Biography
U-Enrico Caruso - I-Italiyane Opera Premer, ethetha ngempumelelo kwiindawo ezilungileyo ze-Europe kunye neMelika ene-prothertoire, yaqala kwiingoma ze-lyric kwi-maria. Ngobomi bakhe, imvumi ekhululwe malunga neerekhodi ezingama-260 ezenziwe ngo-1902 ukuya kwele-1920, ezamkela inyathelo elikhulu lomsebenzi wakhe kwaye ngoku iyaqhubeka nokonwabela ukunandipha okuthandwayo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Enrico Caruso wazalwa nge-25 kaFebruwari ngoFebruwari 1873 kwiNaples yase-Itali kwintsapho engamahlwempu. Wayengunyana wesithathu wabazali abaninzi abasindayo kwasebusaneni. Kwizimbulo ezinikezelwe kubomi bomculi, kwabakho inyani enomdla, eyayise ngawo unina wazala khona abangama-21 abantwana - amakhwenkwe angama-20 kunye nentombazana eyi-20. Le ntsomi, ivakaliswa ngumdibanisi obhinqileyo kwaye abanye babahlobo bakhe, emva koko baqaliswa zii-biographers kunye nabaphandi.
Utata uCaruso, owayesebenza njengomatshini kunye nesonka, ekholelwa ukuba uNyana ufanele abe ngumbulelo wobuchule. Kwiminyaka eyi-11, uEnrico wanikwa abafundi ukuya kwi-injini eyakha imithombo yasezidolophini kwaye watsalela inkwenkwe kule nkqubo.
Xa wayenyanzelisa umama, uCaryussi wayetyelele isikolo kwaye wafumana imfundo esisiseko ephantsi kweliso loMfundisi Wala. Wafunda ukususa iileta kunye neenombolo, wafunda umzobo wobugcisa waza waqalisa ukucula ecaweni yecawa. Ilizwi lenkwenkwe lalilungile kangangokuba yena nabanye bacinga ngento amele ukuyishiya uyilo nolwakhiwo kwaye aqalise umsebenzi womculo.
Umama u-Enrico uxhasa umnqweno woNyana ukuba usebenze. Emva kokubhubha kwakhe ngo-1888, uCaruso wafumana umsebenzi wemvumisi yesitrato eNaples kwaye efumana imali yokuxhasa usapho, waqala ukwenza kwi-cafes yendawo kunye namacala.
Eselula, uTemor wanika iikhonsathi kwiindawo zase-Itali, ezizisa umvuzo olungileyo. Uphumelele ikhondo elinyanzelekileyo lokuqeqeshwa emkhosini, ekupheleni kwayo kwasekwa engqondweni yokuba umculo kuphela kwento awayefuna ukuyenza.
Umculo
Entwasahlobo ye-1895, i-carsosso ikhutshiwe kwinqanaba lemidlalo ye-neapolitan nuovo kwi-opera yomqambi uMario obizwa ngokuba ngu "Amiko Francesco". Emva koko ulandele uthotho lwemidlalo kwimimandla yeNgoma yePhondo, edityanisiweyo nezifundo zelizwi, apho i-Enrico yathatha i-vincenzo lombardri evela kumqhubi wesifundo.
Kwakungekho mali yaneleyo ebomini, njengoko kungqinwa yimvumi kwifoto yentengiso ye-1896 kwibhedi yebhedi, edutyungelwe njengekratshi, njengokuba kuphela ihempe eyayinokuhlamba. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lebhayili yendalo ye-tenonor ngexesha elinye leekonsathi, uKaorazo wayengaphezulu, kuba engakhange ahlawule isigqeba. Esi siganeko satshisa imvumi yokuphila, kwaye wafunga ukuba akaze athethe ekhaya.
Ngo-1900, iqhekeza lekhefu kwi-ensicle. Utyikitye isivumelwano kunye nendlu edumileyo yase-Itali yase-Itali yase-Itali "La Spala" nange-26 kaDisemba, wayenza kwindima yeRodolfo kwi-pucomo puccini. I-Caruso ithathelwe ingqalelo yi-Italital yaseYurophu naseMelika, icela uKumkani ophezulu, kuquka nokusebenza kwabaseTaliyane kwinqanaba le-Marisky eSt.
