Biography
"I-Konk-Gorboon" yenye yezona zinto zithandwa kakhulu eRussia nakwindawo yasemva kwendawo yemisebenzi ye-Soviet yeMisebenzi yeSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo. Ootatomkhulu bethu nootatomkhulu noomakhulu bafunda le fayili yehobe, warhoxiswa kwiprogram yesikolo kwaye waphinda waguqukela kuwo. UPeter Ershshov, "utata" wehashe-humpback, akananto inzima kunembali yokudala kunye neempapasho zentsomi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UPeter Pavlovich uErshov wazalwa nge-22 kaFebruwari, nge-1815 kwilali yaseBezrukovo Tobolsk (ngoku intsimi ye-Itumen). Umama wembongi yexesha elizayo, eTicemy Vasneevna, wavela kwintsapho yomrhwebi. Utata uPaveel Alekseevich wabamba isithuba se-fireter.
Ebuntwaneni, uPetros wayebuthathaka kakhulu, kwaye uErshov wayenoloyiko olukhulu ngobomi bakhe. Ukusuka ekuphelelwe lithemba, bade bagqiba kwisiko elithetha "lokuthengisa" somntwana: umntwana obuhlungu "wanika" idenariyo. Umntwana, ewe, wahlala nabazali bakhe, indoda elihlwempu, njengoko yayikholwa kuye.
Ngenxa yohlobo lwenkonzo katata, le ntsapho yayidla ngokuhamba, yaye i-8 yokuqala imbongi yexesha elizayo yayihlala e-Omsk noPetropavlovsk. Kwandula ke, ngo-1924 utata wakhe wathumela uPetros nomninawakhe uNicholas ukuya eTobhosk, ukuze oonyana baqeqeshiwe kwindawo yokuzivocavoca. Ke ngoko, ixesha elide, amakhwenkwe kwakufuneka aphile ekuhlambulyeni kubazali babo, kwintsapho yosapho, umrhwebi waseNikolai Stepanovich Pilenkoov. Yena, indoda esisityebi kunye ne-patron, yayiyinto eshushu kakhulu.
Omnye umntu othathe inxaxheba kubomi bukaPeter yayinguMlawuli weGymnasium Ivan Mendeleev, utata weChemist enkulu ye-DIMMERY MEMECHEEVEV. Kunye naye, uErshov kamva waba ngabahlobo kwaye wanika umsitho wakhe ukuba atshate.
Emva kokuphumelela kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, abazalwana uErshov baqhubeka nezifundo zabo kwiDyunivesithi yaseMfayili eSt. Pertersburg, njengoko uBawo wathunyelwa ukuba asebenze kwikomkhulu. Emva koko, uPetros wafumana imfundo ephezulu kwiminyaka engama-20, nangona wayengenangqondo: Emva kokukhululwa, wayengalwazi ulwimi lwasemzini omnye, nangona wayefunda kwimbali kunye nembali kunye nembali kunye nembali kunye nembali kunye nembali.
Indalo
"UKowk-gorboni, owayemzisele uPetros uFaro wabhalwa ngembongi emincinci kwiminyaka enguMfundi. Ekuqaleni, eSt. Petersburg, kwakunzima kuloo mfana: kwikomkhulu, i-cholera Buheva, abantu abasakhayo kwakhona. Konke oku kuvelise umbono odandathekileyo kwi-Yershov.
Emva koko wayeyenzele umbono wembali, oyena mntu uza kubakho ngokunyaniseka nobenobulungisa. Icandelo lembongi le "Konk-Gorbok" lifunyenwe, ngenxa kaPeter Alexandrovich Phytnev, Ukufumana iDyunivesithi kunye nonjingalwazi woncwadi lwaseRussia. Wabonisa umfundi kwi-Jershov Alexander Sergeeevich Suinkin, kwaye uMbhali we-novice ekugqibeleni wagqiba kwelokuba alulwelo lwecebo kunye nombongo.
