Biography
I-Euripid (e-Eurypid) ngumdlalo omkhulu wamaGrike omkhulu, omncinci ongenamdla ka-Esflakla. Ibhayiloji yakhe iya kuba sisiphumo somatshini we-tyheli yanamhlanje: Ukungqubana kunye nokulwa nezinye iimbongi, 2 zaphukile ngenxa yengcambu, ukuhamba ukusuka ezweni kunye nokungaqondakali kwendlela yokufumana iyelenqe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ewe kunjalo kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-euripid, intwana igciniweyo, kwaye bahlala bephikisana. I-Aristophan yamaGrike i-Aristophan yabhala ukuba unina warhweba ngoconi kwimarike nakwimifuno, kodwa kwimithombo kamva iyaliwe. U-Euripid wawuvela kusapho olukhuselekileyo, kuba wafumana imfundo eguqukayo - ngokombhali waseRoma uAvla Gellia, wafunda kwintanda-bulumko yeprotagore kunye ne-anakokhagora.
Njengonyaka wokuzalwa kwakhe, emva koko imithombo yolwazi ingumhla we-23 kuSeptemba, 480 bc. NS. Ngomhla, umkhosi wamaGrike woyisa amaPersi kwimfazwe yolwandle eSailmine. Nangona kunjalo, obunye ubungqina obubhaliweyo buquka ukuba kukhankanye ukuba uClaito ukhulelwe xa uKumkani uBadexes wahlasela iYurophu, okwenzekileyo kwiinyanga ezintlanu kuloliwe uSalaminia.
Eyona nto inokwenzeka, imvamisa kwixesha elizayo yazalwa emva nge-23 kaSeptemba, emva koko abaSobulali bakhe bebhayilori "batsala" umhla 'wokubethwa "- emva koko ezo ndlela zokufumana umntu ngamnye zazisetyenziswa rhoqo.
Ifumene imithombo emibini ebonisa ulwazi olwahlukileyo malunga nexesha lokuzalwa kwe-Euripid: Ngokwencwadi ebhaliweyo kwiParos Marble, oku kwenzeke kwi-486 BC. e., kwaye ngokutsho kwezinye iziqinisekiso zabantu bexesha elide - ngo-481.
Njengomntwana, ubudlala kwixesha elizayo yayiyinto yemidlalo kwaye yenza inkqubela phambili kwi-Gymnastics, ukuphumelela ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabafana abangamakhwenkwe. Wayephupha ukuya kwimidlalo yeOlimpiki, kodwa akazange ayithathe ngenxa yokuba umntwana omncinci. Wayebandakanyekile e-Euripid kwaye watsalela, kodwa akazange aphumelele kule nto.
Idramatirgy
Ebutsheni bakhe, i-Euripid iyakuthanda ukufunda kwaye yaqala ukuqokelela iincwadi, yaza ekugqibeleni yaqala ukuzama imigudu ngokubhala imidlalo. Umsebenzi wakhe wetyala "uPeliad" uphuma nge-455 BC. Ewe, nango-441 wafumana umvuzo wokuqala. Kukholelwa ukuba uMdanisi we-plawerway ngumnini wethala lencwadi elibanzi, kodwa ayigcinwanga. Ziyi-17 kuphela zentlekele yakhe ezifikayo, nangona yabhalwa ubuncinci ingama-90. Kwimisebenzi yolunye uhlobo lwezinye iintlobo, i-drama "ikhitha" iKiklop "yasinda ngokupheleleyo.
Nangona abantu ababephila ngexesha ababembiza ngesithandi-sobulumko eqongeni, yonke inkqubo yefilosofi ye-Euripid yangakhi. Imbali yakhe yehlabathi iphuhliswe kwabeminye abantu, ngokuyintloko yeShophism. Kwinkolo ngokubanzi nakwiithixo ngokukodwa, waphathwa ngendeny, kwaye iintsomi kunye neenkolelo ezisetyenziselwa imvelaphi kuphela.
Oothixo kwimisebenzi ka-Euripid babonakala bengamarhanqwa nangeziphithiphithi (Oku kwabonakaliswa kwintlekele), kodwa akunakubizwa ngokuba ngumntu ongakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo, olawula umhlaba, waqaphela. Ngelo xesha, ezo mbono zazingasekuqaleni kwaye zaqhubela phambili, ke ababukeli abaphulaphuli, ke ababukeli abaphulaphuli, oo-Euripid bahlala bengafumani. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe, njenge "ippolit", yabangela isaqhwithi sokubhabha esidlangalaleni saza sabhengezwa kakubi.
Umsebenzi womdlali wemidlalo wahlulwe waba ziindidi ezi-2: Intlekele ngokwayo, apho izithixo zihlala zivela, kunye nedrama zezentlalo apho abantu abaqhelekileyo benza ntoni. Kwimisebenzi ye-Euripid, iziganeko zezopolitiko zelo xesha zazibonisiwe. Ubhale le ntlekele ngexesha leemfazwe ze-peloponess, awavakalisa ngazo uqhankqalazo olushushu. Umfanekiso weAthene othanda uxolo olwenziwe ngabo wagcinwa emsebenzini wakhe, owawubhekiswa kumdlalo we-oligarnac sparta.
