Biography
Ndikunye no-Eschil nase-Eurilid, uSofkl yintlekele yamaGrike, imisebenzi yalo igcinwe de kufike amathuba anamhlanje, i-PlayWid ibhala ngaphezulu kwe-120 yeziqwengana ezifikelelekayo kumfundi wale mihla. Kwiminyaka engama-50, wayethathwa njengeyona nto ibalaseleyo ye-Athene: Ilahlekile kwisiseko sama-6 esi-6 esingama-30 esingama-30, ngelixa singayi ngapha ngezantsi kwendawo yesibini. Ixabiso lobuchule bokuyila akwenzi kude kube lo mhla.Ikamva
USofokl wazalwa malunga ne-496 ukuya ku-n. NS. EColon, indawo yaseAthene, kwintsapho ekhuselekileyo yomenzi weyunifomu yasemoyeni. Utata uphuhlise kakhulu unyana wakhe, kodwa inkwenkwe eneziqhamo kakhulu inobudlelwane nobugcisa. Njengomntwana, uSofokl wafunda umculo, kwaye emva koloyiso lwamaGrike kumaPersi kwidabi lase-480 ukuya kuN. NS. Wayisebenzisa ikwayala yolutsha, egxotha iqhawe lamagorha.
I-biography yembongi iqhagamshelwe kungekuphela ngedrama, kodwa kunye nobomi bezopolitiko nezopolitiko. Ngokufanelekileyo, ngo-443-42 bc. NS. I-Sophokl yayiquka iKholeji yeCorethariyithi ye-Athene ye-Athene, kwaye nge-440 bc. NS. Unyuliwe ngobuchule bemfazwe ye-SAMOS. Xa lobudala lesiGrike, baba phakathi uhambo, oko kukuthi, abacebisi ababesiza Athens kwakhona emva ukungaphumeleli kwiphulo blood ngaphakathi imfazwe Peloponnesian.
Kumsebenzi womfanekiso kaMudretsov, u-Athena wabhala ukuba uSofli uvavanyelwe amadoda:
"Sofokl Abafana abathanda nje ukuba bathande abafazi ababathandayo."
Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqeqeshe okanye uqinisekise le nyaniso inomdla kubomi bobuqu obuqu, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba kukho into eqinisekileyo ukuba uSophokla wayenomfazi - i-nickeleton. Kula mantwana bobabini ngomtshato osemthethweni, mnye kuphela, iOfonte, azalwe. Unyana wesibini, uAriston, wazalwa evela kwiiheteri zaseFrida Sikion. I-AOFOOT ihamba emanyathelweni kayise, yaza yaba ngumdlalo wokudlala.
Ukuphila iminyaka engama-90, uSophokl wasweleka nge-406 ukuya ku-N. NS. Kukho iinguqulelo ezi-3 zentlekele. Ngokutsho kwembali i-Istr neNeanfu, uMdali odlalwayo ucule iidiliya. Ngokwamabali ombhali we-SATIRA, ngexesha lokufunda "i-Antigona" phambi koluntu, i-Sofokl ayibala indawo yokugcina imiphunga kwaye isuswe kwibinzana elide.
Inguqulelo yesithathu icinga ukuba unobangela wokufa yayilulo uloyiso olulandelayo kuKhuphiswano loLwazi-imbongi, yibani nemihlali, wasweleka kwisifo sentliziyo.
USofokla wangcwatyelwa yindlela, ekhokelele eAthens ukuya kwisixeko somthengisi. Kwilitye lengcwaba, kubhaliwe isicatshulwa:
"Kweli ngcwaba, kumanqindi ongcwele, ezifihla iintsalela zeqhayiya, ezithe zathabatha omkhulu kubugcisa obuzukileyo."Idrama kunye nethiyetha
U-Eschil wayengumzekelo we-Sofokla ukuba axelise, kodwa i-Clarched Playptwist (e-Eschyl iminyaka engama-29 ubudala) isebenzise iindlela zokuthandana ezisemncinci zomsebenzi. Umzekelo, i-soufokl yongezwe kwinqanaba lomlingisi wesithathu, ekunciphiseni indima yekwayara, ke ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala e-Eschyl. IsiGrike sitshintshe inani leekhodi-zivela kubantu abayi-15 ukuya kwabali-12, kwaye zange bangehli umbhali womdlalo phakathi kwezithethi (ikakhulu ngenxa yobuthathaka belizwi labo elizalini. Ngenxa yezi zinto ziyizinto ezintsha, i-ATAT Theatre ivuselelwa.
