Biography
I-Yaroslav i-garhek-Umbhali waseCzech, owazisa incwadi ethi "I-Adventres yejoni elinesibindi". Kwinoveli ye-watirical, wachaza ezona ngxaki zibalulekileyo kwinkulungwane, eyenza balula ngokuqonda kwabantu ababephila ngexesha lemvelo kunye nabantakwabo.
I-Yaroslav i-garhek yazalelwa ePrague nge-30 ka-1883. Umbhali wayenomzalwana, uBogov, ovela kwiminyaka emi-3 kamva. Intsapho yavela kuhlobo lwakudala. Utata wakhwela, uYosefu, wasebenza njengotitshala wegqirha kunye nemathematics. Utat'omkhulu womama waseKaterzhin wayesekela-paryer yePalamente emva kohlaziyo lwe-1848. Abazali badibana kwidolophu ekuthiwa yiPise kwaye emva kweminyaka eli-13 emva kokuba intlanganiso itshatile.
Intsapho yafudukela ePrague. Akunakwenzeka ukuyibiza ngokukhuselekileyo. Utata wosapho wazama ukhathalela ingomso kwaye wazama ukubonelela abantu obathandayo. Ukusuka kubugwenxa, wayelikhoboka lokusela. Amadoda amanqwa amadoda awakwazi ukuThengisa: Umsebenzi wawufuneka ukuba uYosefu akazange aphile. Ukunyamekela abantwana balele emagxeni kamama, ababezama ukufumana umvuzo welinen.
Kwakungekho lula ukuhlawula indawo yokuhlala esusiweyo, ke uGambeki wayehlala ehamba. Kuchaphazele ukusebenza kweYaroslav esikolweni. Kwiminyaka emi-2 yokuqala emva kokwamkelwa kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, inkwenkwe yayingumfundi ogqwesileyo, kwibanga lesi-4 waba ngumsebenzi wowesibini, kwaye emva kokufumana izifundo zakhe kwaphela. Ngo-1897, iSikolo seSikolo sezolo sasiphakathi kweempindo ezazingena kwizitrato zasePrague. Wabamba amapolisa.
Lo ndoda yayingeyondlela yakulula ukuyifumana ebomini. Sishiywe esikolweni, akazange afumane umsebenzi. Kangangexesha elithile, i-Yaroslav yayisebenza njengomncedisi kwivenkile yoochwephesha. Kwiminyaka yee-1899-M, uHashek wangena kwiZiko loRhwebo, lagqiba kwelokuba aphumelele ngo-1902. Ukuba noqeqesho oluphelileyo, lo mfana wayeyazi iilwimi zasePoland neJamani, isiHungary nesiFunga nesiFunga.
Ndikunye nabahlobo bakaYan Chiktonom kwaye uViktor ungene, wachitha iholide yokuqala eSlovakia. Uthathe uhambo olulandelayo kwinkampani eTatra. Iidrives zadlala indima yokugqibela kubomi be-gashek. Umfana waqala ukwenza amabali okuqala aze abhale izincoko.
Umsebenzi wombhali wavela kwiGazethi kaZwelonke. Imiboniso yabo, icandelo elihlekisayo kunye nenkathalo yemifanekiso. Italente etyumkileyo ye-garhek yayicacile eluntwini. Ukuwa kuka-1902, i-Yaroslav i-ishek yaba ngumqeshwa weBhanki yaseSlavia. Umphefumlo onemvukelo wombhali wacela inkululeko, ke umbhali ubalekele kwinkqubo kwaye uyeke. Wajoyina abavukeli baseMakedoni, xa intshukumo yenguqu ivela kwiiBalkan ngo-1903.
