Biography
U-Ivan Moskvitin - IAtaman yee-Cossacks ezifihlakeleyo, umnini-mhlaba, owokuqala elunxwemeni lolwandle lwe-Okthotsk. Lo ngumntu onobuntu bakhe awaziwayo.
Yayiyintoni i-biography yommandla wombuzo waseRussia - ongaziwayo. Ivan moskvitin iphakama kubungqina obubhaliweyo kuphela ngo-1626, sele umntu omdala. Ababhali-mbali bathi iMoskvitin yazalelwa nge-1600.
Babengoobani abazali bakhe kwaye apho i-Ivan encinci yayikhula khona - unokuqikelela kuphela. Enye yezi gudu kukuba indoda iyahamba ukusuka eMoscow okanye kufutshane nesixeko samaziko okuhlala. Le nguqulo isekwe kwinto yokuba ngezo ntsuku abantu babedla ngokufumana i-sersen ngokwendlela yokuhlala.
Ukuhamba nokuvula
Iminyaka eqoqo yeMoskvitina yawa ngexesha lophando ngabantu baseRussia kwimimandla yaseSiberia nakwimpuma ekhulu. Omnye wenkuthazo yokuhamba kwiimbars ezinzima ngelo xesha yayingamahemuhemu malunga nokufudumala kwentsomi yentsomi.
Ukuba yiTomsk Cossack kwaye, mhlawumbi, kwinqanaba le-Foreman, ivan ngo-1635, phantsi kokuqala kweAtaman, i-Dmimery epifanovich kopylova wathetha neYakutsk. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, i-ostrode yasekwe ngu-koplovlov. Indawo yayo echanekileyo ayaziwa: Ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo, iOderog ngokwakhe yayikwi-Aldan River, okanye emlonyeni wegosa lakhe, Mai.
Ngo-1939, indawo yokuthintela umhlaba wama-39 abantu abahamba ngendlela yolwandle lwaseLamsk. U-Ivan Moskvin wanyula intloko yeCoplov, uMculo we-nkqu we-nkqu wahamba kunye nokuxhasa iqela. Ulwazi malunga nohambo lukhona ikakhulu ngenxa yelinye ilungu le-tayile-i-Yakut Cossack ayilunganga kwi-ivanovich kolobov. "Intsomi yakhe" malunga nephulo elinoMkskvitin lubungqina obubaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yolwandle lwe-okhotsk.
Ngokutsho kwe-cossocks, ii-cloves yayiyindawo ixesha elide, kwaye uIvan badweliswe ngokupheleleyo kwiirekhodi zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo zokungena. Emva kweeveki ezi-6, abahambi bafikile emlanjeni nyudi kwaye batshintsha indlela yokuhamba. Ukuba ngaphambi kokuba i-cossacks ihamba oontathu, kwagqitywa kwelokuba kwenziwe isukele apha.
Kuzo, iingubo zangaphantsi zihamba kwimvelaphi yaseNydi, apho bavula i-ridge uJurge kwaye, ephosa imbambano, ehambahamba ngeenyawo. Ngokukhawuleza uyeke umqolo, ii-cossacks zakha ikholamu entsha kwaye iintsuku ezizayo zehla ukuya kuthi ga emanzini. Kwaye inqanawa yaphinda yayeka-ukuphepha ilahleko engafunekiyo, abahambi bayogqithisela ingozi eyingozi yendlela ngeenyawo.
Enye indlela elele emanzini: iqela le-moskvitina lazakhe i-bidar - le nqanawa yayinokufumana abantu abaninzi kunomqolo. Amandla okhuseleko ngeli xesha ngokukhethekileyo aqokelele ukutya, kodwa iibhanki zeebhanki ezinokutya kube lula - ithuba lokuloba lavela.
Ngo-Agasti, i-1639, i-Cossack Deastin ifikelela kwiLamsk (ngoku - EYoCSK) yolwandle. Isantya sentshukumo sasimangalisa-indlela yemimandla engaziwayo yayizinyanga ezi-2, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amalungelo abenzi kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokwakhiwa kwezikhephe.
Ubusika bugqibile emlanjeni. Abemi bendawo baxelelwa iMoskvitin malunga nobukho bomnye umlambo emantla, apho uhlala khona, kule migangatho, abantu. U-Ivan Yulyevich uthathe isigqibo sokungacothisiyo kunye nophononongo kude kube sekupheleni kobusika kwaye ngo-Okthobha wathumela iqela labantu abangama-20 bakhangela umlambo. Emva kweentsuku ezi-3 zokuhamba, ukukhwela i-cossacks wafumana umfula ofumene igama kubo ukuzingela. Ukuzingela izilwanyana, eli gama alinabo ubudlelwane-nje abantu baseMoskvina baguqula i-nkqu "Akat" - uMlambo.
