Biography
I-Mstislav Rostropovich - umqhubi wesiRashiya kunye nomqambi, umqambi kunye nenani eliphambili kubugcisa bomculo wenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. I-Laurement yePremiyamu yeePremiyamu, umculi wabantu we-USSR kunye neqabane likaGalina Viinknevskaya.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Mstislav Rostropovich - i-naclec baku. Imvumi yazalwa ngoMatshi 27, 1927. Abazali bakhe babenolwalamano nobugcisa: Utata uLeopold Rostropover wayeyiiselset, kunye noSomoya uSophia Rostropovich - ipiyari. Kwiminyaka emi-4, inkwenkwe idlale kwipiyano, ngokuzimeleyo ibhala iingoma kwaye ikhethe ubume. Kwisi-8, wafunda ukudlala i-cello. Utitshala wokuqala onokuthandana omncinci nguyise.
Ngo-1932, le ntsapho yafudukela eBaku ukuya eMoscow. Kwiminyaka esi-7, iMstislav yaba ngumfundi wesikolo somculo. Iigneni, apho wafundisa utata wakhe. Njengomntwana, inkwenkwana yalandela utata wakhe, ngokutshintsha amaziko emfundo, ngo-1937 zombini iimvumi zombini zafudukela kwisikolo somculo weSithili seSverdlovsky. Ikhonsathi ye-Debut yenzeka ngexesha elinye. I-Mstislav eyenziwa kwinqanaba elihamba ne-orchestra ye-symphony, ngokwenza i-batch enkulu emsebenzini kaCaille Sainsa Sansta.
Ukufumene imfundo yesekondari, iRostropovich yangena esikolweni kwi-clorevatory. Tchaikovsky. Iphupha lomfana laliza kudala umculo. Kodwa imfazwe yayingumqobo ekuphunyezweni. Intsapho yafudukela eOrenburg, emva koko inxibe igama leChkalov. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-14 ubudala, lo mfana waba ngumfundi wesikolo sikaloliwe kunye nesikolo somculo, apho wafundisa khona uYise. Apha i-rostropovich iphuhlise iikonsathi zokuqala.
Emva kwexesha, umfana wazivalela endlwini ye-opera, apho waqala khona ukuqalisa iiraves zepiyano noCello ngenkxaso kunye nokucebisa kukaMikhail Stiulaki. Ngo-1942, imvumi eselula yaba lilungu lekhonsathi yokunika ingxelo, apho imelwe kwindawo enomqambi kunye nomdlali. Intetho iveliswe i-furore. Ukuthandana kulinganiswa abaphulaphuli, abagxeki kunye neentatheli ezaziphawula imvakalelo yokuvumelana, umculo kunye netalente yeRostropovich.
Ngo-1943, usapho lweemvumi lwabuyela eMoscow, kwaye iMstislav yaphinda yaqalisa uqeqesho esikolweni. Ukukhuthala kunye nemizamo iphawulile ootitshala abaye basusa umfana onetalente kwikhosi yesi-2 nge-5.
Ngo-1946, i-rostropovich ifumene idiploma ngeembeko kwii-shedties ezimbini: umqambi kunye neeselfowuni. I-Mstislav ibhalise kwisikolo sokuphumelela, kwaye igqibe izifundo, yaba ngumfundisi-ntsapho waseMoscow noSt. Petersburg. Kwiminyaka engama-26, waqhuba imisebenzi ye-pedagogical, ukuphakamisa u-Ivan Monigretti, eNatalia Shaokhoavkaya, Natalia Gutman, uDavid Giyans kunye nezinye iimvumi.
Umculo
Isiqingatha sesibini seminyaka yee-1940 saphawulwa iikonsathi zeRostropovich eKiev, Minsk naseMoscow. Uloyiso olukuko kukhuphiswano lwamazwe aphesheya luzise impumelelo nodumo. Babekhuselwe ngokunyamezela abakhenkethi kwizixeko zaseYurophu nakwilizwe elahlukeneyo lehlabathi. Ukwamkelwa kwelizwe jikelele kwimvumi eselula yeza ngokukhawuleza.
URostropovich uhlala efuna ukuziphucula. Kudliwanondlebe, imvumi ihlala iphawuleka eli xesha ngexesha lekhondo elifanelekileyo xa "kufuna ukudlala kakuhle." Njengomqambi kunye nomculi, i-mstislav leopoldevich ifunde amanqaku, ukutolikwa kweebatch zeselfowuni ngokwazo kunye nokusebenza kwazo ziimvumi.
Umnyhadala "wePrague intwasahlobo" 1955 yazisa iRostropovich yokwazi nge-opera imvumi yaseGalina Vishnevskaya. Esi sibini sihlala sisebenza kunye: IGalina sang phantsi kwenqanaba le-mstislav. Imvumi eyenziwa kwigumbi elingena egumbini elingena noDavid Justoy noScoretoslav Richter. Ngo-1957, iRostropovich ityhilwe njengomqhubi, ukubamba i-premieree ye "Egene Integin" kwi-Bolshoi Theatre. Umsebenzi wabanjwa nomtshato kwaye wazisa impumelelo.
