Biography
UAlexander Borodin yinzululwazi edumileyo kunye nomqambi omkhulu oye waba yinto eyahlukileyo kwinyani ye-19. I-ACDISICAP ETHATHE INANI LOKUFUMANEKA KWEXESHA LOKUZIPHATHA KWISICWANGCISO SOKUSETYENZISWA KWE-CHEDISERSERICERSETY, EYENZIWEYO ISAYENSI KUNYE NOMDLALI WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKWENZIWEYO KWIHLABATHI liphela.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAlexander PorfiryEvich Borodin, owazalwa ngoNovemba 12, 1833, yayingunyana wangaphandle wommeli wepristali yaseGeorgia yeLuka Gedevanishvili kunye nentombazana enqabileyo. Ukususela ebuncisaneni ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-8, inkwenkwana yahlala i-hob yookhokho bakhe, kwaye i-porvyrian borodin kunye nenkosikazi yakhe yayithathelwa ingqalelo ngabazali abancinci bakaSasha. Ngaphambi kokufa, inkosana yamnika uAlexander nonina, owanikwa ugqirha wasemkhosini ngegama likaKleinek, walungiselela ikamva labo, enika indlu ebanzi.
Ukunganeli ilungelo lokufumana imfundo yezifundo kwiindonga zendawo yokuzivocavoca, uBorodin wafunda ekhaya, wafumana ulwazi kwiindlela ezininzi zesikolo. Inkwenkwe inomdla kumculo kwaye yabonisa utyekelo lokwakha. Xa uSasha wayeneminyaka eli-9 ubudala, waqamba umdlalo wokudanisa omncinci waza waqala ukufundisa umbhobho, uCello noPello noPello, kwaye ngeminyaka eli-13 ubudala baba nguGamomo "Gacomo Meyer Gacomo.
Ukuthantamisa kunye nobugcisa bekungaphelelanga kumculo-umqambi omncinci wapeyintiwe ngenzondelelo kwaye ebandakanyeka ekusetyenzisweni kweScy. Ngokufanayo, inkwenkwe yaba nomdla kwiChemistry, iSayensi, eyanceda ekuqondeni ukwakhiwa kunye nendalo ye-phenomena enomdla. Uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-borodin uchithe ekhaya. Ukujonga kwaye unexhala malunga nokugcinwa kwendlu yokuhlala, umama wagqiba kwelokuba unyana uza kufuna ukuphumelela kunye nomthambo kwaye uye kufunda ngakumbi.
Ngoncedo lwezinto zokubhala ilizwe, umfana wayezimisele abathengisi kwaye wathunyelwa kwi-Stgerdy Academy yaseSt. Petersburg, apho akholisayo khona, wayenobuchule kwiChemistry phantsi kokuqala kwe Nikolai Nikolayevich Zinin.
Amayeza kunye chemistry
Ekupheleni kwekhosi yoqeqesho ngo-1857, uBorodin wasebenza kwisibhedlele somkhosi. Kunyaka kamva, wakhusela i-thessis yakhe, wafumana isidanga sogqirha kumayeza kwaye wathatha umsebenzi wophando. Umsebenzi wokuqala wesayensi oye wazukisa uAlexander yayiyingxelo yefuthe lamanzi amaneral emzimbeni womntu, owaba nguluntu ngo-1859.
Kwakuloo nyaka, ibhunga lemfundo lathumela iBorodin phesheya ukukhulisa amabanga emfundo kunye namava angaphandle amkelweyo. Kwiminyaka emi-2 eJamani, ejikelezwe ziinzululwazi eziqaqambileyo, uEvard Jung, ivan seckinov, i-sergey Mendeleev, apho umphengululi oselula othathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso zeNgcali, apho "i-atom" zachazwa ngokucacileyo.
Ngexesha lohambo lweshishini langaphandle, uBorodin watyelela e-Itali, wadibana nonjingalwazi wengingqi, amavavanyo echithe iikhemikhali ezinemigaqo ye-fluoride kwilebhu yabafundi kwiDyunivesithi yasePisa. Ihlobo 1862 Inzululwazi yolutsha ichithe kwakhona eJamani, yaya kwikomkhulu laseFrance ebusika.