Malunga nonyaka, i-Yaroslav yahamba eSlovakia, ePoland neRiphabliki yaseCzech, apho kuvela khona amaxesha ngamaxesha ukubanjwa kwevagabond. Ukubuyela ekhaya, wayengaziwa. Umfana osemlizweni ongenamda wasela i-squirrel, ehlafuna icuba kwaye watshaya. U-Hashek wavakalisa ukuba wayenguAdorchist kwaye wazinza ukuze asebenze kwimagazini, e-Omladin ". Ukuhambisa amaphephandaba emigodini kwaye, yenza ukuba umntu wokuqala, uye eJamani. Emva konyaka, waphinda wagqibela kwidolophu yakhe.
Ngo-1905, i-Yaroslav I-Hashek yayiphakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba besangqa sencwadi ebhaliweyo, eyapapasha eli phephancwadi i-Beles "lanamhlanje". Isahluko sakhe sasingumzala wentatheli ye-novice kunye nepolisa elithile. Imvakalelo yokuhlekisa i-Yaroslav yaxabisa ngokukhawuleza abafundi kunye noogxa bakhe. Amanqaku embalelwano avela kwamanye amaphephandaba nakwiimagazini.
Ukusukela ngo-1906 ukuya ku-1915, i-Galhek yayingummeli oqhelekileyo weBohemiya waseYurophu, owayehlala rhoqo kwimali kunye nokungabikho kwentembelo kwixesha elizayo. Ngo-1909, waba ngumhleli wephephancwadi "ihlabathi lezilwanyana", apho intlawulo, ukongeza kwimirhumo, ifumene iongezelelo engama-30 Zł kunye neelitha ezimbini zebhiya ngemini. Kumhleli weposi, i-Yaroslav yahlala iminyaka emi-2.
Ngo-1911, iqhawe laqala kwavela kumaphepha ezimilelo ezihlekisayo ze "Goroker" kunye "neCarcourtour", emva koko kwazisa umhlaba emhlabeni. Amabali ama-5 malunga nejoni sncwekka yapapashwa apha. Kwiminyaka yoo-1912-m, i-gashek yakhutshwa ingqokelela yamabali abizwa ngokuba "ngumgwebi we-schfeik kunye nezinye imbali ezimangalisayo."
Inkonzo yezelizwe
Ebusika, umbhali we-1915th wabiza umkhosi. Ukohlwaya oomohlwaya kunye nokungabikho kwamandla okuqhuba imisebenzi kukhokelela kwinto yokuba ekwenzeni kwakhe kwaloo nyaka wayethathwa ngabantu ababanjiweyo. I-Shasi yawa enkampini ekuqaleni kiev, kwaye emva koko yayiphantsi kukaSamara.
Ngo-1916, umbhali wajoyina i-Remolontiyeer kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-2 wayelilungu lepati yeBolshevik. I-Czech ngobuzwe, i-SEHEKI ijongene nokungabi nangqondo ukulwa nokulwa nezibonelelo zeOstriya. Wayesebenza kwi-Polytotel yangaphambili yaseMpuma kwaye kunye nomkhosi waya eIrkutsk. Ukuthwala inkonzo, umbhali wapapasha izincoko ezikwicala langaphambili lemigca.
Ngo-1920, i-Yaroslav i-gaskeque ikwazile ukubuyela ekhaya. Ngokwamaxwebhu ebanjwa lase-Austrian, wemka eMoscow wafika ePrague. Ngoku isiyobisi sotywala sixhaswe ngu-Azar woBomi, kodwa ukuqonda komthwalo wakhe. Umbhali uvuselelwe ezantsi kwezentlalo. Iqhawe laliza kuhlangula, lakhiwe ngaphambi kokuqala komkhosi. Ukusuka ePrague kwi-lypnice, umbhali waqala ukubhala imisebenzi emitsha.
Iincwadi
Abantu bathi umbono wejoni elihlekisayo uSchuk lafika kwi-garkece e-Kabhachea, xa wayezimamela iibhayisikile zeqabane elishiyiweyo elishiyileyo. Umfanekiso we-satirical uthathe indlela efanelekileyo yokucinga, kwaye ibali "I-olukh kwiNkampani" lavela ehlabathini, elinegama lesibini elithi: "Ijoni elinegama elisesidenge."