Indima yokuqala yokuqala yaba ngumphathi weLorira kwi-Opera "uFerdor" i-Uberto Jordano, eyaqala ukwenza kwindawo yemidlalo yaseMilan "ngo-1898. Emva koko wathatha inxaxheba kwikonsathi enkulu kwinqanaba "la spala", elinikezelwe kwinkumbulo yomqambi Giuseppe versi. Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkcazo yayiyeyona nto iphambili yase-Itali yase-Itali yase-Italian Tamano noGiuseppe Borgatti.
Ekupheleni kwekhontrakthi enethiyetha ngo-1902, uCaruso waqesha ukurekhoda iirekhodi, uhambisa umrhumo weepawundi ezili-100. Iidiski ngokukhawuleza zabantamo abalungileyo kwaye zanceda imvumi eselula ukuba idume kwilizwe elithetha isiNgesi. Ngenxa yoko, ubunkokeli beLondon Rover Royal Orsera House Royal Igadi ifumene i-Enrique ixesha lentetho kwimisebenzi ye-8, uSidia "Giuseppe noDon Wolfgang Amade
Ukuhlekwa kweCello kwigadi ye-Concent kwenzeka phakathi kwe-1902 kwindima yeMatntoux kwi "Rigoletto". Iqabane lakhe lelona phulo liphezulu elihlawulelweyo le-Deva Nelly Melba, olincoma izwi lika-Enrique, kodwa wamgculela imvumi engathandekiyo kuno-dade omkhulu welo xesha uJean De Skeke.
Ukubamba ixesha lethiyetha ngo-1902 eLondon, iCarusosdo efudukele eNew York kwaye isayine isivumelwano kunye ne-Operapolitan odumileyo. Kwangelo xesha, i-Pasquale, eyaba yiarhente, eyaba nearhente, inkwenkwe kunye nempembelelo ye-tenor, icwangcise intsebenziswano ye-Enrique nge-periction protoring wist. NgoFebruwari 1904, ingqokelela ye-1 yeengoma, ezazisa ingeniso entle kwikhontraktha ikhutshwe. Kwakurekhodwa "uSanta Lucia", enye yeengoma ezidumileyo ezivela kwi-tenormoire ye-tenor enkulu.
Ukongeza kwii-hangogers rhoqo eNew York, uCaryusdo wanika iikonsathi zedwa kwizixeko zaseMelika naseYurophu. Wahlala eYurophu ngaphambi kokuqala kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, ephindaphindiweyo abuyela kwimeko yegadi ye-Covent igadi njengenxalenye yotyelelo lwaseBritane. Ngo-1906, ngexesha lokhenketho lwegcisa leMetropolitan-opera eSan Francisco, uEnrique wayekwi-epicenten yenyikima. Ngethamsanqa, yena kunye nabantu osebenza nabo azangenzakale, kodwa inkunzi yethiyetha yaphulukana nenxalenye yempahla, izixhaso kunye nendawo entle.
Kwiminyaka evuthiweyo, ilizwi elivakalayo ilizwi le-carusos sethoba, kwaye wafudukela kwingoma ekuphumezeni amaqela e-roic. Imvumi isungule eMzantsi Merika - iArgentina, i-Uruguay kunye neBrazil, yafumana iKhonsathi kwisiXeko saseMexico, wafumana i-10 yamawaka amawaka ekuphela kwentetho eCuba ngo-1920. NgoSeptemba 1920, uCaruso wawugqiba umsebenzi kwisitudiyo, owathi kamva wawusebomini bakhe.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1904, uCaruso wafumana i-varvieus villas e-Itali, ekude neFlorence. Apho waphumla khona ngokwakhe phakathi kwemidlalo. ENew York, imvumi yahlala kwisikwere sehotele yaseManhattan ihotele "iKnickerBocker". Ukuphelisa ubunzima bezemali, u-Enrico wayalela ubugebenga odumileyo weTiffany & CO. I-Co. Imbamba yegolide ehonjiswe ngeprofayili yakhe, eyakhe i-pasquale sime iarhente kunye nomhlobo wakhe.
