Biography
Ingqina le-William Teliam Teckery yaziwa ngabantu bexesha lokubulela nenoveli "ye-vanlive", kodwa kwi-vily chair ", kodwa kwi-villy imisebenzi emininzi, ukusuka kwi-rose neringi". Kwiminyaka engama-52 yobomi, umxholo ongumNgesi wadala iinoveli ezininzi kunye neenkokheli, uluntu namandla, kwaye walikhumbula umhlaba njengegama "lobugcisa".Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-William Mapckis i-tekcket yazalwa nge-18 kaJulayi, i-1811 eCalcutta, i-clonitali yase-India. Inkwenkwe kuphela komntwana kwintsapho yeRichmond Testneea no-Ann Becten, oswele uthando lwabazali. Utata wasweleka ngo-1815 ukusuka kwi-fever, emva kwendlu umama wathumela unyana wakhe eNgilani. Umntwana wasinda kakhulu ngokwahlukileyo: Ukugweba ngomfanekiso kaWilliam no-Ann, kubhalwe nguGeorge Chinery ngo-1813, kwabakho ubudlelwane bosapho obusondeleyo phakathi kwabo.
Ngo-1817, lo mfazi watshata nothando lokuqala uHenry Karmaika-Smith. Kwiminyaka emi-3 kamva, esi sibini safudukela eNgilane. Unyana wabona ubuso bakhe bomthonyama emva kokuhlulwa okude, kodwa hayi ixesha elide: wathunyelwa kwinkampani yasekhaya eLondon. Apha inkwenkwe yaba ngabahlobo noJohn Lial, i-Cartoonist yekamva.
Kunyaka ophelileyo wokufunda, uWilliam waya kugula, kwaye ukufika kweKholeji yeTrinidge yeTrinity kuye kwafuneka kuhlehlise de kuFebruwari 1829. Le ndoda yayingenamdla kwisayensi echanileyo, wapapasha amanqaku anetirirical kwiimagazini zeyunivesithi "kunye" neGownsman ". Ke andiphumelelanga ukuphinda ndifunde, i-tekkrey yayishiywe yiCambridge ngo-1830, ndidlulile eParis no-Weimar, apho umntu omaziyo, khona noJohann Wolf Wollgang Von Goehe wenzeka.
Kwiminyaka engama-21, umfana wafumana ilifa kuYise. Inxalenye yemali i-William ilahlekile ekhadini, enye ityale imali kumaphephandaba angasebenziyo "uMgangatho weSizwe" kunye "noMgaqo-siseko", owaceba ukupapashwa. Ukuwa kweebhanki ezimbini zaseIndiya, apho iintsali zelifa zazikuxoka, zajika zona amahlwempu. Umyeni ofumana isonka ngekhathuni yokupeyinta, eyathi kamva wawahombisa amaphepha emibhalo yakhe, kwangaxeshanye epapashiweyo kwimagazini "iMagazini kaBroser". Kolu shicilelo, umsebenzi wokuqala obalulekileyo wombhali "uKaterina" wapapashwa.
Iincwadi
Ukudala "iKaterina", iTekckeree ityhile i-biography ye-jack sheppard, isela lesiNgesi kunye ne-Shoudii yokuqala ye-Xvii, eyabhalwa nguWilliam Einsworth. I-novelist yayinenkcazo ephantse yangqinelana nesaphulelo esiyingozi, kwaye i-tekkrey yagqiba kwelokuba ibonise umhlaba wolwaphulo-mthetho njengoko yayinjalo - imbi.
Owona mlinganiswa uphambili webali yayinguKaterina Haze, umfazi ongumNgesi wokugqibela, watshisa ephila emlilweni. Isizathu sokusohlwaya ngokuqatha bekusisifo somyeni wakhe. Ngaphandle kwenjongo yombhali, ukufumana i-Akertos, iKaterina ibangela ububele njengabathandi bakhe ababini, izabelo zokubulala.
Umsebenzi owonakalisayo awukayithandi i-Dedonery, ngenxa yoko ubomi bakhe "uKaterina" wabona ukukhanya kube kanye nge-18 kaMeyi i-180, ibali lapapashwa phantsi kwe-puuduundums iki molomons, esquir, jr.
