Biography
UPaul Clee ngumculi we-wigriss-swiss-swiss-swiss-switzerland kunye notata wowesibele ophantsi kwempembelelo yentshukumo yemveliso ehamba phambili, kuquka ukubekwa kwabantu, kuquka ukubekwa phambili. Umhlobi, owayefunda ithiyori yemibala, wabhala umsebenzi omninzi opapashwe ngohlobo lwe "ncwadana", eyamkelwa kwicandelo le-ARDEPORAry yexesha elide kwaye laxatyiswa ubuncinci i-Leonardo da Vinci.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UPaul Deee, owazalwa nge-18 kaDisemba ngo-1879, wayengoyena mncinci kubantwana ababini katitshala waseGansa Wilsa Willielm Dee kunye ne-Swiss Muria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria Fria frian I-biography yomculi yamiselwa kwangaphambili ngokwemfuza. Abazali abanetalente bakhuthaze ukuthakaka kobugcisa kwaye baxhasa unyana kuzo zonke izinto ezikhoyo.
Kwiminyaka yesikolo, uPawulos wadlala i-violin kwaye wayenesiphiwo sengqondo kwimvumi kangangokuba eneminyaka eli-11 ubudala wamenywa ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwikhonsathi yoMbutho woMbutho woMculo waseBern.
Ukukhula, inkwenkwe ikhuphe isixhobo kwaye yaba nomdla kubugcisa obubonakalayo, yaqala ukufunda izitayile zobugcisa. UPaul wapeyinta kwiphepha ngalinye eliwele izandla zakhe. Imisebenzi yokuqala yandulelwa yimifanekiso kwimimandla yeencwadi zezifundo kunye neencwadana zencwadi, apho wafaka isandla kwisakhono seShedyuli, imigca, amanani evolumeri kunye nenkcitho. Ukupeyinta ngokuvakalayo kuthintele izifundo zabo, ngoko ke iimviwo zokugqibela eBern Glee Glee Glee Gleednasia zadlula ngobunzima obukhulu.
Ngo-1897, lo mfo waqala ukugcina idayari, eyanika abaphandi ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo ngobomi kunye neWakhamini yeVidiyo yomculi omncinci.
Ngo-1898, iClee ingenele i-Munich Academy yoBugcisa yaza yaba yi-pander ephumeleleyo. Waziva ngokugqibeleleyo ifomu kunye nembono, kodwa ayikwazanga ukuba ngaba kubugcisa bokuveliswa kombala. Ngaphandle kwazo zonke iingxaki, uPawulos wafumana isidanga se-bachelor kwaye waya e-Itali ukuba afunde umsebenzi weenkosi ezinkulu zexesha elidlulileyo.
Indalo
Ukubuyela eBern, uClee uzihlalela endlwini yomzali waza waqala ukuphucula njengomculi, amaxesha ngamaxesha ukutyelela izifundo zokupeyinta zabucala. Udibanisa ubuchule kunye nomdlalo we-violin kwi-orchestra kunye nokulungiswa kovavanyo lwendawo. Ngo-1905, waqulunqa ezinye iindlela zokuvavanywa kweeleta, kubandakanya umzobo wenaliti kwiglasi emnyama, evelise ifuthe lePhotsin.
Ukusebenza kwiNkqubo, uPawulos wenze imisebenzi engama-57, kuquka nomfanekiso "umfanekiso katata wam", datta we-1906. Ngokuhambelana, iglu yenza umjikelo we-11 ze-zenc eziqokelayo ngomfanekiso wabalinganiswa abaphantsi kweGrotece phantsi kwegama "lezinto". Le misebenzi ibekwe kwigalari yendawo, babathanda iindwendwe. Umbhali wanolwaneliseko, kodwa wayeqonda ukuba uyakwazi ngakumbi ngakumbi.
