Biography
UYaka Kupala yimbongi yesizwe yaseBelasus, inkwenkwe "ye-poeem" ephefumlelweyo "ephefumlelweyo ye-pilot garigarin yoloyiso lwe-cosmos. Yena, ukuba baninzi ababhali bamaxesha eSoviet, bandenzakala kwiGunya, ngaphezu kokuba baphelelwe ngumsebenzi wokufa. Ukufa ngokuzinzileyo kwe-KPala kusesisizathu sokuphanda ababhali-mbali kunye nokugxeka koncwadi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Yanka Kupala (igama lokwenyani - Ivan Dominicovic Lutsevich) wazalwa ngoJulayi 7, 1882 kwidolophana Belarusian ka Khpanka usapho Dominica Onufrievich kunye Benigne, Ivanovna (in Majorch). Abazali, abalandeli beCawa yamaRoma Katolika, babiza uNyana ukuba bazukise umprofeti ongumKristu uYohane umbhaptizi.
Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kukaLutschi-hlasa kwinkulungwane ye-Xvisi: Emva koko utat'omkhulu wembongi bangene kuhlobo lweLithuania lase-Lithuvilov emhlabeni we-radivilov emhlabeni. Kwakuyimfuneko ukuhlawulela i-nonic yakhe kwi-onibrievich, abathi, nangona bengabalilungu lelungelo elinelungelo, babengumlingane oqhelekileyo. Wanika imali enkulu ithuba lokukhokela uqoqosho.
U-Ivan wanceda utata wakhe ukuba ngumsebenzi, kodwa ulawulo loqoqosho aluzange luthintele imbongi yexesha elizayo ngo-1898 ukuya kwisikolo sabantu baseBelarusia.
UDominic no-Benthulu bandise abantwana abayi-8: Abantakwabo Ivan - uAnton, oodade abahlanu - uSabina, uGelen, eLokadia, igama lalingelilo elibekiweyo. Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1902, usapho lwahlala lungenalo umsundla, kwazanye neenyanga ezintandathu kamva, bonke oodade baseIvan noMzalwana bagula. ICacemere, uSabina noGelena basweleka.
Indima yendoda enkulu kusapho yavumela i-lucevich ukuba iphephe umkhosi. Kumaxwebhu esibheno ango-1903 kukho iKhadi le-Ivan, ngokwendlela awayenokufumana kuyo kwinkampu yesibini ye-borisriovsky yedolophu ye-censa-sloboda. Wamiselwe ukuba ungene emkhosini kuphela ngo-1916, kwisahlulo sokwakhiwa kwendlela.
I-poot's biography ayinakubizwa ngokuba ilula. Kwanasebutsheni bakhe, uIvan kwakufuneka abe noxanduva kwintsapho yonke. Usebenze kwisityalo esibonakalayo, wacoca izitrato, amaphetshana asasazekileyo - wathatyathwa kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi woodade bobabini noodade bobabini nomama.
Ngo-1904, umzukulwana kaJapan kaIvan Vasily (Yanika) welochinsky eqinisekisile uBhelegena ukuba unyana wakhe ufanele ukuba aphile ubomi bakhe. Le ndoda yathembisayo ukuba inyamekele usapho lwaseLutise. Waligcina iLizwi - tshata noMariya, uDade ivan, waba ngumnini ndlu. U-Ivan wafudukela eMinsk, apho i-veraing yakhe yoncwadi ifihlakele ngombala opheleleyo.
Iincwadi kunye neencwadi
U-Ivan waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe ePoland - imigca yokuqala yaveliswa kwimagazini ingamapheli "ngo-1903 phantsi ko-1903 phantsi kwePseudiny K ,. NgoJulayi 15, 1904, umbongo wetyala wapapashwa ulwimi lweBelaussia "Isabelo sam", kunye nepapasho kwi-Enter-West Emen-West Emben Edge, imisebenzi "ye-1905) yaqala ukukhwela imbongi eluzuko.
Kwangelo xesha, kwasekwe amaphephandaba okuqala asemthethweni kulwimi lwaseBelarius - "isabelo sethu" kunye "ne-niva yethu. Kushicilelo lwesibini ngo-1907, umbongo "Kospla" wapapashwa, owaphawula isivuno saseIvan, esaziwa ngokuba yiYaka Kupala, kwitywina likazwelonke.
I-Pseundenym yank kupala yenziwa kwi-Belarusian yegama elithi ivan kunye negama leholide. Ngokwemiqondiso, ukuba intyatyambo yefern, indoda eyamfumanayo ifumana ukuba ifumane ubutyebi bokomoya nezothando ebusuku eIvan Kupala. UKesevic wayefuna ukubafundi ngentyatyambo eyonwabileyo.