I-Mstislav leopoldovich inyanzelekile. Amandla aphezulu kunye nomnqweno wokuphumeza yonke into ekukhuliswe ukudibanisa imisebenzi yendlela yokunyanga, iikonsathi kunye nokubhala iingoma ezintsha. I-maidiyor yayinembono yakhe kuyo yonke into eyenzekileyo kwindawo yomculo, kwaye yayinombono wakhe malunga nemeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Akazange alishiye ithuba lokuthetha malunga namaxesha amenza ixhala.
Ngo-1989, uMstislav Leopoldovich wathetha nesuti yeBhaha, esizalisekisa ngesixhobo sakhe sayiseDlulini saseBerlin. Umqambi wazabalaza kwintshutshiso ka-Anna Akhimatova, uJoseph Bhrodsky, Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Okokugqibela wanika indawo yokuhlala kwi-DACAN yakhe. Izenzo zikaRostropovich zabangela ukungoneliseki kunye noxinzelelo kurhulumente.
Ukutyikitywa kwesibheno kwiBhunga EliPhelelekileyo le-USSR malunga nokuxolelwa kwamabanjwa kunye nokupheliswa kwesigwebo sentambo ngo-1972 siye sabonisa imvumi yomsebenzi weBolshoi Theatre. Wavalwa nguhambo lwamanye amazwe. I-Rostropovich kunye ne-vishnevskaya azisameme i-orchestra yedolophu yaseMetropolitan ukuya kwiinzalo.
I-Mstislav leopolddovich ifumene irisithi ye-visa kunye nosapho bakhe bashiya i-USSR, bemkile eUnited States. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, iqabane lakhe lalihlutha ubummi base-USSR ngoxinzelelo lwe-Antipatriotism. Eli xesha lalinzima kumqambi. Kwakungekho nyana kuqala. Ngokuthe ngcembe, waqala wanika iikonsathi kwaye wafumana isikhundla somlawuli wobugcisa kwiWashington Symphony Orchestra.
Emva kweminyaka eli-16 yobomi phesheya, iRostropovich yayingumqambi, umqhubi wesifundo kunye neeselti, ezamkelwe kwihlabathi liphela. Urhulumente wase-USSR wafika wabuya wabuya wabuya wabuya ubumi, kodwa amagcisa alo xesha 'abemi behlabathi', kwaye lo mqondiso wayefanekisela.
KwiRosropovich neVishnevskaya, iingcango zavulwa kuwo naliphi na ilizwe. Benze eMoscow kwi-par kunye nezinye izixeko. I-PerCH 1991 yanyanzela indoda ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kwikamva lelizwe. Uxhasa ngamandla utshintsho olucetywayo. Ngo-1993, imvumi kunye nosapho lwakhe bafudukela eSt. Petersburg.
I-themba le-mstislav rostropovich yayinkulu. Wenza ngolo ngolo kwaye enxunguphalo, wasebenza ne-symphony ye-orchestra kwaye wayengumqhubi we-Opera. Kwagxile kwiLizwe liphela loMculo. Bangaphezu kwama-60 abafundi abaqambe babhala imisebenzi kuye, benethemba lokuba i-maestro yayiza kuyiphumeza ukwakhiwa kwawo. URostropovich wayengowokuqala owenza imisebenzi engaphezu kwe-100 ye-cello kwaye wabamba i-70 preserses nge-orchestra. Isixhobo semvumi sivakala eyeyona ndawo intle yehlabathi.
I-Rostropovich yenziwa njenge "nenenekazi eliPhakamileyo" eliveliswe eUnited States, i "Tassist My" eMonaco, "inenekazi" eJamani, eHovansshchina eMoscow. Umculi urekhode iikonsathi zerediyo. Ukuze ufumane i-mareero, i-stalinist kunye ne-lenin amabhaso aziswa. Ngo-1966, iRostropovich yaba ngumculi we-USSR. I-Mstislav leopoldovich - Umnini wamaBhaso ama-5 eGrammy ". Ngo-2003, amabhaso anikezelwa "ngomsebenzi ongaqhelekanga."
Ubomi Buqu
Ukuqhelana ne-pina viina viinknevskaya kutshintsha ubomi be-mstislav rostropovich. Badibana kwezinye iindlela apho umculi, njengesiqhelo, wayenesithukuthezi kwisangqa seendwendwe kunye namanenekazi ahlabayo. Ukubona uGalina, iMstislav ayizange ihambe kuye lonke ngokuhlwa, ibangela. Emva koko wahamba notyelelo ePrague, ukuzama nzima ukoyisa ubuhle bomkhono. Le ndoda yayineminyaka engama-28 ubudala, kodwa ukungafezeki kobume, iiglasi ezinkulu kunye nokuvela kulutsha lweLisin kunyanzelekile ukuba isebenze.