Umsebenzi wokuthambeka kwithuba leminyaka isasazeke ngaphaya kwemida yeAthene. Abalawuli bamanye amazwe bahlala bebuza ukuba bazenzele, kodwa ngokungafaniyo no-Echila, abafayo eSisilili, okanye e-Eurila, abatyelele eMacely, uSoflia, abatyelelayo isimemo. Wayekuthanda ukubhala abantu bamathanda abantu, kwaye, nabo, bakhuthaze uSonokla ngokuqhwanyaza kunye neevoti kukhuphiswano loncwadi.
Kwikhuphiswano kwiminyaka engama-30, i-playwward iphumelele kwiminyhadala ye-18 izukisa uThixo Dionsisus nakwiholide ezi-6 zikaLena. Uloyiso lokuqala lwenzeka ngo-469 BC. e. Xa i-sofokl, ehambisa i-thetillogie kubantu babantu (bengasinda), badlula e-Eschil.
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-Aristophane Byzantine, uSophokl wabhala i-123 imisebenzi, enama-7 eTrans.3, "uEntigona", "i-Elegoktttt", "Odip kwi-colon "," abalandeli ". Owona mdlalo udumileyo ngu "King Gaip" (429-426 bc), eyathi i-Aristotle "kwi" Zindopi "ezibizwa ngokuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yomsebenzi wobubi.
Embindini weyelenqe - Iedip, utata ka-Lai, owothusayo ziziprofetho eziya kuba ngumbulala wakhe kwaye zitshata umama wakhe kwi-Iakasta, wagqiba kwelokuba ahlukane nomntwana. Indoda eyayiphathiswe ukuba ibulale inkwenkwe yamiselwa ngaphezulu kwesidalwa esingenakukhusela kwaye yanika umalusi. Ke i-Edipa yamkele i-Tsar Polyb.
Ukuba sele kuqhekezelwe, unyana kaLaiayeli wafunda ngaloo profete, wayishiya indlu kayise, kodwa yafika inqwelo yokulwa endleleni. Kumlo, umfana wakhe wabulala indoda endala kunye namasatellite amathathu. Indoda endala yayinguLai. Ngapha koko, ukuba ngukumkani we-fiv, iOdipus yatshata ne-okasta, idibane nenxalenye yesibini yesiprofetho.
Isigulo esibuhlungu sawa esixekweni. Ukuzama ukujongana nezizathu zexhoba, abahlali baphendukela kwi-Oracle, kwaye uxela ukuba iyeza kukwindawo yokumkani wokumkani wokumkani. Ke i-Edipa ivula imfihlakalo eyoyikekayo yolwaphulo-mthetho olugqibeleleyo. Engakwazi ukujamelana nosizi, i-OKesta igqiba ubomi bokuzibulala, kunye ne-Edip, ecingisisa ukuba umntu ongakufayo, uyazithoba amehlo akhe.
Iqhekeza elithi "Tsar dip" wavula i-Fvan yomjikelo. EDionysia, le buqokelelo yathatha indawo yesibini ngokunika umsebenzi obhalwe ngumtshana kaEchil - iPhiloklet. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wePhilogram waseBritani uRichard Clavverhause Jobn wavuma ukuba uAristotle, ephawula ukuba umdlalo "ngendlela" ngayo ngumsebenzi wobugcisa wentlekele. " Emva kokuhlalutya umsebenzi, uSigmund Freud wavula "i-oedipus" -imdla wokutsala umntwana wesini kumzali wesini esahlukileyo.