Ngo-1908, imibongo yombhali waseBelausia wadityaniswa kwingqokelela ye-Dedout ye "Duddochka". Impapasho yazisa iingxaki zokuqala kwabasemagunyeni: IKomiti yeePiterburg ngeeMicimbi yeMicimbi yeMicimbi yangaphakathi ibhengeza incwadi ye-Anti-State, ihluthwe, kwaye umbhali wabanjwa. Kungekudala imbongi yayikhululekile kwaye kwangoko yashiya i-ofisi yoHlelo lephephandaba i-DIAT ", ukuze sizimisele ukuba imbeko yobunkokeli.
I-Petersburg iboniswe nge-Belausian eluncedo ekuthandaneni ne-poets yudub kolas kunye ne-valery bryosussov. I-bryosus yimbongi yokuqala eguqulela imibongo yamahlaya kwisiRashiya. Ngo-1910, kwaselapapapashwa kwengqokelela yesibini yemibongo "hurr", emva koko uzibandakanya ngokusondeleyo kwimidlalo yokubhala. UKupala wema kwimvelaphi yokuyilwa kwethiyetha yaseBelarusian. Lo mbongo "Ingoma yanaphakade" kunye nedrama "lala eKurgan", ebhalwe kunyaka omnye, usangena kwiNgxowa-mali yeBhukuma yeBelarus.
Iperile yokwenene ithathwa njengeyona midlalo ihlekisayo "Pavlinka" (1912) malunga nentombazana enyula umyeni ngokuchaseneyo nezithintelo zabazali. Indima ephambili yenziwa yi-Yankee yokuqala ye-Yankee Peacock Madylka. Ngo-1913, imbongi yabhala i-Autobiographical Drama "iqabane elihlanganisiweyo" malunga nosapho, olahlekileyo kwipropathi kunye nomhlaba. IYaka Kupala uthe:
"Ndityala okona kulungileyo kulo mdlalo, obekwimibongo yam kunye neproses."Kwangalo nyaka omnye ukuqokelelwa kwemibongo 'yobomi obutofotofo "uphume. Ukunqongophala kwempendulo engalunganga kubuchule kuvunyelwe uYanke ukubuyela emsebenzini kwi-niva yethu, ngo-Epreli 1914 wathabatha isikhundla somhleli oyintloko.
Ukusekwa kweSoviet Union kutshintshisela i-vector ye-KNAPS. Umzekelo oqaqambileyo yayiyi-Tragicdy "yengingqi" (1922). Uxela ngendoda ezama ngazo zonke izinto zazo zokuziqhelanisa neemeko zokuphila ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iguqukele. Ngokutsho kwabasemagunyeni, umsebenzi wayenomthunzi ongalunganga, kwaye ngo-1927, umdlalo wawuvaliwe.
Umxholo wokutshintsha ubekho kuzo zonke iindlela zombongo wombhali, ukuya kwimfazwe yemfazwe enkulu. Ngenxa yoku, ubudlelwane phakathi kweYankee, abasemagunyeni kunye noshicilelo olunamandla. Ngo-1930, imbambano yafikelela kwi-Apogee. Le ndoda yayityholwa ngobuzwe, ichazwe kumbalelwano kunye nombutho wenkululeko yesizwe yaseBelasus. Ukwenzakala rhoqo kunye nokuncinwa kwamaxesha acofe imbongi ukuze uzibulale.
Kwinqaku lokuzibulala, elibhekiswe kwiNtloko yoRhulumente we-BSSR, uAlexander Cyakov, uYwank Kupaela wabhala:
"Kanye ngaphambi kokuba umntu athi, Andizukubakho nakuphi na ukuba nakuphi na umbutho wolwalathiso kwaye ayizukuba njalo. Ingabonwa, isabelo esinjalo seembongi. Hlela i-Yenkenin ngokwakhe, mayyavsky waphosa i-Fe, kakuhle, kwaye ndinendlela eya kuzo. "Umzamo wokuzibulala, owenziwe ngoNovemba wama-22, 1930, akazange afumane isithsaba. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba apapashe ileta evulelekileyo awavumayo kuye isono ethatyanya kwakhe kwaye akazange athembise ukuphindaphinda iimpazamo.
Emva kweGeraties Exuties, abasemagunyeni bagcina i-yanke yedolophu yokuphumla. Ngapha koko, ngo-1939, imbongi yanikwa i-odolo likaLenin, kwaye ngo-1941, iyeza likaRhulumente we-USSR I-USSR Indide kwicandelo loncwadi, ebizwa ngokuba yipremiyamu ye-stalinist. Ingqokelela "Ukusuka entliziyweni" (Ngo-1940) yayisisizathu sebhaso.
Kwiminyaka yeMfazwe, imbongi yayidume ngombongo "we-belarusian terimans". Umsebenzi owelwe umculo waba ngumhobe wabantu abaphantsi, kunye nemigca yokuqala - "iinxalenye, iinxalenye, abantwana baseBalarusia!" -Usebenza njenge-injini yefowuni "eSoviet Belasus".
