Biography
I-Alisher Navii yimbongi enkulu yaseTurkic, i-ticker, esidlangalaleni kunye noorhulumente be-XIS. Uhambe kwimbali njengombhali obalaseleyo, owabhala kwiPersian (Sfars) kunye neelwimi zaseTurkic. Ndiyabulela kubuchule bokuthetha ubuchule, iNavii bajonga isimo soncwadi lwezizwana ezininzi eziphambili ze-Asiya. Umzekelo, e-Uzbekistan Navii ngumsunguli wolwimi lwesizwe loncwadi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Lymidin rhar Alisher wazalwa ngoFebruwari 9, 1441 eGiet. Ngezo ntsuku, uHerat wayeyikomkhulu laseHorasan (ngoku le ndawo ye-Uzbekistan yanamhlanje kunye ne-Iran) - amaphondo njengenxalenye yeMalinahra, ilizwe elenzelwe ngu-Amir Tim.
Iingxoxo zenzululwazi zisaqhubeka kwimvelaphi ye-Alisher Navoi. Iqwalaselwa ziqwalaselwe kwiinguqulelo ezi-2: ngokokuqala, yinzala ye-Uygor Bakhshi (ngokombhalo wesizwe saseBarlawov, kuka-thuba labantu.
Yiyo loo nto isikhundla esinelungelo likayise - i-hyasdin iKichkin, eyayikhonza njengegosa kwintendelezo yexesha elithile, yayiyindoda ekhanyisiweyo, evela kwindlu efundisiweyo. Umalume omnye u-Alisher wayeyimbongi, yesibini - imvumi kunye ne-calligraphar.
Ukuba ngunyana wentendelezo, inkwenkwe ikhulele ebhotwe yomphathi waseHosashan, apho waba ngabahlobo i-selaravin baikara-umzukulwana kaOmare Sheikh, unyana wesibini kaTire. Emva koko, abahlobo bafunda kunye eGerat's Madrasa, apho bobabini babonisa uthando kwiiSayensi zabaSebenziyo, ngakumbi kwimibongo kunye noncwadi.
Imithombo yolwazi idlulele kwiminyaka eli-15 uAlisher abhale imibongo ebalaseleyo. Omnye wootitshala baseNavii baba yi-Persian Poet-gothiestic, sufi jami. Ngo-1466-1469, umfana oselula onetalente wafunda eMeshadi noMarksand - Ikomkhulu le-Timourid, intanda-bulumko yokufunda, ingcinga kunye nezinye iisayensi. Emva koko ubuyela kwi-herati yakhe ye-heratica ukuba abize umhlobo ka-Hussein Baikre, owo ngelo xesha itrone yeHorace yathatha.
Imisebenzi kaRhulumente
U-Sultan Hersein wakufutshane nomhlobo wakhe amthandayo, nyusela isikimi kwaye unika isihloko sika-Emir ngo-1472. U-Baikara waxabisa italente kunye nobuchule bukaNavi, ofuna ukubeka kwinkonzo. I-Angiyer yaxhasa umlawuli kwiinguqu ezininzi, kodwa eyona nkxaso iqaqambileyo ibonakalisiwe kukuchuma kobomi benkcubeko kaHerati. Kule baikara kwavunyelwana noNavii, yena wabhala imibongo phantsi kwePleundum yeKisaine wakhuthaza imisebenzi yezazinzulu kunye nabantu bokuyila.
Kwakusemva kwe-Navoi eHerata, uNavii, uJavisi), ababhali-mbali (i-Mintind, i-Mindchund, i-Calnumir), amagcisa, amagcisa (Camzidin Behzod) kunye nabanye balungelelaniswa.
Ndikunye no-Naviei eHorasan, ngaphezulu kwe-20 yee-20, i-10 Khanakov (i-Hidde yeSUFIS), ii-20 zeebhulukhwe, iibhulorho ezili-16, amadama, amadama, maasoleum asakhiwe. Zininzi izibuyiselo zezakhiwo ze-vintage. Ke, phakathi kwengqungquthela ye-navoi-ukubuyiselwa kwekati yekati ye-herat xiii. Ulwakhiwo olunzulu lubandakanya indawo yokuchuma, izakhiwo zihombisa ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zelo xesha.
I-vizier ikhula ubugcisa: Ukuluka, intambo, umtya kunye nobugcisa bobucwebe. UHerat wajonga kwiZiko leNkcubeko eliPhezulu neMpuma. Inani lezinto, ngokwembali, kuyakhiwe ngemali yakhe kwaye zenza imisebenzi emininzi ethandekayo yamahlwempu: ethunyelweyo, impahla elungiselelwe abo basweleyo.