Ukuqonda ubomi kwi-prism yokuhlekisa, umbhali wenza imisebenzi kule mveni. Ngo-1911 wabizwa ngokuba ngumbhali waseCzech waseCzech. I-Yaroslav equngqutha i-120 yee-humers kunye ne-flechens kwaye iqhubeke nokuncedisa ijoni lejoni lemisitho ngezibakala neziganeko ezinomdla. I-Hadhek ihlekisa imikhosi, inkohlakalo yomkhosi, ihlazo elihambelana nalo msebenzi.
Ubukho bomkhosi kwiingxelo zakhe kubonakala ngathi azibalulekanga kwaye azibalulekanga. Ke i-gaschad inike isiseko sexesha, apho wayenethuba lokudala. I-barberary intandary kunye nembali eyazalwa evela kwibhayiloji yombhali, "idlula ngamapolisa, ubuntatheli, icawe, icawe, ilizwe elahlukileyo.
Imifanekiso echazwe kwisincoko malunga nejoni le-schweyt, lisebenza nanamhlanje, kuba abalinganiswa bafumanekileyo kwimikhosi yamazwe ahlukeneyo nasehlabathini liphela. Njengesiganeko ezahlukeneyo senzekile kubomi bombhali, iqhawe lakhe latshintsha. Ukusuka kwisidenge kwaye kuphiuphike, waba sisiphuli-mthetho kunye nesimo, egculela ngaphezulu kwengqolowa.
Ukupapashwa kwencwadi akuzange kuzisa imeko ye-Galhek imeko yezemali, ngoko ke wayephazanyiswa ngamabali kunye nokudala amabali kunye namanqaku ohlelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ubomi Buqu
Intombazana egama linguYaroslav i-Gahek yaba lonyulwe i-Yaroslav Maineev, awayedibana nabo ngo-1900s. Abazali baseCzech babechasene nombhali owayengenalo nomhlaba oqinileyo wezinto. Babengavumelekanga ukuba badibane de abafundi bafumane umsebenzi kwaye abayi kuqalisa ukukhokela indlela efanelekileyo yokuphila.
Iimvakalelo zityhalele indoda ukuba isebenze: waba ngumhleli wephephancwadi "ilizwe lezilwanyana". Kwiveki kamva, utata wentombazana wavuma umtshato. Yarmil iqonda ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni. Indoda yayingumntu wokudala, ke umfazi wamnceda emsebenzini. Ubhale phantsi kwegama, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha agqibe imisebenzi engafezekanga.
I-Galhek yayingengomntu ongumzekelo ongumzekelo. Kungekudala waphinda wadlula kwiKabhaki. Emva kokushiya eli phephancwadi "Ilizwe lezilwanyana", umbhali akafumananga umsebenzi osisigxina. Wazama ukuba ngusomashishini, evula inkampani yokuthengisa izinja kunye nokukhupha ii-mongrels ezingenakhaya kubantu abanolwazi.
Kungekudala iofisi yafumana imithetho, kwaye imali yosapho yaya kuhlawula umsebenzi wamagqwetha. Utata yarmal wanyanzelisa uqhawulo-mtshato, kodwa wayekhulelwe. Ngo-1912, kwazalwa unyana kaRichard. Emva kwexesha elithile, yarmil yanikezela ekuphenduleni kwabazali kwaye yashiya iqabane, kodwa umsantsa akazange aqinisekiswe ukuba abhalwe.
Ngo-1919, kukhanya okutsha kwavela kubomi be-Yaroslav i-garhek: Alexander Gavrilova. Wadibana nentanda kwindlu yokuprinta e-UFE. Umtshato wabhaliswa ngo-1920 eKrasnoyarsk. UAlexandra wayengazi ngomsebenzi we-Yaroslav kunye neziqulatho zotywala ezingabonakaliswanga eRussia. Ibuyile, kunye nememori yeqabane langaphambili, eyabhala iileta, imbiza ukuba ibe yinkosikazi.