Ukongeza kokubhala, uYanka Kupala wabandakanyeka kwiinguqulelo. Enkosi kuye, iimveliso ezingama-92 zababhali abangama-36 ziye zacaca kulwimi lwaseBhelarisi, kubandakanya negama malunga nokuza kwe-igor, "i-copper rider" alexander typkin.
Ubomi Buqu
Igalelo elibalulekileyo kubomi bobuqu kunye nokuyila kukaYupaela wazisa imyuziyam yokuqala - i-Belarusian Askrini Pikentievna Madylka. Ndiyabulela kuye, imibongo "ye-boldavna" kwaye "yena no-Eelsa", "U-Alesya", "Ndiza kuba nothando oluzithwesileyo ..." nabanye.
Abantu abancinci badibana ngo-1909. Italente ye-Peacock inomdla kwimbongi, ngoko ke yanyanzelisa ukuba eyona ndima iphambili kumdlalo "pavlinka" wanikwa yena. Kwaye i-orrecyor ithandile i-Yankees Paijokes isitayile: Kwimifanekiso embalwa kunye nemifanekiso yembongi inokubonwa ukuba wayenxibe inaliti, etshintshe i-cone.
Kwakungekho nethala phakathi kwabantu ababini bokudala, baphefumlelwe omnye komnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzibandakanya kwe-vladislav frantznaya Stansevich ngoJanuwari 1916 yaba yinto engathandekiyo ngepikoko. Umtshato wangeniswa eMoscow kwi-PeSer Petros noPaul.
UYANKA noVladislav bahlala kunye iminyaka engama-26, babengenabo abantwana, nangona babefuna ukamkela intombazana.
Iminyaka eli-18 emva kokusweleka komyeni wakhe, umfazi wayehlala enenkumbulo kanaphakade yentanda yakhe. Nge-25 kaMeyi, ngo-1944, i-Stankevich yavula iMyuziyam yeLizwe Yankee kupaala, esebenza ngoku.
Ukufa
Ukufa ngesiquphe kwembongi yesizwe yaseBelarus kunesityebi kwiinyani ezinomdla, ukusukela kwiimeko zento eyenzekileyo kwaye iphela ngonobangela wokufa. Nge-18 kaJuni, 1942, uYoke Kupasa ubize eMoscow. Kuhambo, wadibana nabahlobo, wabiza umhla wokuzalwa wama-60, waphatha izonkana.Nge-28 kaJuni, ngokomsebenzi wexesha elidlulileyo, imbongi yayiyishiya intlanganiso yendalo, eyayiqhutywa kwihotele yaseMoscow, ngala mazwi: "Ndimzuzu." Emva kwexesha elithile, kwabakho ingxolo eTambour, kwaye iindwendwe zaphuma egumbini. Bafumanise ukuba iYaka Kupala yangena kwisithuba sezitesti ukusuka kwi-10 imigangatho ye-10 kwaye iwele ekufeni. Kwiwotshi yayingama-22: 33.
Kukho iinguqulelo ezi-3 zokusweleka kwembongi: Ithuba, ukuzibulala kunye nokubulala. Ababhali-mbali abaninzi baphatha le yokugqibela. Ngorhatya lwentlekele, imbongi yayikwimeko entle, ingqokelela yakhe yemibongo "ye-Belarusian Touristans" (1942) yaphumelela. Ngapha koko, isihlangu sendoda sahlala kwizitepsi, awayenokuphulukana nomlo. Babona amaNgqina okufa kwembongi kunye nebhinqa elibalekileyo.
I-YAnka Puppy i-girepy, ihanjisiwe kwi-vakagovoky. Ukususela ngo-1962, ingcwaba lakhe likwisithuba kumangcwaba asemzini.
Ukuhlonitshwa kwembongi yesizwe, iyunivesithi, izitrato, izitishi, iitista kunye neelayibrari zithiwe. Ngo-1945, wangenela iMedicamuy "ngenxa yokuzikhusela kweMoscow."
I-Bibliography
Ukuqokelelwa kwemibongo:
- I-1908 - "DudOchka" ("Umthandazo")
- 1910 - "Humar"
- Ngo-1913 - "Ubomi Othandekayo"
- Ngo-1922 - "Ilifa leLifa le"
- Ngo-1925 - "Ungachazwanga"
- Ngo-1930 - "ukuqukuqela"
- Ngo-1936 - "Ingoma yokwakha"
- Ngo-1937 - "Belarusian Belarus"
- Ngo-1940 - "Ukusuka entliziyweni"
- Ngo-1942 - "I-Talarusian I-Talistans"
Imibongo kunye nemidlalo:
- Ngo-1908 - "Kuba ntoni?"
- 1910 - "Lala eKurgan"
- Ngo-1912 - "Pavlinka"
- Ngo-1913 - "iRasky Nest"
- Ngo-1913 - "yena kunye nam"
- Ngo-1922 - "Ingingqi"