Biography
UJohn Grisham ngukumkani wabahlengi basemthethweni, owenziwa bungcali kwicandelo lomthetho, nto leyo enika intembeko kunye nomtsalane okhethekileyo. Ngokutsho kokuThengisa okuhle "ngokuqinileyo", "Lixesha lokubulala", "Umthengi" wasuswa ziifilimu zeHollywood, ongeza idrama engalunganga, onokufa, ngokuchaseneyo, ngokulungele ukulwa ukwehla kokugqibela kwegazi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UJohn Ray Grishem JR. wazalwa ngoFebruwari 855 kwiSixeko saseMelika, eArkansas, kwintsapho yaseVanda (ne-NEE SKIDMR) noJohn Ray Grisham. Umama - Inkosikazi yasekhaya, utata wayezibandakanya ekwakheni nasekukhuleni kwekotoni. Inkwenkwe inesibini yabantwana abahlanu. Xa wayeneminyaka emi-4 ubudala, usapho lwaya eSouth Heven, Minnesota.
Ebuntwaneni, i-Grism ifuna ukuba ngumdlali we-baseball. Amaphupha ayekhutshiwe kwi-titolity ye "HARED HARD" (2001) malunga nenkwenkwana eneminyaka esi-7 ubudala, eyayifuna ukuzinikela kwimidlalo. Kwincwadi ethi "UJoe ovela kwiCalico" (2012) ichaza inyani kwi-biography yombhali, ngenxa yokuba, kwiminyaka eli-18, i-Grism ye-baseball: Iqela elichasene nomnye umdlali welinye iqela. Ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-8, uJohn wathi ubuKristu. Kwiminyaka yakhe yomfundi, wada waya eBrazil ukusasaza inkolelo yakhe.
UJohn waqalisa ukusebenza kwangethuba - ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-14 emidala esemanzini ekhulelweni eKindergarten, ukuziphindezela, kamva doros ngaphambi kokubhoboza. Kwiminyaka eyi-17, utata wakhe wamlungiselela ngendlela ephuma e-Asphalt ebizwa ngokuba yi-Asphalt, apho kwenzeke ingozi kumfana omenza ukuba acinge nzulu malunga nekholeji. Abasebenzi bezibini ababini balungiselela umlo, bafika badubula. Ukothuka, i-Griskch ifihliwe kwindlu yangasese kwaye yahlala apho de amapolisa abamba izaphuli-mthetho.
IAmerican yaqonda ukuba wayengafuni ukwenza ubomi ayokukhangela umsebenzi, kwaye angenele kwiKholeji yaseMantla-ntshona ye-mississippi, emva koko kwiYunivesithi yaseCleveland yaseCleveland, eOhio. UJohn watshintsha amaziko ama-3 ngaphambi kokuba afumane imfundo ephezulu. Ngo-1977, wakhulula kwiYunivesithi yaseMississippi Bakalavrom kwicandelo le-Akhawuntingi.
UGrisham wagqiba kwelokuba enze ulwazi luqinisekise kwaye lwangenisa umthetho wesikolo kwiYunivesithi yaseMississippi kwigqwetha lerhafu. I-Jurisspridence yajika ibangele umdla kuqoqosho, kwaye ngo-1981, umfana wafumana isidanga sobugqirha kwimithetho yoluntu.
Iincwadi
Kwiminyaka eli-10, i-Grisch yayisebenza njengegqwetha, ikhusela umdla wabemi ngolwaphulo-mthetho nangengozini yemicimbi yezempilo. Umsebenzi ophumeleleyo woMthetho wanceda iMelika ngo-1983 yokuphepha igumbi labameli beMississippi. Umvuzo woNyaka yayingamawaka 8 amawaka.
Ngo-1984, kwiholo yentendelezo yaseClinton, iMississippi, i-Grisham ivile ubungqina bamaxhoba odlwengulo kunye nokubetha koodade oneminyaka eli-12 noodadewethu oneminyaka eli-16. Ibali elibuhlungu lalinomdla kwigqwetha, kwaye wacinga ukuba kuya kuba nguyise wamantombazana ahlelwe ngaphandle kwaboni. Ke umbono wexesha lokuqala lomthetho "ixesha lokubulala" lazalelwa.
Xa kumiliselwa luhlobo lobomi, uJohn waphefumlelwa ngumsebenzi kaHariper Lee "ukubulala" utata ophambili kwinoveli, utata wentombazana edlwengulweyo, ibulala izaphuli-mthetho - Abafana abaMhlophe. Amalungu e-Ku-kloux clan avule i-hinge ye-jake bry, igqwetha elinyuka likhusela abantsundu. Ukuhlelwa komsebenzi kwavela ukuze ufumane umshicileli. UGrisham wafumana ukusilela oku-28, ngelixa ngoJuni 1989, iWynwood Press Point Playling House ayivumanga ukuprinta iikopi ezingama-5.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokubhala "ixesha lokubabulala", uMARIME WENZE IBHALA IKHODI "NGOKUGQIBELA" (1991) Malunga negqwetha eliqokelela imali yokusebenza kwemali ye-Mafia. Yajika yaba yiloyiso: Umsebenzi othathela ingqalelo kuluhlu lwabasebenzi abalungileyo "I-New York Times" iiveki ezingama-47, kangangeentsuku ezi-2 zithengiswe iikopi eziyi-1.5 yezigidi. Impumelelo yenoveli iqinisekile ukuba iGrism ingavumi ukuziqhelanisa nokugweba. Kuphela, ngo-1996, wakhusela izilangazelelo zosapho loSailinjemba, owabulawa emsebenzini.
