Biography
I-horace (i-quinte horace flycc) yimbongi yakudala yaseRoma ye "IGolden Age" yoncwadi lwakudala ngeli xesha leBhodi lika-Octavisius, owona msebenzi wawuphinda wobuqhetseba nobukhoboka benkundla. I-Peru yelitye lesikhumbuzo ye-ODA ", ifakwe kwi-Transfers kunye neenguqulelo zababhali abakhulu baseRussia. Umbhali we-autobiografi yokuqala yehlabathi, kwimibhalo yakhe, eyabhalwa nguThixo, isimilo sakhe, imikhwa yakhe kunye nendlela yokuphila.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Horace Flakk yazalwa ngoDisemba 8, 65 BC. NS. Kwisixeko sase-Italiyane se-venose, elele kwindlela yokurhweba phakathi kwe-APulia naseLukania. Indawo apho imbongi yexesha elizayo yayihlala khona ngabafuduki ababethetha ngolwimi lweengoma ezahlukeneyo, ezazinegalelo kuphuhliso lolwimi oluvela kwi-horace.
Utata amazwi achithe inxenye yobomi ebukhobokeni, wayeyindoda enokubakho eyamvumela ukuba afumane inkululeko kwaye amisele izinto kunye nobomi bentsapho. Malunga neHorace kaMama awaziwa, kodwa kwimibhalo yakhe kukho ukukhankanywa kwe-Nyan Buil. Umzali uchithe imali encinci ngokusekwa koNyana, wafudukela eRoma ukuba alandele impumelelo yesikolo kunye nokuziphatha okuhle kwengoma yexesha elizayo.
Ngokufanelekileyo, emva kokusweleka kukatata, ekufeni kukaBawo, iHorace yaseRoma yaza yaqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eAthene, apho ngelo xesha yayiyingcali esekwe nguPlato. Lo mfana wangena kumfundi uElite, wakwazi ukuqhelana nonyana we-cicero, engena kwizithethe zoncwadi lwamaGrike angamaGrike kunye nentanda-bulumko.
Emva kokubulawa, uJulia Caesar eAthene wafika i-brick brick. Ukukhangela kwabaxhasi beshishini leRiphabhlikhi, watyelela izifundo kwiZiko leMfundo ePlatonic kunye nabafundi abaqeshiweyo. I-horace phakathi kwabanye abantu abaselula bangena kwinkonzo kumagosa ombushwa, izithuba ezazingabakhweli abakhweli okanye oosenatoli bahlala.
Emva kolondolozo lomkhosi otyhafileyo kwidabi likaFilipu kwi-42 ukuya ku-N. NS. Imbongi yexesha elizayo, kunye namanye amajoni kunye namagosa bashiya isikhundla secandelo. Wahlaziya iimbono zakhe zezopolitiko waza wamkela uxolelo lwakuqala, elicetywayo ngabaxhasi bakaMzalwan 'uKtavian.
Ukubuyela e-Itali, umnyango wafumanisa ukuba ipropathi kaBawo waseVenuia yahluthwa ngokuthanda amagqala eKesare. Le ndoda yaziswa kwintlupheko kwaye yabhenela kwimibongo, enokunika amathemba kwikamva ngokwazi kunye nababhali kunye nabaxhasi babo abatyebileyo. Ungenelele kwisithuba sombhali kwimibuzo kwi-doloteryey kwaye wabandakanyeka kwi-39-38 BC. NS.
Imibongo
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lobuchule bokuyila, i-horace ibandakanya "i-epode" kunye "neSatire" ebhalwe ngesiLatin. Umbongo wengqokelela yokuqala, indlela eyabolekwa kwi-Satirik yamandulo ye-satirik ye-Greek ye-Greek, yeyombongo ye-mambic, yahlulwe sisigama esikhubekisayo kunye nokugoba kwezentlalo yabemi.
"I-Satiy" yabhalwa ngohlobo olukhethekileyo lwencoko yasimahla yoncwadi lwesiLatin. Iingcinga zentanda-bulumko ebhalwe yi-Hexameter zacaciswa kwinkqubo yokuncokola nabaphulaphuli kwaye zahamba kunye namahlaya, imizekelo ephilayo. Ngokungafaniyo nomenzi wabo, uLuccia Horace wabhala imisebenzi ye-zatirical ngolwimi oluthethwayo lommi ofundisiweyo. Ukutyeshela izihloko zezopolitiko ezibukhali, umbhali, ugxininisa ezakhe iingxaki zentlalontle nezokuziphatha zeRoma yamandulo kunye nabemi balo.
