Biography
Igama legqwetha liye laninzi elingaphaya kwemida yoBukhosi baseRussia. UFyodor Pevako waduma kungekuphela nje ngolwazi lobungcali, kodwa ne-themeruosoosos ilungelo legama, italente ye-ored. Abantu beza kwiiseshoni zenkundla ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe njengomsitho omangalisayo, obangela umdla kwaye onwabile.
"I-Metropolitan ye-Exprelitcy", "uPungkin kwi-Juriskin", "ubuhlakani eLizwi" - kwaka njengabaqeqeshi baseCusvakoevich uhlala ekhuselwe simahla. Ukusekwa kunye nobutyebi bentetho, ulwakhiwo olunobuchule beziphakamiso, ukwakhiwa kwesicatshulwa kunye nokunikwa umbhalo kunye nombala owenziwe ngoonobumba onobukrelekrele wegama - u-Anton Chenkov.
"I-Dickey ikhulula owona mphefumlo, umlilo ujonge ngaphandle kwamehlo ... Zingaphi iipewso, kusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuba uphulaphule ngaphandle kwekratshi ...," watsho umbhali.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Igqwetha elinetalente lazalwa ngentwasahlobo ye-1842 kwi-Urals esemazantsi, eTrotch, ngelo xesha yayiliphondo le-Orereburg.
Malunga nosapho kunye nabazali boMmeli odumileyo we-biororders uqhubeke nokuphikisana. Ukuba ngokunxulumene notata beza kwi-dionatoyitha eqhelekileyo, bembiza ngokuba ngummeli we-poling gody kwinqanaba losindileyo, emva koko ubuzwe bukanina kwaye namhlanje awaziwa namhlanje. Eminye imithombo iyibiza ngokuba yi-Klamachka, abanye - iKyrgyz, owesithathu - inqaba eqhelekileyo, ngubani owathi, nangona kunjalo, kunobubele nobuthathaka.
Utata wexesha elizayo eqaqanjelwa eRussia wabizwa ngokuba yiValvak Clevak (kamva igqwetha elongeziweyo lokungqina ukuphela kweleta "o", egxininisa kuyo).
Abazali babehlala kumtshato waseburhulumenteni, abazimiswanga yicawa kunye namatywina asemthethweni. Zine iinkosi zivele kusapho, zasinda apho abantwana abathathu - Fyodor neDomadont. Abantwana babengekho semthethweni, abachaphazeleka kamva. I-Patrolimic bafumana kothixo.
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1850, usapho lwafudukela eMoscow. Amakhwenkwe anika isikolo esikhethekileyo kwi-Ostozhenka, owayelungiselela abafundi abafundi kwiiyunivesithi zeRussia. Kunyaka wokuqala wokufunda, amagama amaBanga aKhethekileyo ahombise iBhodi yeHlolo, kodwa emva kwesiqingatha sonyaka, uFeder noDemer kunye noDomidont, bafundile "ubume babo" obungekho mthethweni ", bagxothwa.
Isahluko sosapho sasinento eninzi yokukhathaza ukulungiselela abantwana kwi-1 ye-metropolitan yeMetropolium ye-1, eyayikwenzeka kwi-prechischinchencuka. Amakhwenkwe ekugqibeleni kweemviwo amiselwe kwangoko kwibanga lesi-3.
Emva kokuphumelela kwi-Gymnasium, i-Fyodor Plevak yaba ngumfundi waseMoscow ngokukhetha i-rourispridence. Idiploma yomfundi sele ime kwigama elitsha elaziwa ngurhulumente kwaye namhlanje.
Jikelele
Emva kokuphumelela kwiDyunivesithi, umsebenzi oqeqeshiweyo i-peumanko iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-1964, igqwetha elincinci elinomqeqeshi weDiplom lilungelo ukuya kwisiqingatha sonyaka kwiNkundla yeMetropoliay Courfial Countrial Count, ilinde isithuba esifanelekileyo.
