Biography
Intatheli, i-Satirik kunye ne-nikolai noNikolai Anvikov ingenele ibali kuphela elingumanqaku amaninzi, kodwa njengomnye wamabanjwa okuqala kwezopolitiko. Ukubanjwa kwakhe kwenzeka ngexesha le-heyday yetalente kunye nomsebenzi wokupapasha. Emva kokushiya intolongo ye-Novikov, bekungenakwenzeka ukuba uqhubeke nomsebenzi, nokuba wayekwazi ukubhala, kwanele ukuba sonke isizukulwana sayo sibulela kuye.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UNikolai Ivanovich uNovikov wazalelwa kwiPhondo laseMoscow, kwi-tikvinsky-avdotino, ngo-Epreli 27 (Meyi 8) ye-1744. Wayevela kwintsapho enesidima, utata wakhe wayeligosa le-HART. Ukufunda nokubhala kwenkwenkwe kwafundisa i-Debk yelali, kamva uNicholas wanikwa iMetropolium Gystnasium. Lo mfana wafunda apho iminyaka emi-5 kwaye akafakwanga ngenxa yobuvila kunye nokungahambi isikolo.
Ukubuyela kwabo kubazali kwaye waphila nabo iminyaka emi-2, waya kwinkonzo ye-Izmalovsky, eyathi yazalelwa ekuzalweni. Umsebenzi womkhosi waphumelela, uNovikov weveliswa ngamagosa angathethekiyo, kodwa yena ngokwakhe waqonda ukuba umphefumlo wakhe awunguye emkhosini, kodwa kwiSayensi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neShishini kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neShishini kunye neShishini kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neShishini kunye neShishini kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neShishini kunye neShishini kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi kunye neNzululwazi zeShishini. Ngeli xesha, iimvavanyo zakhe zokuqala zokuqala zenye. UNikolai ukhuphe amabali ama-2, ngokuzimeleyo eguqulela ukusuka ngesiFrentshi, kwaye uSonnet.
Ngo-1767, uNovikova wayalela umsebenzi kwiKhomishini, eyenza ikhowudi ehlaziyiweyo "yeKhowudi entsha". Wayephakathi kwabantu abancinci ababekufuneka bakhokele imizuzu yeentlanganiso. Yayiyinto ebaluleke kakhulu phantsi kolawulo lobuqu lweCatherine II, kwaye ukubandakanywa kwiKhomishini kwamkelwa "iqabane elikhethekileyo elinobuchule."
Apho, uNikolai Ivanovich wakwazi ukuphonononga kakhulu iingxaki zobomi banamhlanje baseRussia, obeke iziseko zombono wakhe. Ummeli waphawula intshayelelo enobuncinci enobuncinci, kwathi emva kokuguqulela ukusuka kwi-Izmalovsky Redument I-Muromsky Novikov yahlala isebenza kwiKhomishini.
Ubuntatheli kunye nokupapashwa
Kule msebenzi wagxothwa ngo-1769. Ukuqulunqwa 'kwenkonzo "kugqityiwe, kwaye uNikolai Ivanovich wafudukela emsebenzini ngumguquleli kwi-cleggium. NgoMeyi wonyaka omnye, iMagazini edumileyo "cone" iqala ukupapashwa.
Kwisiseko sakhe, uNovikov ofumana imvume kubuGcisa, wakhokelela okwakhe, engahambelani neminqweno yesigqibo esiphezulu. I-Catherine II icebisa abapapashi bephephancwadi abanje uku 'kuveza izinto ezimbi, kodwa hayi abantu "(eyayikufuphi neHurire, ngaphandle kweSatire), kodwa uNovikov Dare ukuphuthuzela ukugxeka kukaFrank. I "Drone" Epigraph yaba ngumgca othathwe kwi-basni Sumarokov:
"Basebenza, kwaye ungumsebenzi wabo."Ibinzana lacela ithowuni kuzo zonke iimpapasho kwincwadi ethi papasho, yayikukuqhuma okuvulekileyo kwezi-odolo ezibonisa ubungangamsha. UNovikov wadala igalari yonke yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo - ukubawa, inkathalo yabemi be-Coarse ye-Coardes eSaziwayo ne-Edonlyllyllylyly, izwi labantu ebusweni bePravdddy. Nabani na ofunda "iTrouten" unokuqiniseka ukuba akukho okusesikweni kuBukhosi baseRussia, okanye ngolungelelwano.
