Biography
UKurt vonnegut ngumbhali waseMelika, i-noolokoli kunye nogqirha wenkulungwane yama-20. Abo babengenayo ukuba baqhelane nemisebenzi yakhe, mhlawumbi bajamelana neegusha zombhali. Eyona misebenzi idumileyo yaseKurt Wanegut ithathelwa ingqalelo iincwadi "Ikati yeenkomo" kunye "nenombolo yesonka entlanu, okanye i-crusade yabantwana."Ubuntwana noLutsha
UKurt vonnegut wazalelwa usapho lwabafuduki baseJamani ngoNovemba 11, 1922. Ilizwe lakhe yayisisixeko saseMelika saseIndianapolis, esihlala sivela kwimisebenzi yombhali. Utata wenkwenkwe wayengumsunguli wenkampani yokwakha, kunye nonina - intombi yesigidi eyayifumene ukuqalisa. ESonyGuts bakhupha abantwana abathathu, uKurt wayenomzalwana noDade: Bernard noAlice.
Ixesha loxinzelelo olukhulu lwenza ixhala lentsapho malunga nemeko yezemali, njengoko izinto ziba mandundu. Intloko yentsapho yahlala ingenamsebenzi. Ngeli xesha, uKurt Umama uKurt waxelela isigulo sengqondo, indlela yokungafumaneki. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1944, ibhinqa elithile lazibulala. Esi siganeko sihlala sisothuka esomeleleyo kwimemori yeKurt.
Ukunyanzelisa utata wakhe, ukufunyanwa kwezikolo esikolweni esikolweni, uVonnegut wangena kwiDyunivesithi yaseCornelia yekhephu le chemistry. Umkhuluwa wakhe ngo-1939 wafumana isidanga kwi-chemistry kwi-Massachusetts Institute yeTekhnoloji, kwaye umzali wayeqinisekile ukuba uKurt unokubonisa amandla kweli lala.
Utata wayethathwa njengothando lo Nyana woNyana weMbali kunye nefilosofi engenangqondo, kwaye uKurt wayenomdla omncinci kwi-chemistry. Sele ngelo xesha, ingqalelo yakhe yayiluncwadi lwayo ngokupheleleyo. Amanyathelo okuqala kwisikhombisi sokuyila walenzayo umfana, esebenza kwiphephandaba labafundi.
UKorn vonnegut akazange aphumelele eyunivesithi. Ukuchitha iminyaka emi-3 kwiziko lemfundo, wayezaliseke njengomhleli kunye nesikhangeli. Ukuqala kweMfazwe yeHlabathi inika lo mfo ukuba ajoyine umkhosi. Utshintshelwe kwiDyunivesithi yaseCarnegie, emva koko, apho wafunda khona ubunjineli bomemo.
Inkonzo yasemkhosini kunye nomsebenzi
Emva kokuya ngaphambili, uVonnegut phantse wavuya kwangoko kumajoni aseJamani. Wazifumana kwinkampu ekusetyenzwa nzima eDresden, apho wayebukela yonke into eyenzekayo kwiminyaka yemfazwe. Iimpembelelo zemisebenzi yombhali zasekwa. Xa kwenzeka ebusuku iindiza, amabanjwa avalelwa kwindawo yokuxhela eshiyekileyo, apho izidumbu zenyama zisetyenziselwa ukugcinwa. I-Dresden yayikwiibhodlo, naseKurta ikwazile ukusinda.
Wathatha inxaxheba kwibhotwe lemingxunya. Ngokwezimvo ze-vonnegut, kwakukho ubuncinci abantu abangama-250 lamawaka phakathi kwamaxhoba. Iziphumo zamva kwezi ziganeko, umbhali uya kuchaza umsebenzi we "Inombolo ye-Sliderhouse 5, okanye i-crusade yabantwana."
Emva kwenkululeko ye-leipzig, amabanjwa abhekiswa kwingingqi yeSundaan. Imizamo yamajoni aseSoviet, lo mmandla wakhululwa kubahlaseli wotshaba ngoMeyi 1945. I-WINNEGTHA ibonise i-"yentliziyo ebomvu, eyenzelwe ixhoba, eyenzakala ngexesha lokulwa. Umbhali wembasa akazange aqonde, kuba inxeba lakhe lalingenamsebenzi.