Oku kwavela ngentwasahlobo ye-1866. Ngeli xesha, amagqwetha jury avela eRussia, kwaye uFyodor Pevako waba yinye yokuqala kwikomkhulu elinomncedisi kwiGqwetha leGqwetha. Kweli nqanaba, wakhawuleza waziwa, ethetha kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba into yokuqala yikamva "ye-metropolitan yesixeko" elahlekileyo, kwaye ukwahlukana nomoya wawudluliselwe eSiberia. Kodwa ukuthetha kukaSomlomo yayiyeyona nto inamandla kubagwebi. UFyodor Perevalko wabonisa amandla amandla okusebenza kunye nobungqina bobungqina.
Ukuwa kwe-1870s, i-Wugovato yayisele igqwetha lejerbury yegumbi lembutho le-MSCOW. Ukusukela ngalo mzuzu ukuya, amaphepha egolide aqala ukuvela kwi-biography yegqwetha. Iintetho zemfundiso yezomthetho "ye-genius yelizwi" zibandakanyeke kwiikowuti. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-2, umsebenzi oqaqambileyo we-subvako phantse waphazamiseka: I-Convatist Yamalungelo Abantu yawela phantsi kwentloko ye-gendarmerie yePhondo njengelungu elisebenzayo leMfihlakalo yabucala. Wayemiselwe kwityala ukukhuthaza izimvo zohlobo phakathi kwabafundi.
I-KorifeA ye-entervocy yaseRussia ikwazile ukushiya ophumeleleyo: Ityala lalivaliwe ngenxa yobungqina. Kodwa uFenar Pevako akazange anyuke ukusukela ngoko afudukele "iinkqubo" zezopolitiko. Kuphela kuphela emva kowe-1905, i-chie lamalungelo abantu yaqalisa ukuthatha izinto kunye nemibala yezopolitiko.
Igqwetha eliphumeleleyo iphucule imeko yezemali yaza yathenga indlu kwi-Big Aneaswevsky Lane. Uzuko lwayo lwaduba eMosoki, nasezweni lonke, naphakathi komlandeli wetalente lalikho onke amasabelo ngabemi: I-Perevalko inenzondelelo enesidima enesidima kwaye ihlwempu. Imali yokugqibela ayizange ithathe kwaye ineendleko zenkundla ezihlawulwayo.
Kubugcisa bezinto zomthetho, iintsomi ziye zahamba, kunye nezibakala ezinomdla zebhayiloji kwaye ezona ndawo zimnandi zeentetho zenkundla zatshintshelwa emlonyeni. Emva kwexesha uFyodor Pevako ukupapashe incwadi awayeyipapasha ngayo eyona meko iphakamileyo kwiinkqubo.
Amangqina okuzibonela achaze amagama egqwetha eliphefumlelweyo kwaye akabonisi ukuphuculwa. Wayedla ngokubhekisa kwi Bhayibhile, eza nemithetho kumthetho waseRoma, owazisazi kakuhle kwaye wabhala umsebenzi wesayensi kuye.
Kanye, uFentur Pevako kwafuneka achase isifuba, esatyholwa ngokumakisha nokusela imali. Igqwetha lalingoyiki ingqumbo yabefundisi-ntsapho kwaye yamtyhola isicaka setempile, silibonisa uhanahaniso kunye nokunyoba esifihliweyo phantsi kolwandiso olunamatye.
Ekupheleni kuka-1874, isimangalo esikhulu senzeka kwiNkundla yoLwandleko yekomkhulu, apho uFyodor Nikifovich ekhusela i-moscow kwaye wazinza kwihotele. Ebusuku, isihlwele samadoda esasisela ngelishwa saqhekeka saba sabaleka ngelishwa, ukubaleka apho watsibela ngaphandle kwefestile yomgangatho wesithathu. Ngethamsanqa, i-sundovako ye-sundova yaphulwe ngesandla, iwela kwikhephu.
Abathetheli benkampani yolwaphulo-mthetho bavuyela ukungamsulwa kweewadi, ukuxabana ukuba abantu babengenakuyingozi kwintombazana, kwaye besuka efestileni bazixhokonxa.