UAlexander wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe ekuqaleni kwe-1863. Udlulise ingxelo ngomsebenzi wesayensi kwaye wathatha isikhundla soNjingalwazi weZiko leMfundo, elalidityaniswe ngemfundiso. Kunyaka kamva, uBorodin wakhulela kunjingalwazi oqhelekileyo kwaye wayalela ukuba akhokele labhoratri yekhemikhali, apho waqhubeka khona eqhubeka nophando lwezenzululwazi.
Ngo-1868, kunye notitshala wakhe, uNikolai Zinin, uAlexander wabeka isiseko soluntu lwekhemikhali laseRussia, kwaye wanegalelo kwi-DMMMERY MEMEEEGEV kwiMbutho yeZifundo zezoNyango, yangaphambili yangaphambili.
Ngo-1877, uBorodin wafika kwinqanaba eliphezulu loluntu lwenzululwazi kwaye wafumana isihloko seSitayile, kwaye ngonyaka ka-1883 ogqirha baseRussia bamoovimba ilungu elinobubele. Ngexesha lomsebenzi wesayensi, umchiza onetalente wabhala ngaphezulu kwemisebenzi engama-40, yeyokufunyanwa kweMisebenzi ye-Bengzene kunye nendlela yokufumana i-carbon engafakwanga i-hagin, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Borodin-Hunsdiker.
Umculo
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iBorodin ihlawule ixesha elininzi lomsebenzi wesayensi, umculo uqhubeke njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yebhayiloji yakhe. Njengomfundi, Alexander Porfiryevich waqamba nemidlalo ezincinane ukuze ipiyano kunye romantics, ethandwa kuzo "Arab Melody", "Sleeping Nkosazana" yaye "Dark Forest Ingoma". Ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe, waya ezikonsane, eqhelene nomsebenzi wabaqeshwa baseYurophu ka-Gerenz Gender, uFederick Wagner, Richard Wagner, Robert Shuman nabanye.
Kwi-St. Petersburg, inzululwazi encinci yadibana nomdiliya womculo kunye noluntu e-Mile Glakirev waza waba lilungu "leqela elinamandla", phi, phi, e-Nikolay Rimsky, Kasar Kyui. Umbutho, wentloko ungumgxeko obhaliweyo, uVladimir Stasov, owaba yintsapho yesibini yaseBorodin, ephembelela incasa yomculo kunye nokugxila kwezesiko le-mingail glinkal glinko.
I-essay ye-essays ye-Alexander PorfiryEvich eyenzelwe ukuhlwa kwi-mitrofan Belyaeva, apho kwabuthwa khona uElick. Ezona zihloko ziphambili ze-borodina zazinkululeko, ukuthanda ilizwe kunye nekratshi lesizwe labantu baseRussia. UBorodin waba ngomnye wotyekelo lwe-heroc-epic kumculo waseRussia.
Imveliso yokuqala yokuqala yomqambi wohlobo olutsha, owenziwe ngo-1869 yi-orchestra ephantsi kolawulo lomhlobo wakhe umqhubi weMia waseBlakirev, wamzisa uzuko nodumo lwaseYuroki. Umqambi oqambe unothando, iimfesane ze-3, i-ssoeds, imingxunya yepiyano, umbongo ", kunye ne-Opera" Bogati "kwaye" i-Prince Igor ".
Ubukhulu bokwenyani betalente ye-borodin yatyhilwa kwi-2nd "bogatyyr" i-bogatyr "i-symphony", enika amandla abantu baseRussic. Kule msebenzi ka-Epic, iinjongo zomdaniso zaye zangenelwa ngezihloko eziqinisekileyo zezinto eziqinisekileyo kwaye, ziqinisa ngokuthe ngcembe, ziguqulwe zangasandi esinamandla kubadlali be-Epic.