Ukubuya kwimfazwe, uVonnegut wahlala kwilizwe lakhe wangena kwisitudiyo sika-postraduate weDyunivesithi yaseChicago. Ukuqeqesha uMbhali weNovice odityaniswe nomsebenzi wentatheli yamapolisa. Wafumana isikhundla kwiZiko leendaba leSixeko. Ngo-1947, indoda yawenza i-dissertation ngesihloko semali eseleyo kunye nokubi kwiintsomi. Umsebenzi ogxekwa kwaye akazange avume. Imo ye-Master Kurt Vonnegut ifunyenwe ngo-1971. Oku kwaphenjelelwa kukukhululwa kwencwadi ethi "Ikati yeenkomo".
U-WINEGutT ufunyenwe kwidolophu ekuthiwa yiSkenecancidi kunye nemizamo yesalamane, wafumana umsebenzi kwi-cramie yombane kwiCramie, apho waba ngumphathi wezonxibelelwano. Imisebenzi yengcali ibandakanya ukubhala amanqaku eendaba malunga nezinto ezifunyenweyo, ezifezekisiwe kwiilebhu zenkampani. I-Vonnegut lixhonywe apha de kube ngo-1951.
Unxibelelwano kunye nezazinzulu zashiya umkhondo emsebenzini wombhali. Ukwenza uxanduva kwangoko phakathi kwemini, ebusuku wabhala amabali. Abanye babo bathunyelwa kwimagazini "veki nganye". Emva kothotho lwentsilelo, ukupapashwa kwapapashwa iincwadi ezi-2 zombhali, ukuhlawula intlawulo ye- $ 1.7 yamawaka. Ukuqonda ukuba imisebenzi yoncwadi inokuzisa umvuzo, uNinegut wagqiba kwelokuba azinikele ngokwakhe.
Iincwadi
Izibakala ezininzi ezinomdla zebhayiloji ziye zasisiseko semisebenzi ye-novelist. Iziganeko ezikhoyo kubutsha bayo zazibonakaliswa kwi "Utopia 14", yapapashwa ngo-1952. Umbhali uchaza ikamva apho umntu kulo naliphi na icandelo lomsebenzi liyakwazi ukutshintsha imoto. Iinoveli "uSirena Titan", epapashwe ngo-1959, kwaye "ikati i-radle", epapashwe ngo-1963, ebalwa kwintsomi yesayensi.
Ngo-1967, uKuthini vonnegut wanikwa i-Guggegeim Scholarship, eyavumela umbhali ukuba atyelele i-dresden yokuthatha incwadi entsha. Isampulu ye-stylistry ye-sinnegut kunye nembeko ithathwa njengencwadi ethi "Inombolo yeSlideGor Inombolo 5, okanye i-crusader Ngo-1972, uGeorge Roy Hill wayithatha ifilimu kuyo. I-kinokista yaba uphumelele uMthendeleko weFilimu yeCanes.
Ngexesha lokususela ngo-1965 ukuya ku-1967, umbhali wabambisana neyunivesithi eIowa, ngenxa yengqokelela yamabali amafutshane abizwa ngokuba "Wamkelekile kwiMonkey" yavela emhlabeni. I-WINGEGut izamile kwaye njengokudlala, ukudala umdlalo "wokuzalwa owonwabileyo, wanda jun". Umsebenzi wabekwa kwinqanaba lemidlalo yeqonga eNew York, yaye ngo-1971 umlawuli uMark Robson wakhupha iifilimu zakhe.
Ngo-1973, ukukhanya kukhanya kwesidlo sakusasa saseRoma "kwiimbambano". Kwangelo xesha linye, uWannegu wabelwa isihloko soNjingalwazi weProssi-ethetha isiNgesi kwiDyunivesithi entsha ye-York. Oku kulandelayo kwalandelwa kupapasho lwee-Bilagan Ii-nevels, "ezincinci aziphoswanga", "iindevu ezibhubha", "kugxila PUSUS" kunye nabanye. Ngokweegxeko, kurt vonnegut idibanisa izinto zentsomi zesayensi ngesayensi yeGrostere kunye nezoncwadi zeMizekeliso kwimisebenzi.