Emva koko uFerer Perevasela wafumana i-anagy ehleliweyo, echaza indlela yokuziphatha evuthayo, esonga ukusuka ekugxothweni. Ukuba ityhudiyo emdaka yenzekile kwindlela yosindiso, isilwanyana sikhetha ukufa, kodwa singalathisi uboya obumhlophe wekhephu.
"Kwaye ndiyaqonda ukuba kutheni ixhoba ligxunyekwe efestileni," uPeelhenka washwankathela.Abagwebi bohlwaywa amadoda, besenza ukuba babe sisigwebo esichulumancisayo.
Kwiakhawunti yeFedor Pevako ngaphezu kweenkqubo ezingamakhulu amabini ephumelele, phakathi kwetyala lemizi-mveliso ye-Savva Mamondov, eyayiva ngehlobo le-1900. Wayevalelwe iibhanki zamatyala ngokungaqhelekanga, awayethatha imali ukwakha isebe likaloliwe. Indlela yayifanele ukudibanisa iVologda kunye ne-Arthangelsk, kwaye ngokulandelelana kwakhiwa kwavela kurhulumente waseRussia.
I-Mammotis ichithe lonke olondolozo, kodwa zalunganelanga. Ukubalwa koncedo lukarhulumente kunye "noMphathiswa wezeMali", iWight ayifikeleki.
Igqwetha lakwazi ukungqina ukuba umzi-mveliso akazange anike ipeni yemali kwaye engakhange alandele iinjongo zikaMercenary. Incoko kaPerevako enkundleni, njengoko bekulindelwe, waba ngumzekelo wezakhono ze-oratory. I-Saveva Mamondov yakhululwa ukusuka kwi-Coliwe ngqo kwigumbi lenkundla.
Ubomi Buqu
Nokuba ebomini bomgqwetha wegqwetha kukho umda wegwebayo kubude obuneminyaka engama-20.
Emva kokuba ukupheliswa kwe-Ofisi akuphumelelanga umtshato wokuqala ka-Catherine filippova, owamnika unyana kaSergey, uFyodor Pevako wathandana nomthengi uMaria Demidov, oqalisa umtshato nesigidi. I-Linnen King ka-Demidov yayingafuni ukuyeka umfazi wayo kwaye itshabalalise usapho kubantwana aba-5.
Unothando olwaphukileyo wenza i-fermar kwaye uMaria akakhathali kwiindibano kwaye azinze uphantsi kophahla olunye. Kungekudala isibini sazalwa yintombi ye-varvara. Inkwenkwe ivele emva kwakhe - unyana uSergey. Ngokomthetho, abantwana bakaCarvako babeqwalaselwa abantwana bakaDedidov.
Inkqubo yokupheliswa komtshato yahlala iminyaka engama-20 kwaye yaphela ngokufa komthengisi owenziwe. UFnyodor Worvako kwafuneka acwangcise abantwana njengecocekile, emva koko babamkela.
Omabini iSergey waba ngamagqwetha, njengotata, kodwa akazange akwazi ukuphinda udumo.
Ukufa
Le ndoda isweleke, yahlala iminyaka engama-66, ngoDisemba 1908. Unobangela wokufa yayisisifo sentliziyo.
UFer Nikiforovich wenza i-quardion enkulu apho abantu beeklasi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuchuma okuxubeneyo.
Ndingcwatywe igqwetha elidumileyo emangcwabeni, ecaleni kwendlu yangaphambili ebizwa ngokuba yigama le-subileSheshchensky.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1920, amangcwaba atshatyalaliswa ngokuxhobisa indawo yokudlala yabantwana kwindawo yomngcwabo. I-Perevako ishukunyiselwe kwiVagankankavskoye, inkcenkceshela kwingcwangu yegqwetha ngomnqamlezo wamaplanga. Kuphela ngo-2003, umthetho waseRussiards waseRussia oqokelele imali kwilitye kunye ne-BAS-qasha ngembonakalo kaFyodor Pevakho.
Ngo-2019, ukukhutshwa koludwe lwembali yocokio "abaphumeleleyo" babhengeziwe, apho indima ye "pushkin kwi-rourisppridence" ye-nikita panfilov.