Emva kokukhutshwa kwengqokelela yokuqala kwiminyaka engama-39-38 ye-BC. NS. I-horacie abanomdla kwi-octavian. Umbutho ophezulu waseRoma wembongi omncinci wazisa i-Vibgil ngomhlobo wakho womlawuli, iMetze!
I-horace yasondela kumxhasi wakhe kunye ne-37 bc. NS. Ehamba naye kuhambo lwaseBrindisi, oluchazwe kwimisebenzi yelungu lembongi njengothotho lweziganeko ezimnandi kunye neentlanganiso ezintle endleleni. Ngapha koko, uhambo lwalungumlingisi wezopolitiko ongumbhali oselula ofihliweyo ngobuchule kumfundi. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, i-horace yayikunye nolwandle lwe-pilanthropiation orcaviana, kunye nasemfazwe kwinkqubo yemali, egqibe ixesha lemihlaba yaseRoma nge-2 kaSeptemba 2, 31 ukuya kwi-23 ukuya kwi-23 ukuya kwi-N. NS.
Emva kokupapashwa kwencwadi yokuqala "i-satir" phakathi kwe-30s ukuya ku-N. NS. Imbongi ifunyenwe kubaphangi bayo iSabinsk Villa, eyayingekakude kwiSixeko sase-Italiyane sika-Italiya. Ukongeza kwilifa, umnyuko wafumana ingeniso evela kubaqeshisi aba-5, eyamvumela ukuba agqibe umsebenzi wakhe kwiNdyebo yeNdyebo kwaye azinikele ngokupheleleyo kubuchule.
Inqanaba elilandelayo lebhayiloji yokuyila, i-horace yaba "ngokungaqhelekanga", ezazibizwa ngokuba "iingoma". Imbongi ilungelelanisa iifom zazo kunye nezihloko ezivela kumazwi angamaGrike we-vii - kwiinkulungwane ze-NI. NS. I-Odds yaphuhliswa njengokuxeliswa okuqinisekileyo kwemibongo emifutshane ye-lricricy ye-Greek ye-Greek-pindi, i-SAPPO kunye ne-ALKEY. UGenius Horace wazibonakalisa ekusebenziseni iindlela zakudala kwinyani yale mihla.
"Odd" ubonakalise ukusondela kulawulo kunye nobuntununtunu kwiimbono zayo eziphuhlayo. Izicatshulwa zichaphazele imicimbi yoluntu, ungalibali ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kobomi babucala. Bagubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezihloko: Uthando, ubuhlobo, iwayini, inkolo, isimilo, ubuntu.
Kwicala le-horace encomekayo i-octavian kwi-hyperboles, eziphindaphindeka iindlela ezibonisa ukuba zezokubekwa kweNkundla yamaGrike. Kwithuba le-27-24 BC. NS. Ulwabiwo lwezopolitiko kwimisebenzi yembongi lwagxilwa kwiimfazwe zangaphandle e-UK, iArabia, eSpain naseParfia. I-horace yamkelekile ngo-Agasti ukuba ibuyele eRoma kwi-24 bc. NS. Njengomlawuli owuthandayo, impilo yakhe elungileyo ixhomekeke kulonwabo.
"Odd" yembongi akazange afuneke kuluntu ngexesha lobomi bombhali. Nangona kunjalo, kumbongo wokugqibela wencwadi yesi-3 "i-Exegi Mundumes Aber Aber Perennius" ("ilitye lesikhumbuzo" okanye "ukuya kwi-Melllennius"), uHellennius "), uHorace waxela i-rome yobokuqala nenkulu yeRoma. Lo msebenzi uwabona uMdali waza waphefumlela izithuthi ezininzi zaseRussia. Ilizwe liphela laziwa ngotshintsho kunye nokudluliselwa kweHorace ye-30 ye-OD, eyenziwe nguMikhail Lomononosov, Gabriel Derzhavin, Amanasius Derzhavin, Amanasius Detom.
Kwiminyaka engama-21 ukuya kwengama-20 ngaphambili NS. Imbongi ipholile ukuba nohlobo kwaye yabhala incwadi ethi "Imiyalezo" ebhekiswe kubahlobo kunye nabantu obaziyo. Isitayile esithobekileyo semibongo yale qokelelo ibonise imeko entsha yentlalo yembongi eveliswe kwi-knights. Umbhali wathi wayenomdla ngakumbi kwifilosofi yokuziphatha kunencwadi. Nangona kunjalo, utyekelo ngetoticism aluzange lubonakalise iingcinga malunga nokuziphatha.