Ukufa
Ukubuyela kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseCzech, uYaroslav Hashekka wangqubana nenyaniso yokuba wayethathwa njengommangaliso, kwaye amapolisa akhokelele. Ubomi bombhali bobuqu baxoxwa kuyo yonke indawo: Waqwalaselwa kabini, njengomtshato kunye neyakhawulezile ayizange inyibilikise ngokusemthethweni. Ngo-1922, kunye noAlexandra Yaroslav wafumana izindlu nomhlaba kwiSixeko saseLipnice. Ngamaxesha athile, watyelela iPrague, kodwa rhoqo wayesekhaya, apho wakhawuleza wafumana khona udumo kunye nokuthandwa phakathi kwendawo.
Iingxaki zempilo zaqala kumbhali emva kokuba ebuye eRashiya, kodwa akazange anamathisele ukubaluleka koku. Iingcinga ngelo xesha zazihlala encwadini. I-Yaroslav i-gashashki iswelekile nge-3 kaJanuwari, 1923, ngaphandle kokusinda ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-40. Unobangela wokufa yayiyinto yokukhubazeka kwentliziyo. Ingcwaba lombhali ikwindawo yokucingela yamangcwaba, ecaleni komngcwabo wokuzibulala. Umbhali wayexolelwe ngaphandle kwesiko lecawa.
Emva kokusweleka kwe-gashek, umyeni wafumana amatyala omyeni. Kodwa ngokuthanda kwetyala, bekunganyanzelekanga ukuba idibane nentlawulo yabo. Amabali malunga nejoni sncweke ngequbuliso yaqala ukuzisa imali.
Imisebenzi ye-Galhek yayikwimfuno, kwaye imirhumo yaqala ukuthumela kwiimpapasho ukuba isebenzisane nombhali. Umfazi wangaphambili kaGashe, wabhekisa kuyo amalungelo okuba lifa. Inkundla yamnika kwaye unyana 7/16 evela kuRhulumente, kunye noAlexander 9/16 Ingeniso. Kumtshato wesibini, umbhali akazange avele ukuba abantwana.
Namhlanje, ifoto ka-Iroslav i-i-yarohek ipapashwa kwiincwadi zezifundo zoncwadi, iifilimu zisuswa ngokwemisebenzi yakhe, kwaye iikowuko ezivela kwiincwadi zombhali zahlulwa. E-bulbulma kunye ne-lipnice kukho iimyuziyam ezivulekile kwimemori yombhali.
Iikowuti
"Kwindlu ephambeneyo, wonke umntu unokuthetha yonke into evuka entlokweni yakhe, ngokungathi ePalamente." Ukuthozama kuyabanxibisa indoda, kodwa i-hangover yokuziphatha ayinxibi.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1903 ukuqokelelwa kwemibongo "kungakhwaza"
- Ngo-1912 - Ingqokelela ye "PAYD PANKCRAC"
- Ngo-1912 - I-Adventures "yamaRoma" yeHlabathi yeBrava ye-Schfeik kunye nezinye imbali ezimangalisayo "
- Ngo-1913 -Ukuthobela "Isikhokelo sokusithoba" kubangaphandle kunye nezinye iziture "
- Ngo-1915 - Ingqokelela ye-Satnyric "izinja zam zokurhweba"
- Ngo-1920-Ingqokelela "amabali amabini"
- Ngo-1921 - Ukukhethiswa ngamadoda amathathu,
- Ngo-1921 - Ukuqokelelwa kwe-Pepachek amatsha kunye namanye amaBali
- Ngo-1922 ukuqokelelwa kwengqungquthela yoXolo kunye nokuHlawula "