Emva kokuba umkhondo womtshato uPaul qele. Umculi uphazazele ukhathalelo lwasekhaya ekhaya kwaye ufuna isitayile esitsha kunye nendlela yokuyila. I-Shift yenzekile emva komboniso wokuqala wobukumkani nge-ceee, eBern ngonyaka ka-1911, emva koko i-Alfred Cutan kunye neShedred Cuba yanikezela ngombhali ukuba ikwazi ukuzoba imizekeliso "yedwa", epapashwe nge-1920s.
Ngeli xesha, inani lemizobo yeGrotece yomculi inyuke, kwaye babonisa utyekelo lokungasebenzi kakuhle kunye ne-SRCAMUM. Ezi peyinti zazithanda uKina, kwaye wancomela i-Clausi yababhali-mbali abakhokelayo abakhokelayo. Ekuweni kuka-1911, uPawulos waba yisangqa esikulo sokuko, waqhelana ne-Augus Augus Mac kunye ne-Augus Mac kunye ne-Adstraistist Vasily Kandansky. Ukuvavanya ingqondo entle kwaye icocekile kwaye ingena kwintembelo kubahlobo abatsha, iglue yangenisa kwi-ofisi yoHlelo leAlbanoach, ebizelwe ihashe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, iglu iba lilinye lala malungu aphambili kwiqela lokuyila kwaye kumboniso wesibini olulungiselelwe yimpapasho, yazisa umsebenzi we-17. UAlmanac wangenisa umculi onethiyori yemibala yanamhlanje, isifundo sakhe saya eParis ngo-1912. Ngexesha lohambo, uPawulos wathatyathwa ziidem ezinkulu kwaye "ukupeyinta okucocekileyo" kwaye waqala ukuvavanywa nge-matercolor, iziphumo ezazingamacandelo aphambili.
Olu hlaselo lomsebenzi we-clee lwenzeka ngo-1914, emva kokutyelela ilizwe laseMantla laseTunisia. Umzobi udibene nemibala eqaqambileyo yendawo yeempumuko yeMeditera kwaye wafumana ubuchule bokusebenzisa iphalethi.
Kwipeyinti leli xesha, uPawulos udibanisa imizobo kwaye uyipeyinti kwaye uqalise ukubhala ngokwakho ukubhala. Unyango lwemibala luyeyona nto iphambili kwilaphu legcisa. Umanyene namanye amanani, wenza imvakalelo yokuvumelana, okanye imvakalelo yokungathobeki enzulu yemisebenzi yomculo.
Ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, i-Clee ayizange iyeke ukuzoba. Ukusebenza ngasemva kwindibano ukubuyisela imaski ye-bhalu, umzobi wadala ama-lithograph yezihloko zamagorha kunye nemiboniso amaxesha ngamaxesha.
Ngo-1917, uPawulos waba ngumvandisi odumileyo kunye neshedyuli yakhe yokupeyinta obonwa ngababhali-mbali bathengisiwe. Owona msebenzi udumileyo ngeli xesha yayiliqela "Ab OV", elibhalwe nge-manecolor kwi-gauze yoluliwe i-canvas. Ngo-1919, iClee iqukumbele isivumelwano kunye nomnini wegalari yefashoni Gans Golz, owazisa impumelelo yorhwebo ngumculi. Kulapho umhlungu kakhulu ubeke umfanekiso "wokuphuma kwelanga eNyanga kunye nokutshona kwelanga", ebonisa izimvo zakhe malunga nomlingo we-phenomena yendalo.
Ukususela ngo-1921, uPawulos udibanise ubuchule bokufundisa ngomsebenzi wokufundisa. Wahlala kwi-Artional Studio yesikolo "Bauhaus", eqalise ubuhlobo kunye neKandinsky kwaye wadibana namanye amalungu iqela loqeqesho elinetalente. Ngeli xesha kwindawo yogcino, iglu yayinemisebenzi enjalo 'njengengelosi entsha ", ingelosi esemazantsi" kunye ne "Diana kumoya wehlabathi".
Ngeminyaka yee-1920, umzobi ufunda intetho kubugcisa, eqhutywa kwimiboniso e-US naseFrance, wahamba kakhulu. Ubhale ipeyinti "Seinezio" kunye "nentlanzi yegolide", apho i-jaxwes kunye neepeyinti zeoyile zidibene.