Ngo-1844, kwijenali enye, inoveli yesibini ye-Novesy Lyndon "yaphuma, kamva yaphinda yaphinda yafika phantsi kwegama elithi" amanqaku e-Esquins, ebhalwe nguye ". Embindini wobawo-umfontini - inyani evela kwi-Ireland, efuna ukuba sisityebi kwaye ingenele uMbutho weAristocrats yesiNgesi.
Ngo-1975, inoveli yayikhuselwe uStanley Kubrik. I-Barry Lyndon yaba sesona sifilimo sibalaseleyo somlawuli: Wanikwa amabhaso amane amabhaso.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1840, igama likaWilliam Tokkesey laxoxwa nge-53 Amanqaku amafutshane e-Sarcastic, aphuma kwifomathi ye-1848 kwifomathi yokuqokelela kwaye afumane igama "snob". Kodwa udumo lwehlabathi kumbhali lwazisa inoveli "ilungele ubuxoki". Ngokweekowuti eyakhiwe ngokwakhe, lo msebenzi unyukele "ukuya phezulu komthi wokuyila".
Iziganeko zenoveli zisenzeka kwimvelaphi yeemfazwe zeNapolenic. Ngaphandle kwesoyikiso sokutshatyalaliswa kwentshabalalo yesiqhelo, amagorha afumana ubomi babo kuphela kwaye ulungile: uluhlu, izihloko, impilo-ntle yenyama.
I-tekkerei ibizwa ngokuba "yi-vanilly fiel" "i-roman ngaphandle kweqhawe", kodwa abafundi bepenshoni iPinerton, uEmilia Sadli noRebecca Brepe bakreciwe kumbindi wembali. Intombazana yokuqala evela kusapho olukhuselekileyo, i-chista mileles kunye nemerovo, kodwa ayinamsebenzi okhethekileyo, kwaye intombi yakhe ilungele ukuya entloko yabo ngenxa yelanga.
Ngexesha lomsebenzi, umbhali ngokungathi uthelekisa amaqhawe amabini: ohlala bhetele, onemali engaphezulu- noyolo. Impumelelo nganye yamantombazana ngumtshato ophumelelayo, ilifa eliphambili, ukuzalwa komntwana - imithi yagculelwa. Ibonisa uluntu njengento elungileyo ethengwa kuyo yonke into ethengiweyo kwaye iyathengiswa: Ixabiso, uthando, intlonipho.
Emva kokubuya kwenoveli, umbhali watyholwa ngokungenisa mfuneko yenkampani emfanekisweni emnyama, eyokhrepch iphendule into yokuba ubona abantu "bezotha." Nangona kunjalo, ii-aristocrats kunye nabanini bomhlaba, amagosa kunye neediplomats, umfana akazange azilandele iinjongo zabo zokuhlazisa. Ngokuchasene noko, bendifuna ukunyanzela uMbutho ukuze aveze amehlo ukuba angazi ukungazi kwakho kunye nekratshi.
"I-Vality Fair" ngowona msebenzi waziwayo weTokkesea. Okwangoku, izihlangu ezingaphezu kwama-20 zisusiwe: Iifilimu ezisisidenge kunye nezikhululo zikanomathotholo, uthotho lobugcisa. Eyona nto "intsha" yevidiyo yenoveli ye-7-rintaint yothotho lwe-7 ka-2018 nge-Olivia Cook kunye neClaudia Jesse kwindima ekhokelayo.
Ukufezekisa umbhali uloyiso, omnye umntu ongumNgesi akazange aphungulo. Ngo-1850, ukukhanya kwabona inoveli "penenninis" (ngegama elinye "imbali kaPenennis, impumelelo yakhe, izihlobo zakhe kunye notshaba olubi". Owona mlinganiswa uphambili yi-Arthur Penadning, indoda emsundu eya eLondon ukuze ufumane indawo ebomini nakuluntu. Abagxeki boncwadi baphawula ukuba abalinganiswa kule noveli bafumana abalinganiswa bamagorha 'obuxoki ".