Xa "uKonk-Gerbok" wagqitywa, uPetros wanika ingulumbo kwinkundla yenkundla uAlexander uSighkin noVasily Zhukovsky, awayesondele kuye. Intsomi yabangela ukwamkelwa kwakhe, kwaye uPungkin wathi emva kwe-skite-gorboon, wayengasenakukhathazeka ngohlobo oluhle kwaye liphume ngale ndlela yezincoko.
Kancinci emva kwexesha, i-cussing fole, i-neershov, yafundwa kwiSebe leDyunivesithi, emva koko enye iqhekeza lethala lencwadi "yeSkite ...34. Impumelelo ikhokelele kwinto yokuba ngo-Oktobha 1834 Intsomi yapapashwa ngokupheleleyo. Incwadi kaPetros ye-Peter Yershova ithengiswe ngexabiso le-ruble ye-ruble kwikopi nganye.
Kwinyanga kamva, uPetros waphumelela impumelelo- kwiprinte, inxalenye yokuqala yakudala "yanikwa, iBaberdare" ye-eberian Cossack ", emva koko yesibini. Lo msebenzi wawuphumelele: ngeminyaka yee-1840, 'ukugqwesa' yaba yinkqubo yenkqubo ye-2nd yaseSiberia. Abazange balibale "iSiberia Cossack" kwaye emva koko - ekwenzeni umculo, iimvumi ezininzi zenza i-ballad yembali, kubandakanya ne-nevkin.
Impumelelo "skite-gorbunk" yavula umnyango kumbhali oselula ukuya kwindalo ye-St. UPeter waqalisa ukuya ezintlanganisweni zababhali, uqhelane nabantu osebenza nabo kumasifundisane kwaye ucinga ukuba izangqa zokubhala ziya kubhala umsebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, ngogonyamelo kwaye, mhlawumbi, ubuntwana obuchithwe kwiphondo, uErshov wasilela ukuvavanya ubuhlobo obude boncwadi kunye nemeko yezopolitiko kurhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente wabona isimo sengqondo sokungahloniphi isimo sengqondo sokuthintela i "Skite-Gorbunke", yaye le ncwadi yayalelwa ukuba ipapashwe. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwentsomi, ecacisa "isiketi ..." kuphela ngo-1856, emva kokutshintsha ukumkani.
Inyaniso enomdla: Emva kokuba u-Opala edlulile, uPetros Pavlovich ngo-1857 wajika wabandakanywa kuluhlu lwabantu abafanelekileyo ukuba bathembele kurhulumente. Ngapha koko, umbhali njengoyena mntu unobubele, okrelekrele nothembekileyo obonakalisiweyo kuwo. Abagxeki basabela kwintsomi ephindwe kabini: Wayedunyiswe, watshutshiswa. Phakathi kwabantu '"gorbk" bangavuyelanga, ngaba yayinguBelinskoon waseBelinsky, owoyisile umsebenzi wombhali kwinqaku lakhe.
Kwixa elizayo, kwintsimi yoncwadi, uErshov wayezama iintlobo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo: wabhala imibongo yeendlela ezincinci nezinkulu, waqulunqa iproses kunye nemisebenzi enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, impumelelo ye "Skate ..." ayikwazanga ukuphinda nantoni na kumsebenzi wakhe olandelayo. Imibongo yePetra yayiyeyesibini kwaye ngefom egqibeleleyo ayizange ibangele abafundi abaphanga imibongo yegolide, akukho mdla kumxholo wabo.
Imbongi izamile ukubuyela "kuhlobo lwe-folk" kwaye yaqala ukubhalwa kombongo Ivan-Tsarevich. Kodwa isiphumo somsebenzi waseRorshov sangasithandi, kwaye watshabalalisa lo mbhalo. Kwakhona, uPetros wazama ukubhala i-Uppreto kwi-Opera enebali elimangalisayo "krelekrele". Umsebenzi wawuphumelele kakhulu, kodwa ekukhanyeni kwalo awuzange wazise - i-opera ye-opera mikhail glinka "yobomi bokumkani" wenza umsebenzi we-yeerhov engeyomfuneko.