Kwi-biography ye-navoi uninzi lokuphikisana. Ke, umzekelo, enye okanye ezinye izinto ebomini bakhe zitolikwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ke, kukho ulwazi, ngaphandle kokulungiselela umthwalo welizwe lonke, igosa liya kurhoxa kwaye lizinikele ubuqhetseba kuphela. Eminye imithombo ithi, warhoxa, uNavoi usehlala ethembekile kwi-Sultan phantsi kwenkundla kwaye uyaqhubeka nokumnceda kwilizwe.
Kwakhona eyaziwayo iyaziwa ngokuqeshwa kwe-Alishei yirhuluneli yengingqi ye-Astrasan ngo-1487. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweengcali zinyanga le candelo lezezizithulu emhlabeni lokupholisa phakathi komlawuli kunye nombono othembekileyo. Abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, bamele esi sisombululo kukukhanya kokuzithemba okukhethekileyo kwi-sultun ukuya kumhlobo wakhe.
Ngapha koko, ngo-1488, imbongi ekugqibeleni isuswa kwimicimbi yoluntu kwaye ihlale kwi-herata ukuthintela italente yoncwadi.
Indalo
Kuyaziwa ubuchule bembongi ngeelwimi ezimbini - i-turchic phantsi kwePleuduguem Navii (ethetha "i-melodic") kunye nePersin engaphantsi kwegama le-pini (elithetha "brag") . Ngobomi bakhe, uNavii wabhala ngaphezulu kwe-3,000 jazeles (imibongo ye-lyrical), eyayidityaniswa kwiqokelelo ekhethekileyo - i-sofas.
Owona msebenzi udumileyo we-NAVO ", okanye" i-Piziaita "- intlanganiso yemibongo emi-5 ebhalwe ngumbhali weClaces Shonjevi ye-Nizami Ganjevi, eyadala" ye-pattitsa "yayo kwi-xii inkulungwane.
EHaMsu, uNavii uquka imibongo "idimaniso yamalungisa", "i-Leehazn", "hirin", "iiplanethi ezisixhenxe", "wabhalwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Umsebenzi wokuqala wembongi yomjikelo ubhalwe ngo-1483, unokubizwa ngokuba yiFelosofi yezulu. UNavoii uchaza iziganeko ezenzeka kuRhulumente: Ukungabikho kokungakhathali, iimfazwe ezibi, ingcinezelo yabahlwempuzekileyo, kwaye ikwanika olu vavanyo lokuziphatha.
Ngo-1484 umbhali ubhala imibongo yothando "iLeyly noMedizhn" kunye "noHarthadi noShirin", besebenzisa iinjongo zentsomi ezithandwayo. Kule misebenzi, imbongi iqalisa kungekuphela nje iimvakalelo zabathandi, kodwa neengxaki zenkolo, ukungalingani kwezentlalo, ihlwempu. Ngeli xesha, lo mbongo "wabhalwa iiplanethi ezisixhenxe, apho, kwifomu ye-allevorical, umbhali ugxeka abameli bexesha elimiselweyo.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, umbongo wesihlanu waba "ngudonga lweSkandender" Malunga nobomi bomphathi odumileyo kunye noMlawuli we-Asia Alexander Maexander yase-Iskandernine. Ukuphela kwe-80s-ukuqala kwe-90s iphawulwe ngomsebenzi kwimisebenzi yembali. UNavisi ubhala "ibali labalawuli abangama-Ajama", "imbali yookumkani baseIran" kunye "nembali yabaprofeti kunye namadoda anobulumko" ngamaxesha adumileyo aseMpuma. Kwakhona imbongi idala i-biography katitshala wakhe nguJami - "p Plystricsa yoozala ohhliweyo" (1492).
Ngenxa yomphumo we-Naviai yi-sofa "i-ndyedi yengcinga", apho imijikelezo emine iqokelelwa: "Imimangaliso yobuntwana", "imingxunya yeminyaka emihlanu" kunye "nomphetho Kubadala ". Lo msebenzi ohlanganiseneyo ngaphezu kwe-2,600 i-jazeles ithathelwa ingqalelo njengesampulu ye-NAVOI, echitha ubuninzi bamabinzana, iikowuti kunye nee-phorisosms. Iingxelo zikaNaviai zibetha ubuhle, imibongo kunye nemifanekiso.
"Izulu elazula umlilo, ukuba itotshi ayisiyo i-farnitsa,Kwaye idangatye leliso elicacileyo lelokwakho - kunye naye ilanga alifani.
