva kokuba kuqwalaselwe imihla yakhe. Iinyanga ezimbini zidlulile kwintuthumbo. Umculi wayeqonda ukuba ukufa kwakufuphi. Wayefuna ukubona abahlobo. Ngeli xesha, abafundi bakaRoerich, uZaruberin, uTsablov wayehlala eseza kuye. Abahlobo bawomshiyanga.
UGqr. Alexander Guvrilovich Gurwich urekhode incoko ethile kunye nomculi kwidayari yakhe kwiiveki zokugqibela zobomi bakhe. Ngokukodwa, waqhuba ngendlela efanayo phakathi kwamagcisa noogqirha, ukuxambulisana:
"Umculi lo uyaziyo ukubamba kwaye athathe inxaxheba engaphakathi, nokuba ngumntu kunye nentsingiselo yobomi, ethi, ngokungathi basasazwe kuyo ... Kutheni le nto oogqirha bengazinzi? Kwaye kufuneka bakwazi. "
Iingxoxo ezininzi zefilosofi zazikhokelele umculi onenxaxheba kwiintsuku zokugqibela zobomi. Ubandakanyeka kwimixholo yobugcisa, inkolo kunye nokuziphatha komntu. Ukuba yindoda enemiphefumlo enomphefumlo obanzi, washiya ubunzima.
Ekuqaleni kwentsimbi ye-11 kaJulayi, ngo-1910, ivanovich Archka ayizange ibe. Ibhokisi yomzimba yabekwa kwi-Academy yezoBugcisa, kwaye ukusuka apho ukuya emangcwabeni, yayiqhutywa ngezandla zabafundi. Ukudibana kwabandakanywa ngabaqingqi, nto leyo eyamnceda umculi. Ingcwaba lo "culik 'lokukhanya "- kumacebo amaTikhvin yeAlexander Nevsky Lavra. Umyili we-African Susov, umkhuhlane we-Beklemimishev, umzobi Nikolai Rorich, uMsasazi Frelov, wabekwa kuyilo lwakhe.
Ukupeyinta
- Ngo-1869 - "Capas kaIsake phantsi kwenyanga"
- Ngo-1871 - "iLake Ladoga"
- 1873 - "Kwisiqithi saseValaam"
- Ngo-1875 - "I-BurIan"
- I-1875 - "I-Autumn. Usuku olunamafu ngaphezulu kweSteppe"
- Ngo-1876 - "ubusuku base-Ukraine"
- Ngo-1878 - "Ngokuhlwa eUkraine"
- Ngo-1878 - "ukutshona kwelanga kwilanga"
- I-1889 - "Birch Grove"
- I-1880 - "Ubusuku boMdaniso kwiDnieper"
- 1887 - "UTransta. Unxweme lwaselwandle"
- Ngo-1900 - "ukutshona kwelanga kwi-steppes"
- Ngo-1905 - "eCeria"
- I-1908 - "igadi yeentyatyambo. ICaucasus"