I-Nikolai Ivanovich ihlawule ingqalelo eyodwa kwimbono yokugcina inkcubeko yesizwe yaseRussia, intetho kabukhali ngokuchasene "nozilo" kwaye zihlekisa amasiko amaFrentshi kunye namasiko amaJamani. Kwangelo xesha, ekujoliswe kuko nto iphambili yayinguSerfdom: Ngoncedo lwamanani kunye nezibakala, wapeyinta umfanekiso ongafanelekanga kunye nobomi, ukungavisisani.
I-Ekaterina II, Ewe, izamile ukuthintela ukuziphindezela ngokukhawuleza. Ayikwazi ukuya kwisiqingatha senjongo yokuhamba naye kwi-footing elingalinganayo, wasebenzisana nabasemagunyeni kunye nomyalelo okhethekileyo kwi-1770 evale eli phephancwadi. Khangemisa uNovikov, kodwa wanyanzela ukuba alumkele. Waba ngumhleli weemagazini ezininzi ezininzi. "Esokola", "I-Wallet" yahlala ijonge umlinganiswa, kodwa ithoni yeempapasho zathathelwa indawo yingqondi ngakumbi.
"Ililine" ngokukhawuleza "ye-drone", kodwa "umbuhlungu" kunye nabalandeli bakhe bakwazi ukubamba ixesha elide. Kwinguqulelo entsha yeNovekov, abanini beendawo beziqhwaba, kodwa bengazange baye kwizibongozo zotshintsho. Kuya kuba ngokuchanekileyo ukubiza isikhundla sakhe sezopolitiko ngokukhululeka.
Umsebenzi wokusebenza ngokuqalisa waba sisiqalo sexesha elahlukileyo kwintatheli yaseRussia. Yayili-satire entsha ye-satire, igcwaliswe ngeendlela ezintsha zokwenyani, zinesibindi kwaye zingavumi. Ukusuka kwizikimu zakudala, kwahlulwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlobo kunye nobukho bamanqaku aphilayo aphilayo.
Ngo-1774, uNikolai Ivanovich uyarhoxa kwaye wazinikela kumsebenzi woncwadi. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, waba ngumsunguli wephephabhuku "ukukhanya kwasasa", wabeka ukhokelo lwentatheli yobuhlobo befilosofi eRussia. Ngokuthe ngcembe, umshicileli wemka kwi-satire waguqukela kwimfundo, etshintsha ithoni echongiweyo yokukrelekrele ngokuziphatha.
Ngo-1779, uNovikov wafudukela eMoscow waza wapapasha "uMoscow VeDomi", iphephandaba lalenza iisampulu zaseYurophu, ezihlanganisiweyo zolwazi lweendaba ezidibeneyo. Endaweni yokuba "ukukhanya kwasekuseni", imagazini i-MOSCOW Modd Rody "I-MOSCOW Mody Rod" yaqala ukupapashwa, kwaye ivenimoyona ifumana isicelo kumanqaku akhethiweyo. Emva kwexesha, uNikolai Ivanovich waqalisa ukuvelisa iijenali ezizodwa "zokufunda kwabantwana", "ivenkile yabantwana", "iVenkile yePhondo" yendlu yangasese ", kuyo yonke indawo iqhuba inkqubo yakhe yemfundo.