Kwaye uvutha njani ngaphandle komkhondo wombane wombane,
Ndiyasithanda uthando lwam, umphefumlo wam uyakhawuleza. "
Akukho nobuchule obungaphantsi kweNavii kwiFari. Ukuqokelelwa kwe-3 eyaziwayo kwimibongo ePersi: "Izikhulu ezithandathu", "amaxesha amane onyaka" kunye "nesofa fan". Imisebenzi yakutshanje ka-Navoi yaba yimibongo ethi "Iintaka" (1499), umsebenzi wefilosofi kunye ne-allesophical, kunye nonyango "), ukucula imbongi, kumlawuli.
Ubomi Buqu
UAlisher Navoi wemyalelo we-fufi we-nobctband, wayeyindoda ethembekileyo kwaye eyamkelekileyo eyamkelekileyo ka-Atycro- wayengazange atshatile, wayengamazi kakuhle ukuzalwa kwabantwana. Njengombongo wexesha kunye nomlawuli uZhiridin Babur wathi ngaye kumbongo we-Epic "Babnam":
Ngaphandle konyana, ngaphandle kwentombi, wahambahamba ehlabathini, enesizungu, ebodwa.Kukho, nangona kunjalo, inqaku elinye ngobomi bembongi, ethi i-Angisher Naviin ne Hussein baikara bathandana nentombazana enye - Guli. I-Navile Navoi ayikwazanga ukwenza kumhlobo kwaye yacenga ubuhle bomfazi kaHussein. Kukholelwa ukuba uthando lwe-Guli poet lutyhutywe ngobomi bonke.
Kwimibongo yakhe, imbongi ilahla isizungu kwaye iphinde ibhalile imigca emangalisayo:
"Nabani na oye wakhethe ikamva lakhe -Hayi indoda: Waphanga ikamva lakhe.
Yena nabantu, omnye, yonke imihla yokuqhayisa kwakhe:
Nokuba ngubani ovileyo kwisandla somqhaphu. "
I-Angisher Navoiagaies ebizwa ngokuba yindoda enesimo esinzima, eshushu kwaye inekratshi.
"Wayeyindoda ekwinqanaba eliphezulu lengqondo ecekeceke kwaye ekhuliswe kakhulu," labonisa ukuba bonke abantu bazinza ngendlela efanayo, kwaye ke kwakunzima kuye. "Imifanekiso yembongi, ngokwembali, yidlulisela umxholo wohlobo lombhali.
Ukufa
UAlisher Navoi wasweleka nge-3 kaJanuwari, kwi-1501 eHerat, enza buthathaka kwisifo eside. Ngaphambi kokuba asweleke, wasuka kwi-Wistle yeHlabathi kwaye waphila i-herger kwiseli kwi-mausoleum yomfundisi wakhe we-fui.
Le ndoda yayihambile, ishiya ngasemva iLifa leMveli leNtloko: Malunga nemisebenzi engama-30-imibongo, imibongo, inyanga. Imisebenzi yayo iguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi zehlabathi, kwaye iincwadi kunye nemibhalo yesandla zigcinwa kumathala eencwadi amakhulu emhlabeni.
Imbongi yezikhumbuzo esekwe eTashkent, Moscow, Baku, Shanghai, eWashington nakwezinye izixeko ezisemhlabeni. Ngo-1991, ingqekembe ye-Ruble eboniswe ngu-Alisher Naviai yakhutshwa kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-550 yembongi.
Iikowuti
Isandla, amalahle amalahle ayaphambuka, uba mnyama,Umphefumlo, nabantu bomhlobo ongendawo, uba nguDangle. Bonke banika, basikhulula, -Ngaba sisisa phezu kwemilinganiselo,Ukwenza okufanayo, buthule ngokuthe cwaka ,- nguMzekelo weSibindi. Lihlabathi ukuze lixolelanise kuwe, ngentsimbi, asinikwanga:
Iinqanawa ezimbini zibambe ngaphezulu kwebhodi-ziya kuthatha indlela. Iqokobhe lanaphakade, elinelanga elalijonge ngonaphakade phakathi kwexhala lehlabathi,
Isidenge esasikhangela yafuna iintliziyo zabantu.
I-Bibliography
- 1483 - "UFarhadi noShirin"
- I-1483 - "uLeila noMedezhun"
- 1483 - "iiplanethi ezisixhenxe"
- I-1485 - "Udonga lwe-Iskander"
- 1488 - "Imbali Yabalawuli Ajama"
- 1498 - "Utywala beengcinga"
- I-1499- "Iintaka ulwimi"
- I-1500 - "Iintliziyo Ezithandekayo"