Ukuqhubeka kwebali malunga ne-Tsar engaboniyo, i-sofokl yabhala "i-oedipal kwi-colon" (406 BC), eyakhuliswa emva kokufa kwembongi - kwi-401 BC. NS. Umsebenzi uxela indlela i-odip ekranyiweyo evela kwi-fiv nentombi ka-Antihogoy wandrice ejikeleze iGrisi ifuna ikhaya elitsha. Bayazifumana iindaba zokuba oonyana bezimfama, kunye ne-eteokl balungiselela ukuya kwelinye ngemfazwe ngetrone ye-fiv. Ngexesha lentlanganiso nenye yoonyana, iOfip qalekisa ukusukela ekufeni komnye nomnye. Umsebenzi uphela ngokufa kweemfama.
Intlungu yokugqibela yomjikelo weFvan yayingu "Antigson" (442-441 BC. E). E). E). E). E). Eyona ngxaki iphambili yomdlalo kukudibana kweMithetho yeLizwe kunye neMithetho yeMisebenzi. Abazalwana aba-antigogragy balwa kwaye bafa, ngokwesiqalekiso, besezandleni zabo. Ukumkani olawulayo uyakwalela ukungcwaba umzimba weNkosi, kwaye umshiye njengomngcatshi, obolile elangeni.
I-Antigono ivela kwintando yoMongami nokumntwana wemvelo othi, akuyenza iloyinze intombazana enqabeni. Engakwazi ukuthobela, i-Antigone igqibezela ubomi bokuzibulala, okukhokelela ekufeni ezimbini, intanda yakhe nonina, unyana kunye neqabane lokumkani, ngokulandelelana.
Eyona nto iphambili kwiziqwenga zeSophopla kukuba amaqhawe anemisebenzi: boyika kwaye boyikeke, banokuhendwa kwaye bangenzi isono. Ke, intlekele ye "Elecra" ixela le ntombazana kunye nomntakwabo, i-oreste abafuna ukuziphindezela kunina kunye nesithandwa sakhe ngenxa yokufa kukaBawo. Kwaye ukuba umThetho we-Orse uxelwe sisiprofeto sika-Apollo, i-eleclorra isebenza ngobizo lwentliziyo, likhokelwa ziimvakalelo ezinzulu.
Kwimisebenzi enkulu yesiGrike, ungenelelo lobuthixo lubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye umntu ukhululekile. Ukanti, kwinkolo, iSofkl ibona usindiso, imbongi iyaqonda ukuba abantu abanamda. Kwangelo xesha, ubuntu busweleke, ngokwentlonelo, ngenxa yekratshi lakhe. Kwi "Ajax" yatsho:
"Ukuba nobungangabo kukuba kungakuthukisi thixo ngeLizwi elingenamsebenzi, musa ukuyenza ingqumbo yabo iqhayise."Kufanelekile ukuba isigqibo sokuba loo ntliziyo ngumntu okholwayo, kwaye emva kokuba efile wayekholekile.
Iingxaki zeentlekele zesiGrike zafunyanwa yindlela efanelekileyo yoluntu lwanamhlanje, oko kwimisebenzi ye-Sookla ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iifilimu zosuku zisusiwe. Eyona nto ithandwayo yi "Antigone" - malunga namaqhosha angama-20 asuswe kumdlalo, kubandakanya nedrama yaseMelika yowe-1990 "i-Antigona: izithethe ze-janet ilberber kwindima ekhokelayo.
Iikowuti
Ilizwi elinye lisikhulula kulo lonke ulwandiso kunye nentlungu yobomi: Eli gama luthando. Ihlala igqibe kwelokuba i-chandele iphela.I-Bibliography
- I-450-435 BC - "Iitraki"
- I-450-40 BC NS. - "I-Ajax" ("EAN", "BIESCECESS")
- 442-441 BC - "Antigona"
- 429-426 BC NS. - "I-King i-Edip" ("Edip-Tirans")
- 415 BC - "I-Elecra"
- 404 BC - "pilooktttt"
- I-406 bc NS. - "I-Oedip e Colon"
- "I-PATEFFINEER"