UVishnevskaya ngelo xesha wakhanya naphi na kwaye wayekwicala lozuko. I-Rostropovich isoyisile intliziyo yakhe ngokuziphatha kuka-Aristocral, ingqalelo kunye nobukrelekrele. Umqambi wabuza umculi ukuba abe ngumfazi wakhe kwiintsuku ezi-4 emva kokuthandana. UVishnevskaya waqhekeza umfazi wakhe uMark Sory ukuba abe naye.
Ukutshata, isibini siphile isibini ixesha elithile nentsapho yeMstissava, kodwa yazifumana indlu yakhe. Ubomi bobuqu beRostropovich Ngaba bayonwabile: Ngo-1956, iqabane lazala i-Olga ntombi. Imvumi yayikulungele ukubeka umhlaba wonke kwimilenze kaGalina, inika umtshato, imimoya kunye nezinye izinto ezothusayo.
Izipho zomqambi wazise ngokukhenketho eNgilani, apho wasindisa khona imali yokukholisa intanda yakhe, ngenxa yokuba inxenye yemirhumo kufuneka inikwe iSoviet. Umphefumlo womqambi uyichasa imithetho ecocwe ngurhulumente. Kanye ngexesha lokuthenga i-vase ye-antiquique yamaTshayina kwaye yaphuka kwindlu yozakuzo, ukubonelela ngamaqhekeza 'eyam "kunye" neyakho. "
Ngo-1958, kwabonakala intombi yesibini uElena. Utata uyabagada abafazi bakhe. Wayebandakanyeke ebantwaneni ngomculo kwaye wachitha lonke ixesha lakhe elikhululekileyo. I-IDYF ye-IDY eyaphulwa ukufuduka eUnited States. Usapho lwajongana nokunqongophala kwemali, ubugcisa kunye nentlalontle.
Nangona kunjalo, ubomi obutsha benziwe ngokukhawuleza amaqabane atyebileyo kwaye simahla. URostropovich waba yi-Knight yoBukhosi boBukhosi baseBritane, wafumana iodolo yomkhosi ohlonisiweyo ovela eFrance kunye nomnqamlezo wegosa ukuba afumane intsholongwane. Umbutho waseJapan woBugcisa wazisa umqhubi kwibhaso lase-Imperial, e-USA - imbasa kaMongameli, kunye neSweden - iodolo yenkanyezi yePolar.
Ukubuyela eRussia, i-rostropovich, sele i-patron, i-PARON yamalungelo abantu kunye nenani likarhulumente, alikhange libonise inqaku kunye ne-snobs. Izinto zokufunyanwa kwePanus ezikhethiweyo zokuphulaphula abantwana kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo, zihlala zivumile kwifoto kunye nabalandeli, azisasa naziphi na izicelo. Kwimvumi, kwakungekho mahluko kwizizwe ezichaphazela izibakala zebhayiloji - waphatha yonke into ngokuqonda nangokuhlonipha.
Ukufa
Ngo-2007, impilo ye-maestro yothondela. Wayechithwa esibhedlele izihlandlo ezininzi. Oogqirha bafumanisa tumper tumant kwisibindi. Umsebenzi wenziwa, olo phuculo lukhetho, kodwa into ebuthathaka yomqambi yayingakhawulezi.
Ngo-Epreli 27, 2007, imvumi enobuchule ayizange. Unobangela wokufa yayisisifo esibandezelekileyo kunye nemiphumo yokuhlaziywa. Kude kube ngumzuzu wokugqibela, izalamane nabantu abasondeleyo babemi kuye.
Imemori
Ukufa kukaMstislav Rostropopovich akuzange kumisi uphuhliso lweeprojekthi azikhundleni. Abahlobo abaziinqanaba eliphakamileyo kunye nabantu ababaziyo baxhasa amatyala aqalwa nguye ebomini. Ke, isikolo ngo-2004 eValencia isebenza kwaye ngoku. Kwinkumbulo yomqambi, umsitho wonyaka wabanjwa, ebizwa ngembeko.
Umqhubi wesifundo esekwe iNgxowa-mali exhasa abafundi abanesibonelelo kunye nezibonelelo. Namhlanje, iNkokeli yakhe yintombi ka-Olga. "Vishnevskaya Rostropopovich Isiseko senkxaso-mali yigalelo leemvumi kuphuhliso lwamayeza asekhaya, oxhasa intombi ka-Elena.
EMoscow, kwi-Bryov Lane, isikhumbuzo esiya kumqambi simiselwa. Ukuhlonipha amaculo adumileyo amaziko awaziwayo eRussia abizwa ngegama lemfundo yaseRussia.
Amabhaso kunye nezihloko
- Ngo-1951 - I-Stalinsky II IBHODI
- Ngo-1955-ohloniphekileyo we-Rsfsr
- Ngo-1964 - Ibhaso le-lenin
- Ngo-1964 - Umculi we-PRSDR
- Ngo-1966 - Umculi we-USSR
- Ngo-1991 - ibhaso lamagama e-rsfsr ebiziwe emva kweM. I. Glinka
- Ngo-1995 - ibhaso leLizwe leRussian Federation