URobert Burns - Ifoto, imibongo, yebhayiloji, ubomi bomntu, unobangela

Biography

Imbongi yaseScotland ye-XVIII yenkulungwane ye-Xviii iFrens yangena kwimbali yoncwadi lwehlabathi njengomntu wabantu bakhe. Ukuhamba kwentsapho yinto nje ehle kakhulu, ukuzinikela kwimibongo yobomi bakhe bonke: u-Oya ukuya kumhlaba wakhe wokuzalwa, ubudenge kunye nokungazi, uwabambe ngononophelo i-scotklore. Umsebenzi wokutshisa, njengegama lakhe, uyaziwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye eRashiya ubuhle bemvano-siphelo yakwazi ukuvavanya i-JumUb Yakovvich Marshak Marshak marshak marshak.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

URobert Burns wazalwa nge-25 kaJanuwari, 1759 kwilali yokuvumela, eyrsshir County. Utata wenkwenkwe wayenguFayim William eRles, owayethabatha intombi ka-Agnes Brown kumfazi wakhe. Intsapho yayihlala kwindlu yakhe eyakhiwe nguWilliam. Kodwa xa inkwenkwana yaqala iminyaka eyi-7, utata wakhe wathengisa ikhaya yokuhlala ukuze athabathe umhlaba angama-70 abumbeke emhlabeni kwifama e-olimihant, kwaye yonke intsapho yafudukela apho.

Iintsuku ezinzima zeveki iqalile iRobert encinci. Ukuba ngoyena mdala, wanyanzeleka ukuba asebenze kwi-par nabantu abadala, eyayinempembelelo embi kwimpilo yenkwenkwe, ukhule waba buthathaka, kubuhlungu. Ngaphandle koku, abaqwengi basehlala behlwempuzeke kakhulu, abantwana (babesixhenxe) abakwazanga ukuya esikolweni, uBawo ngokwakhe wafunda ulwazi lwabo lokufunda nokubhala.

Izindlu zikaRobert noMzalwan 'uGilbert wokufunda, i-arithmetic kunye neleta, yafundisa imbali kunye neJografi. UAgnes wakhuthaza oonyana bakhe ukuba bafunde, abafana bavuka kwimibongo ye-William Shakespeare noJohn Milton, kodwa imbongi yeRobert Ferguson yaba ngowona mbhali uthandwayo. Kwakhona, inkwenkwe ikwathathela ulwazi nothando lolwimi lweScotland naseFlklore: IiNgoma, iintsomi, iBallads.

Emva koko, abazalwana batyelela isikolo esisezilalini sikaJohn Sullok, wamfundisa isiLatin nesiFrentshi. URobert wafunda kumaziko ahlukeneyo emfundo (kwi-quriple, iKirkkodvald), kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha wanika iiklasi ukuba zincede utata wakhe ngevumba.

Iisampulu zomenta we-poetic yendoda eyenza kwiminyaka eli-15 ukuya kweli-12 phantsi kwempembelelo ye-gusts yothando. Okokuqala ubhala i-viction yam kwintombazana ye-rustic nelli kirkpatrick. Kwaye kwiSikolo saseKirkodvald, udibana ne-Peggy Thompson, eyanikelwa kwimibongo yokuqala "ngoku eWestlin" umoya "kunye" ndiphupha ndilala ".

Ubomi bomntu oselula utshintsha ngo-1777, xa uBawo, i-Castrar, i-Cander yokunyamezela, ifudukele kwifama yaseLokley kufutshane neTarbolton. I-Burlessee yabazalwana iBurnessee yabakho, kunobumnandi bukaYise, ukuba nenxaxheba kubomi behlabathi, babelana ngelali yeSikolo seDayin, seka "Club Club". URobert wathandana nobuhle bendawo uAlison Boyby, kodwa yena, ngaphandle kwengoma ebhaliweyo kwimbeko yakhe, yala le ndoda.

1781 Kubomi bokutshiswa - okhethekileyo: okokuqala, umfana ongena kwi-MASICE YOROOR MARIKRR, eguqukayo nge-richard, wayesazi kakhulu umdla onomdla iinyani. UBrown wasomeleza ukholo lweScotland, wamkela njengembongi. Ngo-1784, uTata uyatsha wasweleka, kwaye waphela uyolo lomfana.