Kwiminyaka emi-2 kamva, iTekkeei yakhupha "ibali likaHenry Esmond" - inoveli eyokuba ngumbhali ithathe ingqalelo eyona ilungileyo kwi-bibliography. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali wesiNgesi uGeorge Eliho ubizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi "Eyona ncwadi ingakhululekanga, onokuyicinga. Uhlalutyo olunjalo lwexesha elinjalo le-tekkemey Dalae kuba, kuyo yonke inoveli, i-Henry Esmond ifuna indawo yentombazana encinci, kwaye ibali litshatelwe ngunina. Ngo-1859, ibali laliqhubekile kwigumbi le-Agels ".
Ubomi Buqu
NgoJulayi 20, 1836, uWilliam Tekcrech wangena kwi-Isabella Gein. Abathathu abantwana bazalelwa kwintsapho: uAnn Isabella (1837-199), uJane (1839, wasweleka eneminyaka emi-8) kunye noHarriieta Marien (1840-1875).
Ukuzalwa kwentombi yesithathu uHarriet wajika waba sisisihlo esibuhlungu kubomi bombhali: Uxinzelelo lweposi lwaqala iqabane. NgoSeptemba 1840, iTekkeei, efuna ukunceda u-Isabelle yoyisa ixesha elinzima, waya naye eIreland. Ngexesha lokuwela, eli bhinqa laphuma ngefestile kulwandle oluvulekileyo, kodwa wasindiswa.
NgoNovemba 1840, imeko yengqondo yomfazi wombhali iye yahlaselwa, yathatha ukhathalelo lobungcali. Kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, lo mfazi uchithe kwiikliniki zengqondo zeParis, emva koko abongikazi baqwalaselwa emva kwakhe. Akazange aphiliswe, kodwa wasinda kwiNtande yayo iminyaka engama-30, uyafa ngo-1894.
Naxa u-Isasla Nastiga, uTekresi wahlala ethembekile kwiqabane lakho ngokusemthethweni, kodwa wayenenoveli yombhali waseBritane waseBritane Brookfield kunye ne-sally baxter.
Eyona ntombi iphambili kakhulu kaWilliam ngu-Ann Isabella - ummeli oqaqambileyo woncwadi lweVictoria lwaseVictoria. Nomntwana omncinci wombhali, uHarriet, etshatile umbhali-mbali waseSinglie uSilie Stephen. Esi sibini saba nentombi kaLaura, ozuze isifo sengqondo sengqondo kwi-Gomermour i-Isabella Goyyn.
Ukufa
Impilo ka-William Turkeea ye-William Turkea ye-William Turkee yaqala ukonakaliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1850, wayetshutshiswa ngokungazenzisiyo. Ngapha koko, umbhali wavakalelwa kukuba uphulukene nenkuthazo. Ngenxa yoku, waqalisa ukusebenzisa kakubi ukutya neziselo, ukuphilisa "ukutshintshwa" kokuthetha. " Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-Bhritane yeBritane yayingu-Red Pepper, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo okuphelise inkqubo yokugaya ukutya.
NgoDisemba 23, 1863, ukubuyela ekhaya emva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa, umbhali watshutshiswa. Ngentsasa elandelayo, nge-24 kaDisemba, i-Tearkeea yafunyanwa ifile.
Ukufa kuka-52 oneminyaka engama-52 ubudala wamangaliswa. Umngcwabo eKonnstoston Gardens watyelela ngaphezu kwamawaka ama-7 amawaka. Umzimba wombhali uphumle kumangcwaba aluhlaza okukormins, kwaye eWestminster Abbey, i-tekkesey yeTekkesey, i-wind ngu-France Scowtorty, ifakiwe.
I-Bibliography
- 1839-1840 - "Katerina"
- 1844 - "AMANQAKU AYLYON, ESquire, ebhalwe Yedwa"
- 1848 - "Incwadi ye-Snob"
- Ngo-1848 - "mpub 'ubunyani"
- Ngo-1848-1850 - "Ipendelo"
- Ngo-1852 - "Manenekazi aqhelekileyo"
- 1852 - "Imbali ye-Henry Esmond"
- I-1855 - "i-rose neringi"
- Ngo-1857-1859 - "BangamaVisrigini"