IGlue yayiyinkosi eyimveliso ngokungaqhelekanga: Ngo-1933 wadala imisebenzi engama-500. Nangona kunjalo, kunyaka olandelayo inani leepeyinti linciphile kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo ezingalindelekanga. Imvakalelo yesiphelo esisondeleyo ibonakalisiwe kwimisebenzi kaPaul: Waqala ukusebenzisa imigca enesibindi kunye nokudityaniswa okungaqhelekanga kweemilo zejometri. Ukutshintsha kwezinto ezinkulu nezincinci, imithunzi emnyama kunye neqaqambileyo ifanekisela umahluko wetalente ye-fumey.
Ubomi Buqu
Kule minyaka incinci, iglu yahlulahlulwa ngokuziphatha kakuhle. Uchithe ixesha elininzi kwi-pubs, apho wayeqhelene nabafazi kwaye waqala iinoveli. Isiqhamo solo lwalamano yayingunyana ongekho mthethweni, owazalwa ngonyaka we-1900 kwaye oswelekileyo kwasebusaneni.
Ngo-1906, uPawulos wamthabatha umfazi we-bavari yepiyari ye-bavaria pily stampf, kwaye umntwana wavela kwintsapho, owayebizwa nguFeliks.
Esi sibini sahlala kwidolophu yaseMunich, kwaye lo gama nje iqabane lakho elincinci linike izifundo zabucala, ifama yakhokelela kwiglu kwaye waphakamisa unyana wakhe. Kumntwana uPawulos weglasi wegloves, kungekudala waba yinxalenye yokupeyinta ubuchule. Kubalinganiswa bemisebenzi efanelekileyo, i-Clee ifake uhlobo lwefom yokudlala kunye neendlela zokwenza imicimbi.
Ezinye iinkcukacha zobomi bomculi wobuqu azizange zibe yipropathi yoluntu.
Kuyaziwa ukuba ngokuza kwamandla amaNazi, entloko nguHitler Addisi, waba ngumculi ongapheliyo eJamani. Ukufihla kulawulo, wafudukela eSwitzerland, kodwa akazange afumane ubumi bale lizwe.
Ukufa
Ngo-1934, uPawulos wayeneempawu zokuqala zesifo esibulalayo, kwaye iminyaka emi-6, uhlaselo lwentlungu luthathelwe indawo ngamaxesha kurhulumente.
Ngentwasahlobo ye-1940, iClee yayifikelele kwelona nqaku liphezulu, wayengakwazi ukuqhuba kwaye ahlala ecinga ngesiphelo esikufutshane. Uncedo lwafika ngoJuni nge-29 kaJuni. Umthendeleko wasweleka kwi-Swiss Corm kwiSithili saseChin. Oogqirha bathi unobangela wokufa yayikukwaliwa kwamalungu angaphakathi awotyelwe yi-scleroderma.
Umculi watshiswa kwiSixeko saseLugano, kwaye uthuthu lwakhe lwaya kubaleka amangcwaba esixeko.
Ngo-1997, inzala kaClee bafuduselwa kwi-Ofisi yeNkcubeko yeSwitzerland, kwiipeyinti ezingama-700 zenkosi, ngenxa yokuboniswa kwakhiwa kwaye babonisa iZiko leMiboniso, elibize emva kweenkosi ezingabalulekanga.
Ukupeyinta
- Ngo-1913 - "eKatoshin"
- Ngo-1914 - "I-Red nemhlophe dome"
- Ngo-1919 - "inyanga epheleleyo"
- Ngo-1920 - "Ukuvuswa kwabasetyhini"
- Ngo-1920 - "Isixeko"
- Ngo-1925 - "Intlanzi yegolide"
- Ngo-1927 - "Indawo ekhethiweyo"
- Ngo-1931 - "Ukukhanya Naphezulu"
- Ngo-1937 - "uMhlaba we-Skeene"
- Ngo-1940- "Ndikhoyo"