Nge "Bogatyr" symphony, i-opera engafakwanga i-opera "i-Prince Igor", apho umbhali asebenze khona iminyaka eli-18. Waba yintsimbi yesitayile samagorha, omangalisayo kwinqanaba lemifanekiso ekwenzeni ikwayara ye-folk kunye ne-combodiction yemifanekiso. Inomdla kwinto yokuba ezi zidalwa zikhulu zenziwa ngumqambi ngokuhambelana, kwaye izinto zenzelwe isincoko esinye ngamanye amaxesha zibe yinxalenye yelinye.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe phesheya, uBorodin wanyamekela iProtpopova yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianinest yasePianiness Catherine, igcinwe eJamani ikhosi yonyango evela kwisifuba esinganyangekiyo. Intombazana eyayinikela ingqalelo epheleleyo idla ngokunyanzelwa ukuba ivulelwe inkampani yenzululwazi, imazi kwimibhalo yabaqeqeshi baseYurophu. Abantu abancinci bachitha ixesha elininzi kunye, batyelele iikonsathi eBebhun-Baden, kwakamthandana kwaye bagqiba kwelokuba batshata.
Umtshato wenzeka ngentwasahlobo ye-1863. Isibini sihlala kwi-St. Petersburg, kwindlu enobuhlobo kwindlu ngesitalato i-boar.
Ngenxa yeengxaki ezingapheliyo ngemiphunga, i-Ekaterina Sergeyevna ayinakuhlala kwi-intanethi ixesha elide. Ukuhamba kwakhe eMoscow kwindlu kamama wasela ubomi bobuqu boRodin. Uninzi lweenyani zebhayiloji yenzululwazi kunye nenzala yomqambi ziye zafunda kwiileta ezitshintshwa ngamaqabane atshintshiwe ngexesha lokwahlula. Esi sibini sasingenabo abantwana kwaye siqaqambile ukuba lilolo ngezinto ezixhalabisayo malunga nabafundi abathathwe kukhathalelo, ababethathwa njengeentombi zabo.
Ukufa
Ekupheleni kobomi, uBorodin wayebandakanyeke kakhulu emsebenzini, wayelilungu lemibutho eyahlukeneyo, intloko yekwayala yabafundi kunye ne-Academy Symphony Orchestra, ethathe inxaxheba kwindalo, ethandwayo kwimeko yesayensi.
Ngo-1880, umhlobo kunye nomfundisi kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho u-Nikolay Zinin wasweleka, kwaye enyakeni akazange abe ngumntu othandana naye othandabuzayo. Umsebenzi oxinzelelekileyo, ilahleko yobuqu kunye nokukhathalela umfazi ogulayo wabeka uphawu kwimo ebonakalayo ye-borodin.
NgoFebruwari 27, 1887, ekubhiyozeleni kwe-carnival ebanzi, umqambi uyonwabisa eluntwini lwabahlobo namaqabane, ukudanisa kakhulu kwaye wadanisa. Ebudeni babafana, uAlexander PorfiryEvich Wuped kwisiqingatha segama kwaye wakhwela phantsi. Unobangela wokusweleka kwenzululwazi enkulu kwaye umqambi wayengumsantsa wentliziyo.
I-Borodin ingcwatywe kwi-Necropolis Masters ye-Alexander Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Isikhumbuzo somfanekiso womntu oswelekileyo, ojikelezwe yifomula yemolekyuli, yafakwa engcwabeni.
Besakhanukayo kwilahleko, abahlobo bakaBorodin benza enye yendalo yakhe engafezekanga. UNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov kunye nabanye abameli zoluntu zomculo bagqiba opera Prince Igor, owasiwa eluntwini ngo-1890, Alexander Glazunov wenza orchestration le symphony 3 A-Moll.
Sebenza
- I-1849 - "Adsutic Adagio (i-DUR)"
- I-1850s - "Mamela, iintombi, ingoma yam"
- I-1862 - "Umtya weQuintet (F-moll)"
- I-1866 - "Symphony Nomb. 1 es-dur"
- I-1867 - "Inkosazana yokulala"
- Ngo-1868-1872 - "Ikota ye-Gocal ye-Gocal ngaphandle kokuhamba" Serenade ye-canavadene ezine yenenekazi elinye "
- Ngo-1868 - "Bogatyry"
- 1869-1887 - "iprince igor"
- Ngo-1875 - "Symphony Nomb. 2 H-moll" Bogatyr "
- 1887 - "Symphony No. 3 A-Morll"
- 1880 - "Umfanekiso weSymphoni" kumbindi weAsia "