Ityala elingathandekiyo lenzekile kwi-caruso ngo-1906. Watyholwa ngokuziphatha okubi kakhulu kwinenekazi elitshatileyo kwi-York Ew York Zoo. I-tenor yaphosa ityala kwinkawu ekufuphi, kodwa ke ibanjiwe yahlawuliswa i-RIT ye- $ 10. Kodwa le meko iphantse yabeka izwi lomlindi kunye nokuzinikela Aye wakwazi ukugcina uthando nokuzinikezela kwakhe eluntwini.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, iCairo yayinonxibelelwano ne-Ipera yase-Italiya yase-Italiyane Giachatti, eyayitshatile ne-gino bobti ye-gino bobti. Ngexesha lobudlelwane babo, le ntokazi yazala i-Enrindo yabantwana abane, ababini bafa kwigumbi lokufundela abantwana. UDiva washiya iqabane lakhe waza wazinza endlwini kaTronor odumileyo, kodwa akazange abe ngumfazi wakhe. Iminyaka eli-11 emva kokuqala kwenoveli, isibini sahlukana, kwaye isihogo sazama ukufumana icandelo elibalulekileyo le-Cello State.
Ngo-1918, uEnrique walungiselela ubomi bobuqu, ukutshata i-liolly ye-rorothy park benjamin. Emva konyaka, amaqabane azazalwa intombi kaGloria. Ngexesha lokhenketho, umyeni wakhe nenkosikazi yakhe batshintshiselana ngeeleta ezothando, ezinye zazo zangena kwimemoti ebhalwe nguDorothy emva kokubulawa kwe-carsosdo. Ulwalamano lwabo luzinikele kwifilimu yomculo "i-carusos enkulu", yadutyulwa nguMlawuli waseMelika uRichard Trop ngo-1951. Indima ye-tenor yenziwa ngumlingisi kunye nemvumi mario lance.
Ukufa
Indlela yokuphila eqhubekayo kunye nenkanuko yokutshaya i-ciga yase-Egypt ye-Egypt yenze buthathaka impilo yomthwalo. Ngo-1920, impilo yakhe ishiywe kakhulu ukuba inqweneleka. Ukongeza, ngexesha elinye lekonsathi e-Enrique yawa, bebetha imvumi ukuya kwintsomi yasekhohlo kwaye wonakalisa umva. Emva kwesi sigameko, lo mlinganiso wafunyaniswa ukuba une-Ialcostal kunye ne-bronchitis ye-ronchitis.
Emva kwethuba, uCarezo wayenegazi emqaleni wakhe, kwaye imvumi icinyiwe inani lemisebenzi. Ngo-1921, i-Prosery Shourisy kunye ne-EPHUO zongezwa kuluhlu lwezifo ezifunyenwe yimvumi. Ifumene intengiselwano yesi-7 yokutsala ityhubhu evela kwi-cavity yesifuba kunye nemiphunga, emva koko kwakufuneka kubekho uncedo lwexeshana.
Ngehlobo lowe-1921, uEnrique wabandezeleka ngenxa yentlungu enganyamezelekiyo ecaleni, emva kokuhlola ugqirha weNeapolitan wasekhaya, imeko yakhe yempilo yakhe iphantsi kakhulu. Emva kokubonisana noogqirha baseRoma, kwagqitywa kwelokuba basuse imvumi yezaqhuko lasekhohlo.
UCaruso wema ehotele "Vesuvio" eNaples kwindlela eya kwikliniki enkulu ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti ka-1921. Waba ne-insomnia, wathabatha uMemperhy, waya kuphumla. Ubusuku be-temer akazange aphile, wafunyanwa efile nge-2 ka-Agasti ka-1921. Unobangela wokufa, oogqirha babethabatha i-Peritonitis, abavela kwimvelaphi yethumba le-substris.
I-farewell ukuya kwisiTaliyane enkulu kwaye umsebenzi wakhe wenzeka kwi-Royal basilica yecawa yaseSan Francesco di Paola. Umzimba wayo opholileyo wasindiswa kwiglasi sarquaphage kwi-neapolitan amangcwaba deinpian. Malunga neminyaka eli-15, ibhokisi yebhokisi ivaliwe kwaye ihonjiswe ingcwaba lomfanekiso ngomfanekiso we-madonna.
Umhla wokugqibela wobomi buka-Enrique uzinikele kwimemori "yenkumbulo yeCairo", eyona yaziwa nguLuciano Pavarotti.
Ukuphindaphinda
- I-Vibita.
- I-LA Donna E Mobilie
- O kuphela i-mio.
- I-Torna a rurito.
- I-Santa Lucia.
- I-Vibita.
- I-Amor T vieta.
- O Soove Feciulla.
- Sicilaana.
- Ivacchella