Biography
Umlawuli ongcwele uKonstantin endawusele embalini njengomkhuseli omkhulu kunye nokholo olunomona olunomona. Icawe yabela umxholo wokulingana naye, ngaphandle kokuba kwinyani yokuba kwi-biography yomlawuli bekukho iziqendu ezininzi ezingathandekiyo, kuquka ukubulawa komfazi wakhe nonyana wakhe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umlawuli wexesha elizayo waseRoma wazalelwa eNais - isixeko esikwi-mesia ephezulu (namhlanje nguSerbia kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-NIS). Igama lakhe elipheleleyo livakala njengokuFlavius Aurery Aure Tonstantin; Wayengunyana kaKesare (umlawuli omncinci) usomeleza i-chlorine, kodwa hayi kumfazi wakhe waseburhulumenteni uFeooorara, kunye nokhuphiswano luka-Elena (cohageagent).
Owona mnyaka wokuzalwa akafakwanga, ngokolwazi ngemithombo yolwazi, inokuthathwa ukuba yayiyi-272nd. Emva kwexesha, istayile yayikufuneka isasaze i-Elena kunye nezizathu zezopolitiko zokutshata iPadherce maxililian. Ngenxa yomtshato olandelayo, uKonstantin wabonakala abantakwabo abathathu kunye noodade abathathu.
Imfazwe
UKonstantin omncinci wangena kwinkonzo emkhosini eNomedia kwaye wathatha inxaxheba kwimikhankaso yase-Egypt nePersi. Ngo-305 utata wakhe, owathi waba ngumlawuli kwinxalenye yelizwe, ebizwa ngokuba nguNyana wakhe ukuze amncede kwimfazwe yaseBritane yokulwa. Xa emva konyaka wokuza wasweleka, imikhosi yayamkeleka kwangoko i-Konstantin yindlalifa esemthethweni, kodwa ngokusemthethweni wafumana inqanaba likaKesare.
Okwalo mzuzu, abantu abayi-6 babanjwa kwisihloko sesigwebo esiphambili sobukumkani, esabangela ukuba abantu baseTerub kwezopolitiko. Ngo-307, uKonstantin wakhusela amalungelo etroneni, etshata i-guust, intombi yomntu ochasayo omkhulu. Oko kamva wenza inzame yokufumana amandla okungekho semthethweni, emva koko kwanyanzeleka ukuba uzibulale. I-vivels eseleyo uKonstantin ikwasuswe ngoncedo lwesixhobo sefowuni yentshabalalo kunye nezinye izinto zezopolitiko.
Ipolitiki nenkolo
Ngo-312, uKonstantin wafudukela kwidolophu yaseRoma kufutshane nebhulorho yaseMulseya, apho, ngokutsho kweLwesiya, wabona umqondiso wokufika kwakhe - umnqamlezo wemililo ezulwini. Ngokutsho kolunye uhlobo, umlawuli wabona iphupha lesiprofetho, apho wayalelwa ukuba abeke i-nunogram evela kwiileta zokuqala zegama likaKristu kwizikhakisi zamagorha. Enye indlela okanye enye, idabi laliphumelele, kwaye emva koloyiso kwisibhengezo semperial - iLabharum - imifanekiso efanayo ivele.
Emva koko, uKonstantin kwi-milan edition wanika abemi bonqulo. UbuKristu babufumana imeko "yonqulo oluvumelekileyo", ubume boMlawuli bavumelwa yintshutshiso yabalandeli bakaKristu kwaye bazama ukuyisusa ipropathi ecaweni.
Emva kwexesha, uKonstantin wayenengxabano nesalamane sakhe kunye noLukium, owamnceda kulawulo lukarhulumente. Oko, okwethutyana ukudlala indima yerhuluneli kwimpuma yelizwe, ukuvukela, ukubhengeza intshutshiso yamaKristu kwintsimi yakhe. UKonstantin waqhekeza iLicinia kwiimfazwe ezi-2 kwaye wamsusa emandleni, ukuba ephethe umphathi woBukhosi baseRoma.
Yayingulawulo lwakhe kangangokuba waqalisa ukusasazeka kobuKristu eYurophu. UKonstantin ubeke umama wakhe uElena, kwaye noTata basebenzisana namaKristu, ebajonga ngabo ngababemi abanobuchule nabathembekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, umlawuli wathanda ubunzima kunye nokunyaniseka kwabameli beli nkolo kwiimfundiso zabo, ngokukodwa eqwalasele indlela ukohlwaywa emva koko intshutshiso yazo ijikile.
Ukufika komlawuli kubuKristu ngokuthe ngcembe kwasekuthethiwe ngokuthe ngcembe - ke, wawubhiyozela uloyiso lokuqala lwabaphikisi kwitempile ka-Apollo, ezalisa amadini amaninzi. Uvelwano ngolunye ukholo lwaqala ukuvela eConstantine emva koloyiso lomkhosi. I-Aristocratity ephezulu yomlawuli ayivunyelwanga. ERoma, amandla eenkolelo zabahedeni ayenamandla kangangokuba ukuphela kwefuthe kwisigqibo sokuba umlawuli ahlutha isixeko senqanaba lemali enkulu.