Ukuzingela elwandle, amadoda afudukela eMpuma kwaye wakhangela ngaphezulu kwe-500 km yonxweme olusemantla kulwandle lwe-Okthotsk. Nangona kunjalo, kwacaca ukuba akukho nto inokwenziwa kwinqanawa yomlambo kwimilo yamanzi olwandle-kwakuyimfuneko ukubuyela ebusika kunye nokuzibandakanya ekwakhiweni kwee-Nomads - i-One-LABRICY STAYS ENYE YOKUHLAZIYA EMVA KOKUSETYENZISWA KWEXESHA LOBOMI NGE-SIL NE abathunywa.
Ngexesha lasebusika, omnye wabantu bendawo baxelela uIvan Yuryevich malunga nomfula othile (kamva owathi indebe), umlomo neziqithi ezihlala abanye. Ukulinda intwasahlobo, iqela le-moskvitin, kunye nomphinzi, umqhubi wesifundo uphume elwandle, ebambe ikhosi ukuya emazantsi. Indlela yezikhuselo idlulile kunxweme lwasentshona loLwandle lwe-Othotsk, emva koko ii-cossacks zafikelela kwimilebe yomlomo we-UDA kunye nomlomo woMlakhe, emva koko wafika kwi-Sakhalin Bay.
Abahlali basekhaya base-USSA bandise ulwazi lwe-Ivan yulyevich malunga "nomlambo iMamuri" kunye neengxowa zakhe, kunye nabantu abahlala kule ndawo. Abemi babagcini be-Amr bagcina iintendelezo, bafumana iinkomo nentaka kwaye uqoqosho lwaluqhelekile ukuba abahambi.
Xa amatyotyombe afikelela kunxweme olusentshona lweSakhalin Bay, umqhubi wesifundo waphosa umxholo, kodwa akazange ayeke abasuksi, kwaye baqhubeka nonxweme. Ngokucacileyo, kuhambo, amadoda abona iziqithi zase-Amiman nenxalenye yeSiqithi saseSakhalin. Kodwa ukufikelela emlonyeni we-u-Amur akunakwenzeka - ukutya kwaqala ukuphosa, kwaye abantu baqala ukuthuthumbisa indlala.
I-Autumn yazisa ngemozulu yemozulu, kwaye ngoNovemba, iqela le-moskvitin lanyuka ebusika be-Alda. Ukulinda intwasahlobo, i-Cossacks iphinde yawela uJugjur, ndaphuma ukuya kuthi ga kwaye babuyela eYakutsk ukuya embindini wehlobo.
Ngexesha, uhambo oluthathe iminyaka emi-2. Ngokutsho kolwazi olunikezwe yi-cossack kolobov, intlanzi eninzi ifumaneka kwindawo yokufunda, kunye nebhekethi yakhe ikhusi ixabiseke kakhulu. Amagunya e-Yokut, echaza iziphumo zohambo, avelise i-moskvin kwiPentekosti, kunye namalungu e-Bestication ecinezelela imali kunye nokusika kweSokna.
Ngo-1645, iMoskvitin kunye ne-Ataman Koplov inikwe ingxelo kwiNkosana ye-Osipu Shrberbatov ngokulungiselela iphulo le-Cossack kwi-Cupid, kodwa ezi zicwangciso zazingaqhubeki ngenxa yephulo laseVasily Pogakov. U-Ivan Yurevich wayekhanyele eMoscow, apho waphinda waxelela khona malunga nohambo oluya elwandle kunye nemiphumo yoko. Kwi-1647, indoda yabuya eTomsk sele ikwinqanaba le-Ataman Hing Cossacks.
Kwiingcebiso malunga nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lommandla, ivan yulyevich icebise ukuba ithumele ubuncinci abantu abaxhobileyo kumazwe amatsha ukuya kumazwe amatsha.
Ulwazi malunga nejografi lendawo ebonelelwe yiMoskvitin, kamva, kwi-1640s, yanceda i-Ivanov ukuba iqhube imephu yempuma engasempuma. Yiyo loo nto, kunzima ukuyigcina igalelo lephulo lika-Moskvin kwi-OKHOCK Ulwandle: Ndiyabulela ekuvuleleni i-Iscourta Islands kunye nemilebe ye-UDA, kwaye ndiqokelele ulwazi lwabantu base-Amur.
Ubomi bobuqu kunye nokufa
Emva kokuqeshwa kweMoskvina I-Atamani ye-Atamani yoPhando ilahlekile. Ababhali-mbali abaziinkcukacha zobomi bakhe - ukuba le ndoda inomfazi nabantwana, njengoko kugqityiwe khona amayeza. Ngokufanelekileyo, uIvan Yievich Moskvitin wasweleka ngo-1671, kodwa nakwiimeko ezinokufa zaziwa.