Imibongo

Ithengise phantsi kwifama, abazalwana bafudukela eMoses. Ngenye imini uRobert, onesidingo esivela kwimfuno, wagqiba kwelokuba apapashe imibongo yakhe ukufumana imali kwaye uye kwi-ESTE India. Ngethamsanqa, umbophelelo wakhembongeni zakhe unentliziyo. Ngo-1786 ukuqokelelwa kwencwadi yokuqala kwakhutshwa "i-Pois: ikakhulu kwiScotland."

Ngokuchasene nokulindelwe kombhali emva komrhumo oqinileyo impumelelo nempumelelo. Imibongo yabancinci, akukho mntu udumileyo wembongi wazichukumisa iintliziyo ze-connoissemhli yohlobo e-Edinburgh. Ngaphambi kokuba kutshiswe (ngoku ubhalisela oku kunqunyulwa), iingcango zehlabathi zehlabathi eliphezulu le-Scott evulekile.

Ukuthandwa kwembongi kuzisa inzuzo engakumbi, imibongo icacisiwe ngaphezulu kwesinye, imvano-siphelo iphazamisa kwizicatshulwa. Imibongo ye-Deeddwant inendawo kwaye i-satire, kwaye ithandane, kunye ne-ading. Ubhalela ulwimi olufikelelekayo, amaphunga ngobomi kunye nomntu wemihla ngemihla, malunga nohlobo lweScotland, malunga nothando oluhluphekayo, malunga neeholide zovuyo.

Umbhali uba yindwendwe elithandayo kwiiSalon zoncwadi kunye nokuhlwa. Ngo-1787, imeko ye-Bard Caledonia yamkela intlanganiso ye-MAPTIP enkulu yaseScotland. Nangona kunjalo, inzala yempangelo ihamba kancinci, inesithukuthezi kakhulu kwaye itshiswe. Ukongeza, ngokokwakhelwa kwakhe, waziva isimo sengqondo sokungazithembi ngenxa yemvelaphi yakhe ye-peas. Ngo-1788, imbongi ibuyela kwilali, apho itshata khona intombazana yakhe ithandekayo.

Ngo-1789 ufumana isikhundla segosa elimnandi. Ngokuhambelana, isebenza "kwimyuziyam yomsitho wemyuziyam yomculo, qokelela izicatshulwa kunye neengoma ezivela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ehlekisayo ebonakala ngathi iyathandeka. Lo msebenzi wenza ukuba ugcine iLifa leLifa leLizwe laseScotland.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwenkonzo kunye nomsebenzi woluntu, iRobert Burns ashiye ipeni. Ngeli xesha, imbali yakhe ibhala imisebenzi enjalo "oda inikezelwe kwimemori kaNkskz Osvald" (1989), "I-O'Chenter" (1790). Ngo-1793, ihlelo lesibini lokutyiwitywa kwemibongo kwimibongo emibini yapapashwa e-Edinburgh. Ngeli xesha, umbhali sele egula kakhulu: Uyanda ehlasela intliziyo kwaye etyhafile.

Ngo-1795, indoda ibhala umbongo "intlupheko enyanisekileyo", apho umntu umntu ucelomngeni kugcinwe khona. Lo msebenzi uye wayokugqibela emsebenzini weRobert Burns. Imbongi yabantu ye-Scotland ishiye inkcubeko yelifa le-Test Liveli: I-500 imibongo kunye neengoma ezingama-300.

Oku kwamkelwa kokutsha, njengetalente yokwenene, eyamkelwa emva kokuba ifile. Ubuhle obukhulu bomsebenzi wakhe bufundile wonke umhlaba ngenxa yokudlulisela kwiilwimi ezininzi zehlabathi. I-gorit enkulu koku yomfundi waseRussia yeyombongi yabantwana uSamuweli yakovvich marshak. Waguqulela abantwana besikolo ngombongo "weentaba zentliziyo yam", "uJohn Barley Reraley" namakhulu e-Ardey.