Ubhaptizo lukaConstastasti lwathatha kuphela ekupheleni kobomi, kodwa kwiindlela zonke zakhuthaza abameli beCawe yamaKristu kwaye basebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko lwabo. Uphazamisane nenkuthalo kwimiba yolawulo yecawa: ngo-325, kwiBhunga leQela lokuqala, wathatha inxaxheba kwisigqibo sokungavisisani ngeemfundiso zabaseSains kwaye emva koko waphakama ezintlanganisweni. Emva kwenye iminyaka emi-5, umlawuli wabandezeleka kwikomkhulu eConstantinople, kamva waba lokomoya nezopolitiko kubukhosi baseByzantine.
Ubomi Buqu
Ingcaciso yobuqhetseba kuphela igcinwe ngobomi bomlawuli. Kuyakhankanywa ukuba umama kanina waseMinervin wazala uMathrona Minervin, kodwa nokuba unemigangatho yeqabane laseburhulumenteni okanye umntu ngokuqinisekileyo akaziwa. Wayengengomfazi wokuqala ebomini bakhe, kodwa yayishiywe ngabanduleli kumaxwebhu.
Ngo-307, uKonstantin otshatileyo e-Flavia Maxim Gaust, intombi kaMaximilian. Yayingumtshato onobuqhophololo wokuqinisa impembelelo yezopolitiko, kodwa umlawuli wayehlonela iqabane lakhe elifundisiweyo kwaye elinamandla elamnika abantwana abathandathu (oonyana abathathu kunye neentombi ezintathu). I-guist yayibandakanyekile ekubhukweni kotata wakhe kwaye yaba yinto entle yentlekele, eyayityumza iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bomlawuli waseRoma odumileyo.
Ngo-326, uKonstantin wayalela ukuphunyezwa konyana wakhe uFlavia Julia rispia kunye nomtshana welayisensi. Izizathu zesisombululo zibizwa zahlukile, olona hlobo luphakathi lwe-krisp lwabulawa yi-Navalta Gaust, owamtyhola ngomzamo wokudlwengulwa. Isityholo sasibubuxoki - wasusa indlalifa ephambili yokucoca indlela eya etroneni yoonyana bakhe.
Iintsomi ezinomsindo ezigqityiweyo zihlawulwe ubuncwane bakhe - kwinyanga konstantin yazisa inkohliso kwaye yayalela ukuba ayitshixe ebhafini, apho wayenesithukuthezi (umyeni onomsindo wawa emanzini ashushu). Ukuze ibulale umfazi wayo balandela ubundlobongela babahlobo baka-Emperor, ababezibala ngokubandakanyeka kwityala. Emva koko, wangcatsela igama le-fauls kwisiqalekiso senkumbulo (egalela nayiphi na into ephindaphindwe kuyo), kwaye indlalifa yakhe ishiye le myalelo.
Ngokwembali, kukuhlukunyela ngokuziphatha emva kokusweleka kwabantu ababathandayo kukhokelelwa koonstantin kubuKristu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwababhali-mbali banamhlanje bayayilahla le nguqulo: Kukho izibakala ezibonisa ukuba ngeli xesha lokufa komfazi wakhe nonyana wakhe, uvumile lo ukholo kwiminyaka eli-10 nobhaptizo lwalusisisombululo eside.
Ukufa
Ngowama-336, umlawuli wayefune ukugula kwaye, esoyika ukufa ngequbuliso, waqala ukubeka ishishini lakhe ngolungelelwano. Wayeyigqiba imfazwe ngokuchasene nezizwe ze-Gothic nakwi-ertimatian kwaye wayalela ukuba emva kokuba uBukumkani bahlulwe phakathi koonyana abathathu: i-Itali, i-Italiya, i-Itali, i-Konstantin II - e-Spain kunye ne-geran.
Ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo, umlawuli waya kunyango. Waqala ngokuhlamba eNikomedy, emva koko waya kwimithombo eshushu kaDrepan kwaye watyelela igumbi lokuhlambela uElenaopolis, kodwa akazange abe ngcono. Iinyanga zokugqibela zobomi be-Konstantin echithwe kwiVila yase-Ankeron. Ukuziva usondela kwindlela yokufa, eyalelwa ukuba iyothutha eNicomedia kwaye kwabhaptizelwa i-app ye-PART.
Iphupha loMlawuli yayikukuphuphuma emanzini eYordan, kodwa akasakwazi ukufikelela apho. Luhlobo olunjani lokugula yayingunobangela wokufa, ayaziwa, kodwa ukukhankanya kugcinwe ukuba waphinda wangena kwikhondo lobuKristu, kwaye umbhexe wabhaptiza wabanjwa nguSylvestter kaBawo.
Inkxaso eninzi yesayensi, inkolo kunye nobugcisa ibhaliwe ngobomi boMlawuli kunye negalelo lakhe ekusasazeni ukholo, iifilimu ezininzi zidutyulwe. Eyona filimu idumileyo yase-Itali yase-Itali yase-Itali yase-Itali yase-Itali yase-Itali yase-Iolylo de Felice "I-Konstantin ikhulu", ikhutshwe kwizikrini ngo-1961.