Biography
I-poet nikolai zabolotsky ngummeli oqaqambileyo we-Russian Russia. Ukuba imisebenzi yakhe yakuqala yafakwa imibono yexesha elizayo, kwixa elizayo wafumana indlela yakhe eyayisetyenziswa kwiivesi, ngokuxuba i-filosoph enobunzima kunye nokubhoboza amazwi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UNikolai wazalelwa kwintwasahlobo ye-1903 kwiKoliyskaya Sloboda (ngoku iKazan), kwiPhondo laseKazan. Inkwenkwe yayineqhayiya ngabazali bakhe, umama wakhe wasebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwilali, kwaye utata wakhe wayeyindoda kwaye wayesebenza njengabaphathi kwifama. Ubuntwana be-poet yexesha elizayo azange kungekuphela kuphela kweYeloda yayo, wachitha ixesha elininzi kwaye wakhonza kwilali, eyayikwiphondo laseVyatka.
Kumfundisi-ntsapho wesikolo kunye nabazali baqaphele italente yomntwana, kuba sele ikwinqanaba lesi-3, ngokuzimeleyo yadala imagazini apho iingoma ezibekwe khona. Ukufumana uqeqesho olungaphezulu, iZabolotsky isuka e-Urzhum kwaye iza kubakho esikolweni, ukuthanda umfana othile kunika umzobo, kunye ne-chemistry nembali.
Emva kokuphela kwesikolo sokwenyani ngo-1920, iZabolotsky ingena eyunivesithi yaseMoscow. Ukhetha iFililogy kunye namayeza, kodwa kungekudala uye kwi-Petrograd kwaye uphela kwiZiko leDatha. Isebe le-herzen yolwimi lwasemzini noncwadi. Emva konyaka, ngo-1926, umfana ubiza inkonzo emkhosini.
Imibongo
Kwinkonzo yeZabolotsky, bamiselwe eLeningrad, ukusuka apho ashiya khona indawo yogcino ngonyaka. Kwaye ukuba ebutsheni, imibongo ye-wengeko yeqonga ixelwe ngamava e-YUNC evela kwilali nakwiinkumbulo zakhe, emva koko iguqukele emkhosini, abangafaniyo nohlobo lwembali. Ke kwi-bibliography yembongi, imisebenzi yokuma yokuma yeyokuqala ivela.
Emva komkhosi, uNikolai ufike kwimeko yakutshanje yomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha woqoqosho, osisiseko semibongo yemibongo efakwe i-Satire. Imisebenzi kade ihlanganisene kwincwadi enye, ebizwa ngokuba "ziikholamu". Imifanekiso yembongi ifakwe kwisiciko sopapasho.
Incwadi yapapashwa ngo-1929, kwangoko emva kokukhululwa, kubangele ubunzima bamaphephandaba. Ngaphandle koku, indoda ibeka ubudlelane nephephancwadi "inkanyezi", apho ezinye iivesi zombhali zingena kweyesibini, iBhodi yoHlelo ipapashwa kwixesha elizayo.
Uhlelo olulandelayo, olubandakanya imibongo yeZabolotsky, elenzelwe ngexesha lokususela ngo-1926 ukuya ku-1932, lalisele liprintwe, kodwa abafundi abazange bayibone. Kunye nomsebenzi kaNikolai Alekseevich "Umbhiyozo wezoLimo", wabangela ukuba kubekho mfuneko yombhali. Isimo sengqondo esinjalo sokuyila senze imbongi ngakumbi kwaye ngakumbi qinisekisa ukuba akazukuvunyelwa ukuba aphunyezwe kwimibongo yedwa. Oku kucacisa ukuhla kwendalo kaNikolai, okuthile kude kube ngo-1935.
Ubomi, indoda ifumene iimagazini ezimbini phantsi kobunkokeli bukaSamuel Marshak, zabhala imibongo yabantwana kunye neproses, kunye nokuguqulela amabali ababhali bamanye amazwe. Ngokuthe ngcembe i-nikolai ngokuthe ngcembe yaqinisa isikhundla sayo kwiisangqa zoncwadi zeLeningrad, yaye kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo imibongo ifunyenwe ivunywa.
Ngo-1937, wakhulula "incwadi yesibini", enemibongo. Kwaye malunga nexesha elifanayo wasebenza ekuguquleleni umsebenzi "wegama malunga ne-Igor", eyakhe i-Osad Kozelsk ", kunye nezinye iincwadi neenguqulelo. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elibonakalayo elichumelweyo laguquka likhohlise.
Ukuqukumbela
I-coup yokwenyani kwi-ZAbolotsky yenzekile ngo-1938, xa wayetyholwa nge-propaganda ngokuchasene nenkqubo yeSoviet. Njengoko impikiswano kumbhali yabonisa amanqaku kubagxeki kunye nophononongo lophononongo, oluhlekisa ngokubhekisa, ukugqwetha umbono wemisebenzi ebhaliweyo.
Into kuphela awasindisayo kukubulawa yayikukwala ukwamkelwa ityala lokuyilwa kombutho wohlaziyo, nto leyo, ngokugwetywa kwabatshutshisi, kubandakanya nabanye abantu. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele uphononongo lokugxekwa kweNikolai Laurechevsky, obhale i-NKVD, ejonga umsebenzi we-Zabolotsky kwifowuni yokulwa intlalo kunye nezopolitiko zeSoviet.