Ngo-1994, umbhali wabhengeza ukugqitywa komsebenzi woncwadi, kodwa ngo-1997 i-bibliography yakhe iphinde yagcwaliswa ngenoveli ". Kude kube ngu-2000, umbhali wapapasha iingqokelela zeqokelelo ezininzi. Ngo-2005, incwadi yesincoko sakhe esibizwa ngokuba "ngumntu ngaphandle kwelizwe" sapapashwa. Umsebenzi wawugqibela kwimisebenzi yoncwadi ye-Kurt vonnegut.
Ubomi Buqu
Okokuqala ngqa, i-vonnegut itshatile janery coke. Unyana kunye neentombi ezi-2 ezelwe emtshatweni. UKart wasamkela isigqibo esibalulekileyo ngokuthatha umtshana o-3 phantsi kogada. Bahlala inkedama emva kokubhubha kodade waseWannembe kunye neqabane lakhe. Kumtshato wesibini nomfazi wakhe, uJil Clemerz Kurt wasungula intombazana eya kuba ngumntwana wesixhenxe kwintsapho yakhe enkulu.
Ubomi bombhali bombhali bekungekho lula. Utata wakhe wasweleka ngo-1957. Kunyaka kamva, uDade Alice wasweleka ngumhlaza. Iqabane lomfazi, elaliya kumtyelela, langena kwingozi yemoto. Uxanduva lokuwela umntu ohlala etyhala kwiingcinga ezimbi. Ukuphulukana kwabantu abathandekayo bomeleze uxinzelelo, nto leyo eyaphinda yaya e-Winnegut. Wayesoloko ecinga ngokuzibulala, kodwa wayesoyika ukufaka umzekelo ombi.
Ukongeza kwitalente yoncwadi, umbhali wayenotyekelo lokuzoba. Wayekhetha imizobo. Ukuya "kwisidlo sakusasa kwi-Champions" Kurt ngokuzimeleyo yenze umzekeliso wepeni. Imifanekiso igqitywe isicatshulwa esichazwe kwisicatshulwa.
Umbhali uhlala ehamba kunye neengoma zayo ezinemifanekiso, ehambisa umfanekiso wenkcubeko yaseMelika nge-prism yembono yakhe. Ukusukela ngo-1993, uKurt Vonnegut sele edanise neJoe Petro III, ishedyuli eyanceda ukudala imifanekiso. E-United States, kwabenza imiboniso ye-WINEDNGT kwi-ARTE yobugcisa obuhle.
Ukufa
Umbhali wasebenza ekukhuleni kwakhe kwaye wathanda eyona nto iphambili ebomini bakhe. UKorn vonnegut wasweleka nge-11 ka-Epreli 2007 eneminyaka engama-84. Wawa ngempumelelo kwaye walimala ubuchopho obangele ukufa kombhali.
Umsebenzi wombhali ukwimfuno kumazwe ahlukeneyo ehlabathi. Iincwadi zakhe zithathelwa ingqalelo i-classic yenkulungwane yama-20, kwaye iikowuteshini zaba ziinjongo ze-atro. Ukufa kwelizwe kwi-Indiaapolis yakhe kwakuqondwa ngokunika irhafu emsebenzini wakhe. Apha yabhengezwa kunyaka we-wancutut. Ifoto kurt vonneguta namhlanje ihambelana namaphepha eencwadi ezincwadi kuncwadi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1952 - "Utopia 14" ("Umatshini wepiyano")
- Ngo-1959 - "Sirena Titan"
- Ngo-1961 - "Umama wobumnyama"
- Ngo-1963 - "I-CATLE CRADLE"
- Ngo-1965 - "Inombolo ye-levory ezintlanu, okanye i-crusade yabantwana"
- Ngo-1973 - "isidlo sakusasa se-charmpions, okanye i-farewell, emnyama"
- Ngo-1976 - "FACC, okanye isizungu esipheleleyo"
- Ngo-1979 - "I-Remedivist"
- Ngo-1982 - "Kancinci Akukho Misa"
- Ngo-1985 - "Galapagos"
- Ngo-1987 - "iindevu eziluhlaza"
- Ngo-1990 - "kugxilwe PUKS"
- Ngo-1997 - "ITitthroughth"