Kwiminyaka elandelayo, uJohn uqhubeke nokubhala abakho ngokusemthethweni: "Umxhasi" (1993), "ikhamera" (1994), "iqabane" (ngo-1997), "Igqwetha" (1998). Uthotho lwemisebenzi efanayo lwaphazamiseka yindlu "yaseRoma", eyayichaze ubuntwana bombhali eArkansas, izaliswe yi-baseball, ukuvuna kwekotoni kunye nokulwa rhoqo intlupheko.
Izihloko zemidlalo kwiMisebenzi yeGrisha inokulandelwa kwiNoveli "(2003)," thuba lokugqibela "(2007)," Joe waseCalico ". Kunye "nentaba engwevu" (ngo-2014) ngumsebenzi wokuqala waseMelika, apho iqhawe eliphambili legqwetha lingumfazi.
Ukongeza kwiinoveli ezizodwa, kwi-bibliography kaYohane kukho ukuqokelelwa. Ke, ngo-2010 ukukhanya kwabona incwadi ethi "Ulwaphulo-mthetho lungenasohlwayo. I-Theodore Bun ligqwetha elincinci "malunga nenkwenkwe ephakanyiswa ngamagqwetha. Ngokufanelekileyo, uba lingqina kwindawo ebonakalayo, enokutshintsha kakhulu ikhondo letyala. Abantu bayala ukubona amazwi omntwana ongenamava, kodwa ukubambisa ifoto yakhe, kodwa uTheodore uyakholelwa ukuba unyanzelekile ukuba axele inyaniso, kungenjalo ulwaphulo-mthetho luza kuhlala lusohlwayo.
Abafundi bamkela ngokufudumeleyo isimilo esitsha, kwaye uGrisham wabhala ibali lesibini malunga negqwetha elincinci phantsi kwegama elithi "Ukwamkelwa" kwisihloko esithi "Ukwamkelwa", apho uToodore apho uToodore ephanda khona ukulahleka kwentombazana yesikolo. Kwibali "Etyholwa" (2012), umntwana okwishumi elivisayo uba ngumrhanelwa kulwaphulo-mthetho olungazange lwenze. Kufuneka azithethelele.
Kwibali "itshakazi" (2013), i-boon iya kufumana abahlobo abangumthetho, abazaziyo. Ngokudibeneyo baba kwicala lezobupolitika ezonakeleyo. Kodwa "abazizityebi" zimisele ukuqhuba inqwenele, nokuba oku kuya kufuneka bakhuphe abakwiindlela ezibi.
Emva kwekhefu elide, ngo-2016, ndaphuma kwisithandathu kwaye okwangoku kwinoveli yokugqibela kumjikelo "Theodore Bun: Shukisha". Kuyo, umcuko oselula wangqubana ne-falsing yeziphumo zovavanyo. Amabali akwaDodore Wawela kwabafundi abancinci ukuba bangcamle: uShiya, intombi kaGrisha, umfundisi-ntsapho, wagqiba ukufunda iincwadi ezikolweni kunye nokunxibelelanisa ubomi kunye nolwalamano.
Iingcamango zemisebenzi emitsha kwintloko yombhali ayizomisi. Ngo-2017, uJohn wabhala "uAsphara" - inoveli malunga nolutsha olutsha olwalutshayela kwisiseko seSikolo sabucala. Umthetho ecaleni kwababuqhophololo, ngoko abafundi banesidingo ezingapheliyo. Abanye abalinganiswa, kwanamagqwetha aselula, qaphela ukuba ujoliso lwenoveli entsha ye-American "Payback" (2018).
Iifilimu
Iincwadi zikaJohn Grisha zikhuselwe ngabavelisi bakaHollywood, kwaye ifilimu yokuqala ikhutshwe-"iqinile" (1993) kwi-SOSTERSINLELERSEGLEE yegama elinye. Indima ephambili yayibulawa nguTom Cruise. Ingqwalaselo yomlingisi odumileyo emsebenzini waseMelika akazange aqiniseke ukuba ezinye ii-cinema zithathe ukudalwa kwamakholwa evidiyo kuphela, kodwa zitsalele umdla ekufundeni iinoveli.
Ngo-1993, "ityala le-Pelia Roberts noDenzol Walberton wavela, kunyaka emva koko, uSoman Sarandon noTommy Li Jones evaliwe.