U-Euripid uyaziwa ukuba owokuqala uqalisa ukusebenza ngemifanekiso yobuqhetseba eluntwini - oovimba abaphambi kokuba bawachaze amadoda. I-Medea, i-Ikukrele, i-Elecra, i-Andromeya namanye amagorha eentlekele zakhe zibalulekile, zigqityiwe, imifanekiso ephilayo. Umdlalo wokudlala wayenomdla onyanisekileyo kwimixholo yothando lwabasetyhini kunye nokuzinikela, inkohliso, ke iqhawe lakhe lihlala lingaphezulu kwamandla amaqhawe kunye neemvakalelo ezicacileyo zokuthanda kunye neemvakalelo ezicacileyo zokuthanda kunye neemvakalelo ezicacileyo zokuthanda kunye neemvakalelo ezicacileyo zokuthanda kunye neemvakalelo ezicacileyo.
Emsebenzini wakhe, wayedla ngokukhankanywa ngamakhoboka, ngelixa wayengabathanga ngamanani angenamphefumlo, kodwa abalinganiswa abanamava apheleleyo abanabalinganiswa abanzima. Njengobunye kunye nokugqitywa kwesenzo, le mfuneko yanelisekile ngumsebenzi ombalwa kuphela. Amandla e-Euripid kusekhohlani kunye nengqondo yengqondo kunye nengqondo yezinto ezizezemvelo, kodwa kwiziphelo ezibonakalayo ayomelelanga.
Ngokutsho kolunye ulwazi, ngokwakhe wabhala umculo kwintlekele yakhe. Isigqibo esinjalo senziwa ngokufumana iikowuti ezivela kwi "Ores" kwiPapyrus yakudala, apho iimpawu zomculo ogciniweyo zibonakala ngokucacileyo. Ukuba le yinto eneneni ye-Euripid, emva koko ivela phambi kwenzala eyahluke ngokupheleleyo - umqambi-ubuchule, inkosi enobuchule.
Ngo-408 bc NS. I-Euriphide yasekhohlo iAthens yaza yahlala eMakedoni. Izizathu zesigqibo sakhe sokushiya esi sixeko azisaziwa: Mhlawumbi imbongi yenzakeleyo nenobuthathaka yayingakhathalelwanga ngabantu belizwe laKhe, bengawuxabisanga i-95 yemidlalo yakhe ngexesha lobomi bombhali, kuphela 4).
Ubomi Buqu
Ngasese, i-playfipt yayingabi nethamsanqa. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala watshata nebhinqa eligama linguHloirin, owazala abantwana abathathu, kodwa umtshato wapheliswa ngenxa yokungathembeki kwakhe. Emva koko, ukudalwa kwe-Euripple bhala "umdlalo we-ippolite", apho ubudlelwane bothando babugculwa. Ngomfazi wesibini, uMelitha, ibali laphinde laphinda lakhathazeka, emva koko umdlalo wakhubeka ngokupheleleyo yintsapho yabafazi kwaye wahamba wahamba wahamba wahamba wahamba ngeengxabano zakhe.
UPlSutyorki wakhankanya inkanuko yomdlalo wokudlalela koonyana, ngokukodwa ngenoveli yakhe nge-crater, ongumthandi waseMakedoni uArcheli.
Ngokutsho kweenkcazo zakudala, i-Euripide ithandeka kwaye ilolo kwaye ayinakukwazi ukuthwala isihlwele sesihlwele. EkwaSalmina, wayehlala echitha imihla yonke ngokuhlala yedwa eGrotto, encoma ulwandle kwaye ebonakalisa kwi-piks yenkqubo yemisebenzi emitsha.
Ukufa
Iminyaka yokugqibela yendlela yokuphila yendlela yokudlala kunye novavanyo lwayo kukwakwimibala eSheaven. Ngokwenye ingxelo, wasweleka nge-406 bc. Ngenxa yokulimaza kweembambo, iimbongi ze-Illya kunye ne-Kranga: Babuva i-lishaha, ababephuma kwiRoyal Hessand Huipid. Eminye imithombo ephikisana nokuba unobangela wokufa komdlalo wawungeyiyo inja, kodwa abafazi abambulala ngexesha lokungqubana, kodwa le nguqulelo ifana ne-rade, kuba isiqendu esifanayo siyakhankanywa kwiMidlalo "Vakhanki".
Ababhali-mbali banamhlanje baxhomekeke kwinguqulelo elula- inokwenzeka, i-Euripid, esele behlala kwi-thottle, abakwazanga ukumelana ne-harsh macedonia kwaye wabulawa kukugula. Ama-Athene, owayesakuba ngumdlalo weqonga, enikelwe ukuba athathe umzimba we-Euripid emingcwabeni, kodwa ngoku-odola uArcheli wayengcwatyelwe kwikomkhulu leMakedoni - Pelle.
Xa uSokli wafumanisayo ekufeni kwakhe, waxelela abadlali bakhe, baxelele abadlali bentlungu ukuba badlale omnye umdlalo ngeentloko ezingatyhilekanga. Ngokwembali, kwakamsinya nje emva komngcwabo wengcwaba lase-Euripid, umbane wabetha-yayingumqondiso wobukhulu bobuThixo, owawusungulwa nguLikg.
I-Bibliography
- 438 BC E., - "Arkest"
- I-431 BC NS. - "I-Medea"
- I-430 BC NS. - "Geraklida"
- I-428 BC NS. - "Ippolit"
- I-425 BC NS. - "Androm"
- I-424 BC. NS. - "gok"
- I-423 BC NS. "" ISUSS "
- 413 BC NS. - "I-Elecra"
- 416 BC NS. - "hercules"
- 415 BC NS. - "iTroyonki"
- 414 BC NS. - "I-Ipigments eTavrid"
- 414 BC NS. - "Kwaye"