Ngelixa ubhala incwadi ethi "Imiyalezo" yeHorace, ibonisa eyabo inkululeko, isuse kumandla eli lizwe. Wazigatya izimemo zomxhasi kumxhasi. Isihloko sengqokelela ye-2nd yembongi yaphakanyiswa yi-Emperor Agasti. Wayalela umyalezo kwiindinyana ezibhekiswe kuye. Umlawuli waphakamisa imbongi yonobhala wakho, kodwa i-horace yaligatya lo mbono, ivuma ukubhala ileta yoncwadi.
"Isincoko sika-Agasti" sapapashwa kwi-11 BC. NS. Ibiyelwe kwithiyori yoncwadi kunye nokugxeka, kwakukhathazeka ukubuyela emkhosini kumlawuli uTibheriyo, naseDrza. Inkcazo yabo eneenkcukacha zembongi ezinikezelwe kwi-Odu ebizwa ngokuba "yi-Jubilee Hymn", yabhalelwa iMidlalo yeNgingqi kwitempile yase-Apollo yazaliswa yindoda evela kumadoda namantombazana kwi-17 BC. NS.
Ubomi Buqu
UHorace wayethanda isizungu, ebengenamfazi okanye wabantwana. Wayezingqongile nababingeleli bothando - amagqabi. Indoda enike imibongo emininzi ihlelo lentanda yakhe, eyayikhetha intle kwimbongi. Abantu ababebudlweni babekholelwa ukuba oku akumangalisi, bachaza le mifanekiso: "Ukukhula okuphantsi, obethelelwe, bald".
Imisia yakhe yayinguThricca Chie, "inobuchule ekuculeni kwaye ibhinqe i-rina, i-bina enomtsalane, eyahlula-tyhafiswa, kulo imbongi yayibizwa ngokuba luthando lokugqibela.
I-carnal tuduham horace ingena kwi-sabinsky eluhlaza. Ngokwee-biguagraphe, iindonga zamagumbi akhe zifakwe kwizibuko kunye neefoto ezibuthathaka, ukuze imbongi ingayibona i-EROTICA kuyo yonke indawo, ehlala kwindawo yokugqibela ebomini bakhe. Ngeentlanganiso ezisemthethweni kunye nokwamkelwa kweendwendwe ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu, umbhali wafumana indawo yesi-2 kwindawo etyebileyo yeRoma.
Ukufa
UHorace wasweleka nge-27 kaNovemba iminyaka ye-BC. NS. Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba ife, imbongi yomnye imibongo ixelwe kwangaphambili ukuba wayengayi kusinda kubahlobo bakhe kunye nomxhasi we-tenter womxhaphazi womxhaphazi. Imozulu yazaliseka.
Olona ncedo lokufa kwamagama alifakwanga. Kuyaziwa ukuba kungekudala ngaphambi komhla wokuzalwa kukaYe ukuze afumane isigulo ngequbuliso. Ngokwentando yakhe, impahla yakhe yaba yipropathi yomlawuli wase-Augustus, eyathi yacokisela inkumbulo yembongi, iyalelwa ukuba ifunde indalo yakhe ezikolweni nakwizifundo.
I-horace yangcwatyelwa eRoma kwinduli e-Esquilin, hayi kude nengcwaba lom patron.
Iikowuti
Bonke ubusuku bonke balindele konke ebusuku, wonke umntu uya kuze angenelele kwindlela yokufa. Ukuba awubaleki, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, xa ufihliwe phantsi komhlaba, ixesha eliya kuthi xelela xa imini leyo. Ihlala ivumela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwaye yomelele kunentetho echanekileyo.I-Bibliography
- I-35 BC - "I-sermom liber pris, satira i"
- I-30 BC - "I-epode, i-epode"
- I-30 BC -Intshumayelo i-liber ye-IIundis, Satire II
- I-23 BC I-Darmipum Liber puris, oda i "
- I-23 BC - "I-Carminam Liber yeGuundu, Ody II"
- I-23 BC - "I-Carminam Liber Tertius, Odes III"
- I-20 BC -Upirtum pris ris, imiyalezo i "
- I-24 okanye i-10 g. BC. - "Ars poetica, umyalezo kwiipisi"
- G. Bc. - "UCarmen Saiculare, I-Hymn yenkulungwane yenkulungwane
- I-14 G. BC. - "i-pistarum liber yesethi, imiyalezo II"
- G. B. BC. - "I-Carminam Liber Kiber ye-quartus, oda iv"