I-Butut Novel, "Lixesha lokubulala," lafumana i-filimu yefilimu kwiminyaka esi-7 emva kokubhala - ngo-1996. Kwindima yotata onethamsanqa, owaphiliswayo ngenxa yokulimala kwentombi yakhe, uSamuel L. Jackson wabonakala, kwaye uMateka uMcconaja wadlala igqwetha. USandra Bullock, uKevin Serldland, uKiefer noDonald Sutrland nabo bangena. Ukulungelelaniswa kweskripthi kuye kwazisa i-6 yezigidi ze-Grisham.
Ukuhlolwa kwe "imvula yegolide" (1995), inoveli ekutshutshisweni kwenkampani ye-inshurensi enetyala elincinci, uFrancis Ford Poppola wathabatha. Ifilimu yabizwa ngokuba yi "PePPUCTOR" (1997), iindima eziphambili zenziwa nguDanny de Vito noT Damon. Ngo-2017, i-CBS Channel yazisa ukudubula kolu ngcelele lwalo msebenzi. UJohn Grisham wenza njengomgcini wesihlolo.
Emva kwefilimu "yeKrisimesi kunye nabalahleleyo" (2004), umsebenzi waseMelika wayeka ukuzibuza iHollywood. UGrisham wazama ukuhlala kwintsapho kwaye wabhala imeko yantlandlolo yefilimu "Mickey" malunga nomdlali we-baseball eneminyaka eli-12. Lo mfanekiso, nangona kunjalo, awuzange ubachukumise abaphulaphuli: Iindleko zemali zibalwe kuphela kwi- $ 294 kuphela yamawaka kwibhajethi ye- $ 6 yezigidi.
Ubomi Buqu
UBhistu kaJohn Grisha akazange aphumelele kunokuba ngumsebenzi woncwadi. Nge-8 kaMeyi 1981, umbhali waphinda waphinda wafika kwinkosikazi yakhe. Abantwana ababini bazalwa emtshatweni: Intombi yakhe Shi kunye nonyana Tai. Inkwenkwana yasizuza njengelifa utata woMoya, idlala i-baseball yeyunivesithi yaseVirginia.
Intsapho inamaqela aliqela, kubandakanya i-cottage kwi-US Best yase-US e-US - kwi-ferin, iFlorida. Indlu ikwindawo efanelekileyo kwi-Britney Spears kunye neCheryl Crow.
UJohn Grisham ngoku
Ukongeza kwiincwadi zokubhala, i-Grisks, kwaye ngoku ilungu leBhodi yaBalawuli beProjekthi yeNevinost, ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esibanjelwe ngokungafanelekanga ngenxa yokuhlalutya okungafanelekanga ngenxa ye-DNA ngokungekho mthethweni. Ukuxhasa le projekthi, iqela elalisakuba semthethweni laphawula ukuba ekuzinzinyele kuhlaluthwe ngeziphene, kwaye kufuneka ukuphinda.
Umbhali uchasile isohlwayo sentambo kwaye siqwalasele izigwebo zentolongo ezilungiselelwe yinkqubo yezobulungisa yase-US. Njengomzekelo, wakhokelela "ulutsha" ulutsha oludla ngokubambisa iziyobisi ukuze ufumane imali yokufumana imali ngesonka, kwaye abo bajonga iphonografi. I-Grisham ibhenele kwinto yokuba ayingabo bonke abaphulaphuli be-porn yabantwana kufuneka babe ziimitha. Imbono enjalo yagxekwa luluntu, yaye kamva umbhali wawashiya amazwi akhe kwisithuba se-facebook.
I-basemar yaseMelika yaseMelika njengomdlali, kodwa iyaqhubeka nokulandela umdlalo. Ngo-1996, wachitha i-3.8 i- $ 3.8 yezigidi yokwakhiwa kwesikolo se-baseball yabantwana kwi-Oxford, kwaye ikwaxhasa iqela le-cavalier, kwaye lixhamla iqela le-caliersville, eVirginia.
I-Bibliography
- 1989 - "Lixesha lokubulala"
- Ngo-1991 - "uqinile"
- Ngo-1993 - "Umxhasi"
- 1998 - "Igqwetha"
- Ngo-2000 - "i-blackmail"
- Ngo-2001 - "Indlu epeyintiweyo"
- Ngo-2004 - "i-jury yokugqibela"
- Ngo-2012 - "Racketyr"
- 2014 - "intaba engwevu"
- Ngo-2017 - "ISiqithi saseCamno"
- Ngo-2017 - "Scam"
- Ngo-2018 - "ukubuyela umva"
I-filmography
- Ngo-1993 - "uqinile"
- Ngo-1993 - "Imeko ye-Pelicans"
- 1994 - "Umthengi"
- Ngo-1996 - "Ixesha lokubulala"
- 1996 - "Ikhamera"
- 1997 - "UMPENTU"
- Ngo-2003 - "Indlu epeyintiweyo"
- Ngo-2003- "ukugwetywa kwemali"
- Ngo-2004-"Mickey"
- Ngo-2004 - "IKrisimesi enolahlekileyo"