Ubomi Buqu

Ubomi bobuqu be-bioet enkulu i-biographe yahluleka iincwadi ezahlukeneyo - i-purns yayidume eluthandweni kwaye ishiyele inani elibonakalayo labantwana abangapheliyo. Ngokudibeneyo kunye neendlalifa ezisemgangathweni, inani labo laliyi-12, bonke bazalelwa abafazi abali-4. Imbongi yayilungile- imizobo egciniweyo idlulisela umtsalane wobuso bakhe - nasebutsheni bakhe yaqala ukuncama iintliziyo zamantombazana.

Intombi yakhe yokuqala eyazalelwa uElizabhete xa utata wayeneminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Wanikwa intombazana yaseBetty Peyton. URobert waqonda le ntombazana, kodwa uBetty wamlahla, kwaye umntwana wakhulisa oodadewaba nonina bembongi. Lo mfo wagwetywa elalini, kwaye nangona babevumela inkonzo yecawa, kodwa banyanzelwa ukuba bahlale kwi-"jika".

Nangona kunjalo, yayingesifundo esitshayo. Ukudanisa esisemaphandleni, uyadibana nococeko olumnandi lwesixhobo seJin Armor - intombi yomphathi osisityebi. Umfana oselula ngoko nawo ngoko nawo ngoko nangoko athandana kwaye ngokoqobo iindinyana (abaninzi baya kuthi emva koko bangene kwiqulanti yakhe yokuqala). Ngo-1786, uJin wakhulelwa waza wazala amawele. Emva ekhoyo kwikhosi yokukhulelwa, ekhulayo waqukumbela umtshato oyimfihlo. Kodwa utata wentombazana yeza emngxunyeni waza warhoxisa uxwebhu. Wayengonelisekanga ngumngqibi, ngaphandle konyana ovuthuzayo.

URobert wakhubekisa uRobert wayefuna intuthuzelo kwiingalo zikaMary Campbell, kodwa kungekudala wasweleka eTifa. Emva kokuba egcwele i-Amural Advents yobomi e-Edinburgh, intliziyo yaseScotland yabuya kwilali sele iphindwe kathathu nguyise, i-vetropolitan yakhe ye-jenny yazala unyana, eyabizwa ngokuba nguRobert. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, inenekazi lesine elanike lona umntwana, intombi kaBetty, uye waba yipaki ethile ethile.

Ngo-1788, uRobert wayesatshata i-jin isikroba, owayenguyise kayise emva koko wakhutshwa endlwini, owayengumfazi oqhelekileyo. Lilonke, uJin wazala ukuba atshise abantwana abayi-9, abali-6 kwabo babesebuntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, njengabaphathi bebhayibi babhala, URobert akazange ashiye inkanuko yokukrexeza kude kube sekupheleni kobomi.

Ukufa

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bembongi yaphawulwa sisidingo esomeleleyo, kwaye yena ngokwakhe wayenza buthathaka sisifo sentliziyo, ethi "Ifumene" Kubuntwana bakhe kwifama, sihlala ingozi kwaye sisebenza nzima. Ngo-1796, wafudukela eDamfresis waza wajoyina indawo yokuzithandela yomlindi wengingqi. Nantsi indoda kwaye isweleke ngoJulayi 21, 1796.

Ukufa kwavela kwiRheumokardditis. Ukutshisa kwakuyiminyaka engama-37 ubudala. I-scotman edumileyo yangcwatywa eDamfis ngezukiswa ezinkulu.

Kwinkumbulo yembongi, abalandeli babhiyozela usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe - Ngomhla wama-25 kuJanuwari-obizwa ngokuba "sisidlo sangokuhlwa", ezibandakanya i-haggis ", yaxabana nombhali.

Iikowuti

"Sukufa iintliziyo,Yintoni ethengiswayo '"kubuhlobo obuqatha, amandla ethu.

Ubuhlobo nozuko lwendumiso nendumiso "" "Sifumana uvuyo kwindlela.

Ngolonwabo lwethu

Iyanyamalala - kwaye ifumane

Ayikho kumandla ethu "kodwa kungcono ukusebenza phambi kolwandiso,

Ngaphezu kobomi bobomi obungalunganga "

Umbongo

• "Intliziyo Yam ezintabeni"
• "Uzuko"
• "Robin"
• "Kwakukho umlimi othembekileyo utata"
• "Intlupheko Enyanisekileyo"
• "UJohn Barleclern"
• "I-Oda Scottish Pudding" haggis "
• "I-Meerdars"
• "Umtshakazi one-dowry"