Ubomi Buqu
I-biegraphy kaPeter Pavlovich, ngaphandle kokuyila, kwakungekho lula. Embindini we-1830s, umfana kwafuneka ashiye idolophu enkulu: Waqala wafa umntakwabo, emva koko - utata, kunye nomntu kufuneka athabathe umama. U-Ershov wabuyela eTobolsk, apho wafumana khona isithuba se-tobolsk Godlosium. Ekuqaleni, uPetros wacwangcisa ukuba ngutitshala we-verbost, kodwa esi sithuba asifunyenwanga. Ke ngoko, kwafuneka ndifundise umthambo lwesiLatin, awayengamthandi noPetros kwaphela.
Emva kokusweleka kukamama, umntu othile wacinga ngokunzulu ukubuyela eSt. Petersburg, kodwa iimeko zakhe zangenele: UPeter wathandana. Umhlolokazi waba ngumhlolokazi waseSerafim Leshchev, owayesele esele eneminyaka emine. Umtshato uthatha iminyaka emi-5, ke umfazi wafa ngokuzala umntwana. U-Ershov watshata iiOlimpiki zeKuzmins, kodwa lo mtshato waphela ngo-1853 ngenxa yokufa komlingane.
I-OVDOV ngokuphindaphindiweyo, uPes Pavolovich wayengaphulukanga nethemba lokufumana ulonwabo kubomi bakhe, kwaye ekugqibeleni wakwazi. Ndikunye nomfazi wesithathu, i-Elena Chrikasy Umbhali wayehlala de kuphele ubomi bakhe. Lilonke, abantwana abali-15 bazalelwa kwimitshato, abantwana abayi-15 bazalwa, kodwa phambi kwesininzi babehlala kuphela ezine.
Ikhondo lomsebenzi kaPeter Pavlovich njengomfundisi-ntsapho, ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwesiLatini, lwaphumelela. Emva kweminyaka emi-8 yomsebenzi, waba ngumhloli we-tobolsk Gyskosium, kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-21 wasebenza phambi kwesikhundla sikarhulumente.
Inkonzo ye-Ershov ihlawule ixesha elininzi kunye nengqwalaselo: engaphelelanga kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, uPetros Pavlovich waseka izikolo ezininzi ezintsha, kubandakanya namaziko emfundo angapheliyo kwimfundo. Ubhale izincoko ngomxholo ohlanganisiweyo, waqalisa iMbutho yethiyetha kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, eyathi idlala ngokwakha yabhala.
Ukufa
Unobangela ngqo wokufa kukaPetros Pavlovich akaziwa. Phambi kwenzala, kuphela olo lwazi lwafikelela ukuba kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi umntu abe nengxaki yokufumana amanzi, apho inani elikhulu le-alquku liqokelela kwi-bevity yesisu. Ngaphandle kweempawu ezibuhlungu, uErshov wayehlala esebenza nendoda eyomeleleyo.
UPeter Pavlovich uErshov wasweleka nge-18 ka-Agasti we-1869 eTobolsk. Ingcwaba lembongi ikwindawo yokudayala kwendawo. Kwitombumbana kukho umbhalo, othi ngaphantsi kombhali wentsomi "Konk-gorbk".
Emva kokufa, ukwamkelwa kobuchule buka-Ershov bephelelwe lixesha ebomini. Ukuzukisa, iitrato eTobolsk no-Isma babizwa, kunye nelali yemveli e-Bezrakovo Jershu ngo-1960. UPeter Pavlovich useta izikhumbuzo ezi-2 kunye nexilongo. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane umbono wokubonakala kombhali ngenxa yemifanekiso emininzi etyhilwe ebomini.
I-Bibliography
- 1834 - "Konk-gorbk"
- Ngo-1834 - "Siberia Cossack"