Njengomntu kamva, indoda eboniswe kwimemo "imbali yesigqibo sam", ikhutshwe phesheya ngo-1981, kokokuqala ukubandezeleka ayizange isetyenziswe kuye, kwaye izamile ukucinezela ngokuziphatha. I-Nicholas ihlutha ukutya nokulala kunye nosuku. Wayengavumelekanga ukuba avuke esitulweni, awayechithe ngayo usuku ngenye imini. Abaphandi bathenga nganye nganye, yaye le ndoda yaqhubeka ihamba kakubi.
Emva kwethuba lexesha lakhe, imilenze yayo idluliselwa kakhulu, kwaye iinyawo zanganyamezeleki, ukwazi kwaqala ukungcwaba ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, imbongi kunye nabo bonke abantu babo banokuzama ukugcina ingqondo ecacileyo ukuze abantu abamphazamisayo, bengenzakaliswa kukungabikho kokusesikweni, babukhalisela imizimba emiselweyo.
Ukususela ngo-1939 ukuya ku-1943, uNikolai usebenza isigwebo kwi-komsomolsk-in-Aur kwi-Aur Recing River kunye nenkampu ekusetyenzwa nzima kuyo kunye ne-Kuundy Steppes kwi-ITL ". Iileta ezithunyelwe kubantwana kunye nomfazi kamva zasinga isiseko sokhetho lakhe "le-10038-1944".
Ukubuyela kubomi boncwadi kwindoda yenzeka kuphela ngo-1944, kuye kwathi lwaza kuthwele "iLizwi malunga nokuza kwe-Igor", nto leyo eyamkelayo eyona misebenzi idalwe yenye imibongo. Le nyaniso yanceda umbhali kwiminyaka emi-2 yokubuya eKaraganda ukuya eMoscow kwaye efumana kwakhona kwimanyano yababhali, qala ukubhala ngamandla amatsha.
Imibongo ebhalwe nguZabolotsky kwixesha lokusukela ngo-1946 ukuya ku-1948, banamhlanje ababhali baxatyiswa. Uninzi lwemisebenzi yamadoda idlulisela usizi lwakhe kwaye ivela ngaphezulu. Kwakungelo xesha apho imibongo yayibhaliwe "cranes" kunye "thaw".
Nangona kunjalo, ukuphakamisa kwakhe ukudala ngokukhawuleza kwashukunyiselwa ukwehla, kwaye le ndoda yayihambelana neenguqulelo zobugcisa. Kodwa emva kwe-XX Congress ye-CPU, ubugqwetha obucacileyo benziwe phantsi koncwadi, kwaye uNikolai kwakhona uthatha ipeni. Kule minyaka i-3 idlulileyo yobomi, ubhala ininzi imisebenzi emva kwenkululeko, ezinye ziyaprintwa. Ngo-1955, imibongo "yentombazana embi" kwaye "kubuhle bemiphefumlo yabantu". Ngo-1957, ukudityaniswa kwakhe kwe-4 kuphuma, kwaye unyaka kamva, umsebenzi "ungavumeli umphefumlo wevila."
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu eZabolotsky ngexesha elinye belilungile, kodwa ngaxa lithile lalinika i-rack. Umfazi wembongi waba ngu-Ekaterina Kykov. Ulutsha lwatshata ngo-1930, ngexesha lokugcina umyeni wakhe elugcinweni, umfazi wamxhasa kwaye eqhuba imbalelwano.
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1955 wemka uNicholas kumbhali fumlowo. Ngeli xesha, le ndoda ichitha inoveli ngeNatalina Rossina. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-3 umfazi wabuyela eZabolotsky kwaye kude kube sekupheleni kwemihla yayikunye neqabane lakhe.
Emtshatweni, uNikolai Alekseevich wayenabantwana ababini. Unyana kaNikita wabona kwintsapho emi-2 emva komtshato. Ukukhula, waba ngumbhali webhayoloji kunye nombhali wamanqaku kwi-biology, kwaye wadala ii-imerinurs malunga notata wakhe. Intombi kaNatalia yazalwa ngo-1937, kwiminyaka engama-25, intombazana yatshata noNikolai Kaverin, owayeyinkululeko ye-rathomidia.
Ukufa
Nangona kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uNikolai Alekseevich ufumene ukwamkelwa kwabafundi kwaye babephila ngokuzimela, impilo eshiyekileyo entolongweni neenkampu, zasilela ukubuyela endodeni. Emva kokubuyela kwethu ekhaya, uhlala egula.
Njengoko u-chukovsky, n. chukovsky, owazi i-Zabolotsky, wabetha kakhulu eNikolai nasemva kokuhamba umfazi wakhe. Emva kwalo msitho, wahlaselwa yintliziyo yokuqala. Imbongi yayihlala enye iminyaka emi-3. Unobangela wokusweleka kombhali yayiyesobuhlungu sentliziyo yesibini esenzeka ngo-Oktobha 1958.
Iqabane likaNikolai lasweleka ngo-1997, umfazi wangcwatyelwa ecaleni kwendoda yakhe. Kwifoto evela engcwabeni yembongi, isikhumbuzo sasibonakala, apho igama likaCatherine vasineevna laliqingqiwe.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1929 - "Iikholamu"
- Ngo-1931 - "Umzi ongaqondakaliyo"
- Ngo-1937 - "Incwadi yesibini: imibongo"
- Ngo-1948 - "Umbongo"
- Ngo-1957 - "Umbongo"
- Ngo-1957 - "Uthando lokugqibela"
- Ngo-1981 - "Imbali yesigqibo sam"