Masonry
Emva kokufudukela kwikomkhulu, abahlobo bakaNikolai Ivanovich bayamazisa kuye, kamva baba yingongoma ebalulekileyo kwibhayiloji yakhe. ISIMEMO SOKUXHASA IZIBHENGEZO, Wafumana Ngango-1775, kodwa ixesha elide wathandabuza, ngaphandle kokuqonda iimfundiso kunye nokujonga kwaye ungafuni ukuzivumelana nesifungo esincinci.
Nangona kunjalo, bafuna kakhulu ukuyifumana kuye kwaye ngaphambili bamxelele malunga nomxholo wamanyathelo ama-3 okuqala, ophikisana nemithetho esele ikho. Ekugqibeleni, uNovikov wavuma, kodwa kungekudala wafuduka kwinkqubo ye-Elaginskaya kwisisa seSoftware, apho abathathi-nxaxheba bebenza inkanuko yeZitho zokuzithanda nokuziphatha.
Ubomi Buqu
Phantse kwakungekho xesha lobomi bakhe bombhali, kunye nomnqweno wokuchitha ixesha ngezinto ezimbi. Ndikunye nenkosikazi ye-Novikov yadibana endlwini yomhlobo wakudala uNikolai Trubetsky. UAlexandra Egorovna rimskaya-Kurkokov wayenomnini wendlu kumtshana. Umtshato wakhawuleza wakhawuleza, kodwa wayengonwabanga, kuba kwakungekho thando phakathi kwamaqabane. Ngo-1791, uAlexander wasweleka, eshiya i-nicholas ivanovich yabantwana abathathu.
Yonke inzala yesibini yabandezeleka kwiPaducha (enesifo). Wavula bonke abantwana ngokufanayo, emva kokukhangela, xa iiHussies ziqhuma phakathi kwendlu, zamthabatha uyihlo, wamthabatha uyise.
Ukufa
Ngo-1772, umshicileli ongapheliyo ekugqibeleni waphelisa ugcino lomonde weCatherine II. Yonke loo nto iqalile ngokuvalwa kwendlu yokuprinta, ukuvalwa komshicileli kwaye kukhangelwe kumanqaku akwaNovikov "Ewe-Kramol", emva koko, ukuqukumbela inqaba yeShtsalseburg.
Emva kweminyaka emi-4, uPawulos ndakhulula isayensi, kodwa ndayalela ukuba ipapashwe kwaye ithathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yentlalo. Emva koko, isikhundla sikaNikolai Ivanovich asiphucukanga, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ngaye, sihluthwa ilungelo lokuvota, laqala ukulibala.
Emva kwenkululeko evela kwinqaba, umshicileli otyhidiweyo waziswa ngeendaba ezimbi: Xa wayesentolongweni, yonke le ndawo yam yayithengiswa kwi-Auction. Ngoncedo lwabahlobo kunye noonobumba abaninzi be-Novikov babuyisele ipropathi, kodwa izakhiwo zikwimeko ebuhlungu yokuba yonke imali eseleyo kunye nemikhosi yamelwe ukuba ibuyiselwe yonke imali kunye nemikhosi esele ibuyiselwe.
Kwasekwa amatyala amakhulu, kwaye intlawulo yombhali yayikukuhlawulelwa inzala kwimali mboleko. Rhoqo ngonyaka ngoDisemba kuye kwafuneka ukuba asikhuphe ngexabiso elinqwenelekayo kwaye uhlala esoyika ukuba ipropathi ihamba nesando.
1817 Ikhutshwe ngenxa yeNovekov ngokukhethekileyo - ityala likwazi ukuhlawula ngelo xesha. Ukusuka kwimincili, woyiswa kukubetha, ehamba nenkcitho yenkumbulo kwaye waba ngu-31 (Agasti 12) ngo-1818 unobangela wokufa.
Emva kokusweleka kukaNikolai Ivanovich, usapho lwayo lwahlala kwimeko enqabileyo yemali. UNikolai Mikhailovich Karazin wafumana umlawuli kwisikhalazo, apho wayengumrhumo womntu ongenasiphelo, kodwa ebongozwa ukuba ahlawule, kodwa i-Alexander ndala intengiso.